scholarly journals Genetic control of juvenile resistance to powdery mildew in spring bread wheat cultivars from the VIR collection

VAVILOVIA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
T. V. Lebedeva ◽  
E. V. E. V. Zuev
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Dominant Genes

Background. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major food crops of humankind. Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is the most destructive foliar disease capable of causing great yield losses in epidemic years. Breeding for resistance to powdery mildew is the most economical and effective way to control this disease. By now, 68 loci were identified to contain more than 90 alleles of resistance to powdery mildew in wheat. However, there is a permanent necessity in finding new sources of resistance.The objective of the present study was to characterize the seedling powdery mildew resistance in some spring bread wheat varieties from the VIR collection and determine the inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in these accessions.Materials and methods. The powdery mildew resistant varieties ‘SW Kungsjet’ (k-66036), ‘SW Kronjet’ (k-66097), ‘Boett’ (k-66353), ‘Batalj’ (k-67116), ‘Stilett’ (k-67119) ‘Pasteur’ (k-66093) were crossed with a resistant line ‘Wembley 14.31’ (k-62557) containing the Pm12 gene, and with ‘SW Milljet’ (k-64434); the variety ‘Sibirka Yartsevskaya’ (k-38587) was used as a susceptible parent and control. The hybrid populations F2 were inoculated with the fungus population from local field and evaluated. The powdery mildew population manifested virulence to Pm1a, Pm2, Pm3a-f, Pm4a-b, Pm5a, Pm6, Pm7, Pm8, Pm9, Pm10, Pm11, Pm16, Pm19, Pm28, and avirulence to Pm12. The degree of resistance was assessed on days 8 and 10 after the inoculation using the Mains and Dietz scale (Mains, Dietz, 1930). The castrated flowers in the spikes were pollinated using the twell-method (Merezhko et al., 1973). Chi-squared for goodness of fit test was used to determine deviation of the observed data from the theoretically expected segregation.Results. According phytopathological and genetic tests, juvenile resistance in the varieties ‘SW Kungsjet’, ‘SW Kronjet’, ‘Boett’, ‘Batalj’, ‘Stilett’ and ‘Pasteur’ is controlled by dominant genes, which differ from Pm1a, Pm2, Pm3a-f, Pm4a-b, Pm5a, Pm6, Pm7, Pm8, Pm9, Pm10, Pm11, Pm12, Pm16, Pm19, and Pm28. The varieties ‘SW Milljet’, ‘SW Kronjet’ and ‘Pasteur’ had identical resistance genes. Genetic control of juvenile resistance to powdery mildew in ‘Batalj’, ‘Boett’, ‘Stilett’, ‘SW Milljet’, ‘SW Kungsjet’, ‘Pasteur’ was governed by different genes.Conclusions. The varieties ‘SW Kungsjet’, ‘SW Kronjet’, ‘Boett’ have been maintaining adult and seedling resistance since 2005, and ‘Batalj’, ‘Stilett’ and ‘Pasteur’ since 2017. Seedling resistance of these varieties to local powdery mildew population is controlled by dominant genes. A high degree of resistance was displayed by ‘SW Kungsjet’ and ‘SW Kronjet’ in the Novosibirsk Province, while ‘SW Kungsjet’ was resistant to mildew populations of Tatarstan. The variety ‘Pasteur’ manifested seedling resistance to leaf rust, and ‘SW Kungsjet’ was resistant to loose smut. By summing all the results, it may be suggested that the varieties ‘SW Kungsjet’, ‘SW Kronjet’, ‘Boett’, ‘Batalj’, ‘Stilett’ and ‘Pasteur can serve as good donors of powdery mildew resistance in wheat breeding.

scholarly journals Powdery mildew resistance of Nordic spring bread wheat accessions from the collection of the Vavilov Institute (VIR)

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
T. V. Lebedeva ◽  
A. N. Brykova ◽  
E. V. Zuev
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Background. Powdery mildew is one of the harmful and destructive foliar diseases of cereal crops, caused by the fungus Вlumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal. Annual harvest losses may reach 10–15%, and up to 30% in an epidemic year. The VIR collection contains rich diversity of wheat, a valuable source of original material for wheat resistance breeding programs.The aim of this study was to generalize the results of long-term field and laboratory investigations on powdery mildew resistance in spring bread wheat of Nordic origin from the VIR collection and search for accessions resistant in all development phases.Materials and methods. Powdery mildew resistance was analyzed in 279 accessions originated from Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark. The tests were performed from 1961 to 2019 against a natural population of the fungus in VIR’s experimental field (Pushkin, St. Petersburg). Field and laboratory studies were carried out in accordance with the guidelines developed by VIR.Results. The analysis of the field data on powdery mildew resistance in spring bread wheat accessions against the Pushkin population of the fungus showed that many Nordic accessions were resistant from 1970 till 1990. These data were retested in 2012–2013. One hundred and five accessions of old landraces and modern cultivars of Nordic origin were studied under field and laboratory conditions for their response to a natural population of the fungus. Accessions resistant in all phases of plant development were identified.Conclusion. Swedish cultivars ‘Sunnan’ (k-58177), ‘Canon’ (k-60992), ‘Sober’ (k-61080) ‘Dragon’ (k-61515) and ‘Dacke’ (k-63479) preserved their resistance to the powdery mildew population beginning from 1993. Spring bread wheat cultivars ‘SW Vals’ (k-64436), ‘SW Milljet’ (k-64434), ‘SW Estrad’ (k-64435), ‘SW Vinjet’ (k-64436), ‘Zebra’ (k-64707), ‘SW Kungsjet’ (k-66036), ‘SW Kronjet’ (k-66097) and ‘Boett’ (k66353) demonstrated adult and seedling resistance in the period from 2005 to 2019. 

scholarly journals PROSPECTS OF EMPLOYING MODERN EUROPEAN CULTIVARS OF SPRING BREAD WHEAT IN THE BREEDING FOR POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE IN THE NORTHWESTERN REGION OF RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
T. V. Lebedeva ◽  
E. V. Zuev ◽  
A. N. Brykova
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Productivity Indicators

Background. Powdery mildew of bread wheat caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal is a widespread foliar disease of wheat in regions with cool and wet climate. It infects the foliage, stem and spike of the wheat host and causes yield reduction. Breeding for resistance is the economical way to control this disease. The object of this work was to analyze spring cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for powdery mildew resistance and some productivity indicators.Materials and methods. The study involved 150 European spring bread wheat cultivars whose resistance to the fungus was assessed at the seedling, heading and flowering phases of plant development. The population of the fungus manifested virulence to Pm1, Pm2, Pm3a-d, Pm4a-b, Pm5a, Pm6, Pm7, Pm8, Pm9, Pm16 and Pm19, and avirulence to Pm12. The damage to seedlings was evaluated using the scale from 0 (no damage) to 4 (abundant pustules). Resistance of the adult plants was analyzed according to the scale from 9 (no damage) to 1 (abundant pustules).Results and conclusions. Of the 150 cultivars, resistance at the seedling stage was shown by 12,7%, and at the adult stage by 20,1%. The cultivars ‘Dacke’, ‘SW Estrad’, ‘Sparrow’ and ‘Aranka’ were resistant in all phases of plant growth. ‘Naxos’ was characterized by a short period from seedlings to heading. The cultivars ‘Aranka’, ‘Zuzana’, ‘Septima’, ‘Tercia’ and ‘Sparrow’ had short stems, while ‘Torka’, ‘Sparrow’ and ‘Pasteur’ – large grains.

Identification and genetic mapping of PmAF7DS a powdery mildew resistance gene in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Bheema Lingeswara Reddy ◽  
K. Chandrasekhar ◽  
Y. Zewdu ◽  
A. Dinoor ◽  
B. Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene ◽  
Mildew Resistance

scholarly journals Powdery mildew resistance of barley accessions from Dagestan

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-533
Author(s):  
R. A. Abdullaev ◽  
T. V. Lebedeva ◽  
N. V. Alpatieva ◽  
B. A. Batasheva ◽  
I. N. Anisimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Infection Pressure ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Powdery mildew caused by the parasitic fungus Blumeria graminis (DC.) Golovin ex Speer f. sp. hordei Marchal is one of the most common diseases of barley. Growing resistant varieties can significantly minimize harmful effects of the pathogen. The specificity in the interaction between the fungus and its host plant requires a continuous search for new donors of the resistance trait. The powdery mildew resistance of 264 barley accessions from Dagestan and genetic control of the trait in resistant forms were studied under field and laboratory conditions. Forty-seven barley lines carrying previously identified powdery mildew resistance genes were also examined. During three years, the experimental material was evaluated under severe infection pressure at the Dagestan Experiment Station of VIR (North Caucasus, Derbent). Juvenile resistance against the Northwest (St. Petersburg, Pushkin) pathogen population was evaluated in a climatic chamber. The genetic control of B. graminis resistance in the selected accessions was studied with the application of hybridological and molecular analyses. The level of genetic diversity of Dagestan barley for effective resistance to powdery mildew is very low. Only two accessions, VIR-23787 and VIR-28212, are resistant against B. graminis at both seedling and adult plant stages. The high-level resistance of breeding line VIR-28212 originating from barley landrace VIR-17554 (Ep-80 Abyssinien) from Ethiopia is controlled by the recessive gene mlo11. Accession VIR-17554 is heterogeneous for the studied trait, with the powdery mildew resistant genotypes belonging to two varieties, dupliatrum (an awnless phenotype) and nigrinudum (an awned phenotype). In accession VIR-23787, a recessive resistance gene distinct from the mlo11 allele was identified. This accession is supposed to be protected by a new, effective pathogen resistance gene.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Segregation Distortion Locus with Powdery Mildew Resistance in a Wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium Introgression Line WE99

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 1541-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengtao Ma ◽  
Hongxing Xu ◽  
Guohao Han ◽  
Qiaoling Luo ◽  
Yunfeng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Introgression Line ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Chromosome Arm

Exploitation of host resistance is important for controlling powdery mildew of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, a wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium introgression line, designated WE99, conferred seedling resistance to 47 of 49 Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the resistance segregation deviated significantly from a single gene Mendelian ratio. However, marker analysis indicated that only a single recessive resistance gene, temporarily designated PmWE99, conferred powdery mildew resistance (Pm). PmWE99 was mapped to chromosome arm 2BS and linked to the three simple-sequence repeat markers Gwm148, Gwm271, and Barc55. Using race spectrum analysis, PmWE99 was shown to be significantly different from the documented genes Pm42 and MlIW170 located on chromosome arm 2BS and, thus, appeared to be a new Pm gene. Examination of the genotype frequencies in the F2:3 families showed that a genetic variation in the PmWE99 interval that favored the transmission of the WE99 allele could be the cause of the deviated segregation. Further investigation revealed that the abnormal segregation only occurred at the PmWE99 interval and was not common at other loci in this population. Identification of PmWE99 will increase the diversity of the Pm genes for wheat improvement.

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