CONSTRUCTION OF DISCRIMINATION RULES OF DAILY WATER CONSUMPTION GRAPHS FROM THE WATER SUPPLY NETWORK WITH CONSIDERATION OF SEASONAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS

The article presents an analysis of an existing water supply system. Water consumption in various time frames, i.e. a year, week and 24 hours, is shown. A hydraulic model was developed and, using the EPANET programme, calculations simulating its parameters carried out, accounting particularly for water age, which reflective of the water quality supplied to the recipients. The obtained results are the basis for assessing the operation of the system.

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Wise use of water in smart cities - possibilities and limitations

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183001014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 01014

Author(s):

Joanna Bąk

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Supply Network ◽

Water Efficiency ◽

Water Supply Network ◽

Quality Water ◽

Reduced Water

The need to save water is due, inter alia, to the paradigm of sustainable development. There are many ways to minimize the consumption of high quality water supplied by the water supply network. These include the simplest way and those complex, requiring additional installation. The lack of water is a big problem, but not only water deficit are dangerous. There is a possibility of secondary water pollution in the water supply network due to changes in network parameters. Changes in these parameters may occur due to reduced demand for water by residents and, as a result, reduced water flow - at the same pipe diameter. The article includes a review with comparative analysis of various classification systems for the tap fittings and other sanitary equipment, such as the Water Efficiency Label (WELL) in Europe or the Water Efficiency Labelling and Standards (WELS) in Australia. Several types of perlators and flow regulators were compared in the research section. This equipment was tested in the household. The possibilities of minimizing water consumption by using them was collated. In addition, the work also analyses the evolution of water consumption in Poland in recent years and their possible relationship with the threats quality of drinking water supplied to consumers.

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A New Approach to the Maximum Quarterly Water Consumption Modeling on the Example of Individual Water Consumers in a Small Water Supply System

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska ◽

10.54740/ros.2021.012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 180-197

Author(s):

Anna Młyńska ◽

Tomasz Bergel ◽

Dariusz Młyński

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Probability Distributions ◽

Simulation Method ◽

Supply System ◽

Water Supply System ◽

Data Set ◽

Small Water ◽

Daily Water ◽

Daily Water Consumption

Quarterly water consumption data collected in a small water supply system were used for elaboration of a new water consumption modeling approach. In this paper, multi-distribution statistical analysis was performed. As the Anderson-Darling test proved, at least a half out of the ten tested theoretical probability distributions can be used for description of the water consumption. The application of the PWRMSE criterion made it possible to determine, which of the tested theoretical distributions is the best-fitted to the empirical data set. In the case of total daily water consumption for the group of the households, it was Johnson distribution, whereas for the average daily water consumption per capita, it was GEV distribution. Based on the best-fitted probability distribution, a 25-year water consumption simulation with the Monte Carlo method was conducted. Because methodology of this study is based on the probability distributions, even if the type of theoretical distribution of the water consumption will change, it will be still possible to use this simulation method by assuming the other distribution.

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Water use by lactating sows

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600017591 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 1988 ◽

pp. 122-122

Author(s):

B.P. Gill ◽

P.H. Brooks ◽

J.L. Carpenter

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Water Use ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

Water Demands ◽

Individual Variations ◽

Lactating Sows ◽

Daily Water ◽

Daily Water Consumption

There have been few published studies on the water needs of lactating sows under contemporary systems of feeding, housing and management. The literature available indicates that lactating sows provided with an unrestricted water supply show considerable individual variations in daily water consumption. Although ARC (1981) suggest that lactating sows should have access to an unrestricted water supply, an allowance of between 15 and 20 l/day has been recommended to meet the requirements for water. This study investigated the water demands of lactating sows provided with an unrestricted supply of water and to determine the stage of lactation on daily water use.

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PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMANS TERNAK BABI FASE STARTER

ZOOTEC ◽

10.35792/zot.36.1.2016.9986 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Alfred Tamawiwy ◽

M. Najoan ◽

J S Mandey ◽

F. N Sompie

Keyword(s):

Water Consumption ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Control Diet ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Daily Water ◽

Pig Performance ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Daily Water Consumption

ABSTRACT EFFECT OF UTILIZATION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) IN THE DIET ON PIG PERFORMANCE. Utilization of fats and oils in pig diets is of great importance due to their high energy value. VCO is obtained by cold press processing of the kernel from the coconut fruit. Utilization of virgin coconut oil (VCO) in the diets on pig performance. The present study was designed to elaborate the effect of utilization of VCO in the diets on energy and protein digestibility of growing pigs. The experiment was conducted using 20 castrated male pigs aged 1.5 - 2.0 months weighing 12,0±2,0 kg. The data were analyzed according to the linear model procedure for ANOVA appropriate for Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were formulated as follow: R0 = 100% control diet + 0% VCO; R1 = 99.5% control diet + 1.0% VCO; R2 = 98.0% control diet + 2.0% VCO; R3 = 97.0% control diet + 3.0% VCO; and R4 = 96.0% control diet + 4.0% VCO. Parameters measured were: daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption. The results showed that the utilization of VCO up to 4% in the diets had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption of pigs. It can be concluded that the addition of VCO up to 4.0% in the diets has no significant meaning on pig performance. Key words: Virgin coconut oil (VCO), Performance, Growing pigs

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