Collectivization and National Question in Soviet Udmurtia

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-332
Author(s):  
Marco Gabbas
Keyword(s):  
Factory Workers ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Party Committee ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
National Question ◽  
Definitive Solution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
One Year ◽  
Industrial Center ◽  
Local Party

Abstract The subject of this article is the collectivization of agriculture in Soviet Udmurtia at the turn of the 1930s. Situated in the Urals, Udmurtia was an autonomous region, largely agricultural, and with a developing industrial center, Izhevsk, as capital. The titular nationality of the region, the Udmurts, represented slightly more than 50% of the total inhabitants, while the rest was made up by Russians and other national minorities. Udmurts were mostly peasants and concentrated in the countryside, whereas city-dwellers and factory workers were mostly Russians. Due to these and other circumstances, collectivization in Udmurtia was carried out in a very specific way. The campaign began here in 1928, one year before than in the rest of the Union, and had possibly the highest pace in the country, with 76% of collectivized farms by 1933. The years 1928–1931 were the highest point of the campaign, when the most opposition and the most violence took place. The local Party Committee put before itself the special task to carry out a revolutionary collectivization campaign in the Udmurt countryside, which should have been a definitive solution to its “national” backwardness and to all its problems, from illiteracy to trachoma, from syphilis to the strip system (that is, each family worked on small “strips” of land far from each other). The Party Committee failed to exert much support from the peasant Udmurt masses, which stayed at best inert to collectivization propaganda, or opposed it openly. However, the back of the Udmurt peasantry was finally broken, and Udmurtia was totally collectivized by the end of the 1930s.

Public Policy Administration

1985 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Richard A. Brumback
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
General Level ◽  
American Government ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
The Past ◽  
Business Colleges ◽  
Business College ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
One Year

The teaching of an introductory course in American Government can be a difficult and frustrating endeavor under even the best of circumstances. Given the general level of cynicism and/or lack of interest by large numbers of Americans regarding politics and politicians, the task of generating student enthusiasm, or even mild interest, toward the subject matter can indeed be an arduous one. When the teaching of such a course takes place in a business college, and when the student audience is “captive” to a college requirement that all students must take the course, the task can be rendered considerably more formidable.For the past six years I have been teaching such courses at business colleges — one year at Bryant College in Rhode Island, and the following five years at Bentley College in Massachusetts.

scholarly journals Discussion of meteorolo­gical observations in India at various heights

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 933-936
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Daily Range ◽  
Diurnal Range ◽  
Annual Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Extended Area ◽  
One Year ◽  
Board Ship

The author adverts to a former paper “On the Meteorolog of the Deccan,” published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1835, and after referring to the conclusions at which he arrived in that communication, states that, in the discussion of the meteorological observations which form the subject of the present paper, and which were made over a very extended area, at different heights, some being hourly and running through several years at the same station, it is very satisfactory to find that they fully establish the accuracy of the former deductions. He remarks that, as some of the obser­vations now discussed were hourly records continued through con­siderable periods of time, an opportunity has been afforded of in­vestigating abnormal conditions, which the former limited number of diurnal observations did not permit; and gives the following review of what appears to be normal and abnormal conditions. The annual and daily range of the barometer diminishes from the sea-level up to the greatest height observed, 8640 feet at Dodabetta, from a mean annual and mean daily range at Madras of 0·735 and 0·122 respectively to 0·410 and 0·060 at Dodabetta;—the annual range would appear to increase, about and beyond the northern tropic, as the annual range at Calcutta (not by hourly observations) is 0·911; but the diurnal range is somewhat less (0·115) than at Madras. At no one of the places of observation, even taking the maximum pressure of one year with the minimum pressure of another year, does there appear to have been a range of pressure equivalent to an inch of mercury; nevertheless in the Cyclones, or rotatory storms, there occurs at times a range of pressure of nearly two inches of mercury within forty-eight hours; but it is shown from a compa­ rison of the simultaneous records on board ship, where these great depressions were noted, with the records at the observatories on shore, that the great depressions occurred within very limited areas.

scholarly journals AYURVEDIC APPROACH ON CYSTOID MACULAR OEDEMA - A CASE REPORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1904-1907
Author(s):  
Sabarinath M K ◽  
Pasha S M
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Macular Oedema ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Cystoid Macular Oedema ◽  
Field Of Vision ◽  
The Subject ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Photocoagulation Therapy

Cystoid Macular Oedema or CME is a painless disorder that affects the central retina or macula. It refers to the accumulation of fluid in the outer plexiform and inner nuclear layer of the retina with the formation of a fluid-filled cyst. The primary symptom of macular oedema is blurry or wavy vision near or in the centre of your field of vision. Materials and Methods: A male patient of 48 yrs. presented in Shalakya OPD of GAMC Bengaluru with symp- toms of diminished vision in his right eye for one year. The patient was diagnosed with cystoid macular oedema in the right eye for which he was given photocoagulation therapy but did not find much relief. So, he approached our OPD. After thorough examination patient was started with Ayurvedic Medicines. Result: The subject showed marked improvement both subjectively and objectively. Discussion: Oedema which is the terminus of the pathology in this condition has to be understood as Ekanga Shopha. Though Kapha is the predominant dosha involved in forming Shopha here, the lakshanas manifesting are that of Vataja Timira. So, in this case study, Kapha Vata Hara followed by Shopha Hara line of treatment is adopted. Keywords: Cystoid macular oedema, Shopha, Vataja Timira, Nasya, Punarnavadi Kashaya.

scholarly journals En Deca Et Au Dela De L'Inceste Chez L'Adolescente

1966 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Bigras ◽  
Colette Bouchard ◽  
Nancy Coleman-Porter ◽  
Yolande Tassé
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Adolescent Girl ◽  
Severe Reaction ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Suicidal Attempts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
One Year ◽  
Passive Person

This work deals with the problem of paternal incest occurring with young daughters at puberty. Only those incestuous relations which lasted at least one year have been the subject of the present research. 1) As far as the family structure is concerned, this study has revealed the incestuous father as a weak, masochistic, passive person who is dominated by his wife. The incestuous seductions of the daughter are experienced by her as making her party to his humiliation by his wife. It is under cover of pity that he turns his erotic desires to his daughter. He either beseeches her understanding and compassion or he uses violence. He has no control over his home and above all he has no control over himself. The wife holds the reins. The father is incapable of saying no to his incestuous desires. The mothers of these adolescent girls were described as essentially rejecting, and we noted that there is a parallel between the ego-disorganization of the adolescent girl and the intensity of the mother's rejection. 2) We have found that for the duration of the incestuous relationship, these adolescent girls had not suffered any behavioural or personality disorganization which would have alarmed their environment. 3) It was at the time, and very often on the very day, of the father's departure that these girls broke down. 4) Their disorganization was characterized by a very violent, compulsive acting out, which was for the most part erotic-heterosexual behaviour. Other acting out was observed, such as suicidal attempts, running away from home, auto-mutilation and destructive behaviour. We have given the name of compulsive-masochistic reaction to this type of disorganization. Two adolescent girls eventually had a more severe reaction. They evolved a frank psychosis. 5) Our main hypothesis, which was confirmed by the analysis of the clinical material, was that the compulsive-masochistic reaction is due to a masochistic father-fixation. In other words, these young girls seek at all costs to perpetuate the incestuous liaison to which they are henceforth irremediably attached. Moreover this father-fixation protects them from a much more radical regression; namely an oral and murderous invasion by the mother. The psychosis occurs when this father-fixation is no longer possible, that is when the father is annihilated, as much in the mother's eyes as in the daughter's. (“He no longer exists for me”, Lise told us). Then the adolescent girl cannot seek any help in her struggle against the oral, devastating and totally destructive mother with whom she is at grips. The effect is therefore fatal: a collapse of the ego's structure; it is psychosis.

Part 2 Jurisdiction, Admissibility, and Applicable Law: Compétence, Recevabilité, Et Droit Applicable, Art.8bis Crime of aggression/Crime d’agression

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schabas William A
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Criminal Court ◽  
Rome Statute ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
State Party ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
One Year

This chapter comments on Article 8bis of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Article 8bis defines the crime of aggression, one of four categories of offence within the subject-matter jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. The provision is part of a package of amendments adopted at the Kampala Review Conference in 2010. It entered into force in accordance with article 121(5) one year after ratification of the amendments by the first State Party. Liechtenstein was the first State Party to ratify the amendments, on May 8, 2012. Consequently, the amendment entered into force on May 8, 2013. On that date, the amendment was registered by the depository, the Secretary-General of the United Nations. However, exercise of jurisdiction by the Court over article 8bis is subject to article 15bis and article 15ter.

scholarly journals Development of Radio Broadcasting in the Penza Region in the Late 1940s — Early 1950s.

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
I.N. Simonova
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Editorial Staff ◽  
Quantitative Ratio ◽  
Strict Control ◽  
Radio Broadcasting ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Local Party ◽  
Local Radio

The paper considers the development of broadcasting in the Penza region in the late 1940s and early 1950s, Emphasizes that this period is characterized by active and widespread broadcasting across the country and on the territory of the studied region. Radio infection affected not only regional settlements and working centers of the region, but also remote collective farms. The leader in the development of local radio broadcasting was Kameshkir district, which had its own Studio. It is noted that the radio broadcasting of the Penza region was under strict control of the party and Soviet bodies. For each program, a mandatory verification procedure was introduced, and thematic plans of programs were sent to the places. The quality of local programs directly depended on the level of professional training of editorial staff. The most interesting and operative in content were the programs of the Penza, Kuznetsk and Kamenskaya editions, which actively attracted local party, Komsomol and Soviet workers, leading figures in industry and agriculture, propagandists and agitators to the speeches. Radio broadcasting in the Penza region in the 1940s and early 1950s was actively developed and had a strong propaganda orientation, which was reflected in the subject matter and the quantitative ratio of radio broadcasts.

scholarly journals Self Awareness dan Perilaku Faking pada Kegiatan Wawancara Kerja Karyawan

PSYCHE 165 ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Mukhaira El Akmal ◽  
Martha Dewi Kasih Riang Waruwu ◽  
Yuninka Cicilia Br. Sinaga ◽  
Jecika Alisya ◽  
Naween Naween
Keyword(s):  
Self Control ◽  
Career Goals ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Job Interviews ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cover Up

This study aims to determine the description of self-awareness and faking behavior in employee job interviews. This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach. The main subjects in this study were 5 people with the following characteristics: employees who have just worked for less than one year. The results showed that the subject showed a different picture of self-awareness and faking behavior in several aspects. Subjects are able to understand themselves, set life and career goals, build relationships with others, build diversity values, be able to balance their own needs with job demands, and develop self-control over appropriate stimuli. Meanwhile, in faking behavior during job interviews, subjects tend to prioritize physical appearance during the interview, ability to communicate and cover up negative self-images during the interview.

scholarly journals The“Ukrainian Question” in the Newspaper “Yuzhny Kray” (March – October 1917)

Rusin ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
D.I. Stogov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Editorial Policy ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Cultural Autonomy ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Subject

The article analyses the editorial policy of the newspaper “Yuzhny Kray”, which had a significant circulation in Kharkiv. The subject of the study is the newspaper’s publications from March to October 1917, i.e. during the Provisional Government. Among other issues put on the agenda by the revolutionary wave, the Ukrainian question can be singled out in particular. In modern conditions, when Russian-Ukrainian relations are subject to serious tests, it is important to refer to the crucial events of 1917. The author focuses on the plots related to the spread of the Ukrainian language and culture, the dialogue of Russian and Ukrainian cultures in the Kharkiv province, which had a very diverse ethnic composition. Of particular interest are the issues related to the teaching of the Ukrainian language in the Kharkiv province. In addition, the author analyses the articles about the Ukrainian Central Rada, some events (all-Ukrainian Peasant Congress, Congress of Ukrainian socialists-revolutionaries, Kiev Congress of Ukrainian Lawyers, etc.), newspaper publications concerning the reaction of the authorities and social groups to the problem of Ukrainism. The athour concludes that the newspaper “Yuzhny Kray” reflected primarily the views of the liberal intelligentsia and followed the policy of the Provisional Government on the Ukrainian issue, generally supporting the idea of creating national and cultural autonomy of the Ukrainian people, but criticizing the the Central Rada policy of federalization and demanding guarantees for national minorities in the territory of the would-be Ukrainian autonomy.

scholarly journals SOCIO-POLITICAL LITERATURE OF THE 1920'S ON THE “KORENIZATION” OF NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE UKRAINIAN SSR

2017 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
V. Kolesnyk
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Political Literature ◽  
Indigenous Cultures ◽  
Cultural Autonomy ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Marxist Ideology ◽  
National Question

The article analyses the process, how the socio-political literature of the 1920s presented the Bolshevik policy of so-called “korenization” (supporting development of indigenous cultures) of national communities on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR. The Bolsheviks skillfully made use of national, ethnic, linguistic and cultural factors for their authority’s consolidation and gaining support among all national communities of the USSR, including ethnic minorities in particular Soviet republics. In the socio-political literature of the 1920's both goals of that policy and its practical implementation were propagated. Even the party’s and state’s leaders could be authors of publications on this subject, together with officials directly implementing above mentioned policy, members of the People's Commissariat for Education of the Ukrainian SSR, and publicists. The publications were based on Marxist ideology and on party programme and other documents of the Bolshevik Party related to the national question. At the same time, those documents contained materials illustrating the practice of “korenization” policy, including so-called "Soviet construction" among national minorities, national-territorial administration, creation of national, cultural-educational institutions, elimination of illiteracy among ethnic groups and minorities, activity of “village (cultural) houses”, reading-houses, clubs and libraries, as well as publication of newspapers and magazines in the languages ​​of national minorities, preparation of national cadres, and, finally, successes and difficulties of “korenization”. However, the socio-political literature considered the temporary "national-cultural autonomy" of national minorities through the prism of the "cultural revolution", treating such policy as an important component of the plan for building socialism.

scholarly journals KEY AUDIT MATTERS PRACTICES IN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR: EVIDENCE OF MALAYSIAN MARKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
UMMI JUNAIDDA HASHIM ◽  
NORSIAH AHMAD ◽  
WAN AMALINA WAN ABDULLAH ◽  
ZALAILAH SALLEH
Keyword(s):  
Listed Company ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Revenue Recognition ◽  
Construction Company ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
The Subject ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Uncertainty

This paper examines the reporting of Key Audit Matters (KAMs) in independent auditor‟s report for construction sector in the Malaysian market. It also aims to identify whether the specific characteristics of construction company will influence the KAMs reporting for Malaysian companies. The sample covers all construction companies listed on Bursa Malaysia with available data one year upon the implementation of KAMs. This business sector has been the subject of the study due to the fact that construction sector, despite being a high-risk sector, is among important sectors that contribute to the development of the economy of a country. The objective of the study is achieved through content analysis. The maximum and minimum number of KAMs disclosed are six and one respectively for this sector. The main issue addressed as KAMs in construction sector is revenue. The revenue recognition in the construction sector is affected by the unexpected occurrences and this, in turn, will affect the estimated cost and profit. The findings discover that the practice on the KAMs disclosed has been critically assessed by the auditors, but there is exception on some of the practice. In the construction sector, the items listed as KAMs basically relates to areas that required a significant amount of judgement from auditors (matters that involve high uncertainty estimation). However, for some of the KAMsdisclosure, 24% of the sample do not highlight the reason of why the items listed as KAMs. This circumstance would provide questions whether auditors had dismissed the guidelines of the disclosure of KAMs or auditors did not understand the KAMs‟ practices comprehensively. Therefore, further monitoring is needed to ensure the successful implementation of KAMs. This study only covers a limited sample of one year upon implementation of KAMs. It provides an empirical data and description on Key audit matters (KAMs) disclosure in the independent auditor‟s report of the Malaysian Listed company.

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