We examine the strata of memory in Japan’s recollections of the wartime
experience and explore the shaping and releasing of memory in Japan, seeking to penetrate and
recover individual Japanese experience. Individual memories that seemed tightly contained,
when released were told with great emotional intensity and authenticity. That there has been
little public discourse does not mean that individual Japanese have forgotten that war, but
that the conflict – a war with no generally accepted name or firmly fixed start or end
– seems disconnected from the private memories of the wartime generation. Japan was
defeated thoroughly and completely, and in the history of memory we see no well-established
narrative form for telling the tale of the defeated. In Japan's public memory of the war, War
itself is often the enemy, and the Japanese its victims. Such a view is ahistorical and unsatisfactory to nations and peoples throughout Asia and the Pacific. The prevailing myths during Japan's war, developed and fostered over 15 years of conflict, and the overwhelming weight of more than three million war dead on the memories of the living forged a link between a desire to honour and cherish those lost and the ways the war is recalled in the public sphere. Enforced and encouraged by government policies and private associations, protecting the dead has become a means of avoiding a full discussion of the war. The memorials and monuments to the Dead that have been created throughout Japan, Asia, and the Pacific stand silent sentry to a Legend of the war. This must be challenged by the release into the public sphere of living memories of the War in all their ambiguity, complexity, and contradiction without which Japan’s Memory can have no historical veracity. Moreover, the memories of the Second World War of other peoples can never be complete without Japan’s story.
Metonyms of destruction: Death, ruination, and the bombing of Rotterdam in the Second World War