scholarly journals Organization of land use of territory of village of councils based on the landscape

2016 ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Fedir Kiptach ◽  
Iryna Koynova
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Total Community

The large-scale landscape maps necessity in developing projects and proposals for agriculture, forestry land-use and erosion protection were justified. Natural conditions of land-use in Nova Syniava community in Stara Syniava district in Khmelnytskyi region were described and analyses of land structure were made. Accordingly, land structure is characterized by ecologically destabilizing lands, including arable lands, lands that were withdrawn from agriculture production and forestry (outbuildings, houses, roads, open-casts, exterior use lands) are prevailing. They cover 80,6 % (in particular, arable lands – 71,8 %) of total community lands. And, vice versa, ecologically stabilizing lands (gardens, pastures, grasslands, shrubs, forest belts, forests, swamps, water covered lands) cover a small percentage – 19,4 of total research area. Therefore, erosive soils cover a significant percentage – 51,3 % of total area. Soil erosion caused decreasing of soil fertility and yields of agriculture. The average weighted losses of humus in arable horizon of soils (0–30 cm) compared with full-profile standard analogues are 0,5–0,6 %. First step of developing sustainable ecological landscape systems were justified by using a principle of land resource restoration and strengthening of their self-regulation through increasing the area of ecologically stabilized lands by low productivity lands and by their location with taking into consideration a complex morphological structure of landscape systems. Landscape systems of research area were classified by genesis and type of their economic use. Arable lands should cover no more than 52,4 % of the total community area. In particular, 16,1 % is recommended to use for field grain-steam tilled crop rotations and cultivating all agriculture crops of this zone by using intensive agriculture systems and the widespread introduction of their ecological links; 27,9 % is recommended to use for field grain-steam tilled crop rotations and cultivating all agriculture crops of this zone by using ecological systems of agriculture provided soil cultivation, sowing and caring for crops according to the elevation line directions. 8,4% is recommended to use for field grain-grass or grass-grain soil protected crop rotations with total exclusion of row crops. 38,8 % of total community land area should be covered by perennial plants (6,6 %), grasslands (17,0 %), shrubs and forest belts (0,31 %), forests (11,7 %), swamps (1,09 %), lands covered by water (1,2 %). Other 8,8 % are covered by outbuildings and houses (1,2 %), roads (2,0 %), opencasts (0,8 %) and exterior use lands (4,8 %). Key words: forest steppe, landscape systems, land-use, lands, crop rotations.

scholarly journals Optimization of the land use with considering of the landscape structure of the territory on the test sites

2018 ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Fedir Kiptach
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Total Community

The large-scale landscape maps necessity in developing projects and proposals for agriculture, forestry land-use and erosion protection were justified. Natural conditions of land-use in Babyno community in Stara Syniava district in Khmelnytsk region were described and analyses of the land structure were made. Accordingly, the land structure is characterised by ecologically destabilising lands, including arable lands, lands that were withdrawn from agriculture production and forestry (outbuildings, houses, roads, quarries, exterior use lands) are prevailing. They are covered 89.7 % (in particular, arable lands – 87.3 %) of total community lands. And, vice versa, ecologically stabilising lands (gardens, pastures, grasslands, shrubs, forest belts, forests, swamps, water covered lands) are covered a small percentage – 8.96 of the total research area. Therefore, soil erosion is covered 87.3 % of the total area − a significant percentage. Soil erosion caused decreasing of soil fertility and yields of agriculture. The average weighted losses of humus in the arable horizon of soils (0−30 cm) compared with full-profile standard analogues are 1.1 %. The first step of developing sustainable ecological landscape systems was justified by using a principle of land resource restoration and strengthening of their self-regulation through increasing the area of ecologically stabilised lands by low productivity lands and by their location with taking into consideration a complex morphological structure of landscape systems. Landscape systems of research area were classified by genesis and type of their economic use. Arable lands should cover no more than 45.4 % of the total community area. In particular, 2.6 % is recommended to use for field grain-steam tilled crop rotations and cultivating all agriculture crops of this zone by using intensive agriculture systems and the widespread introduction of their ecological links; 27.8 % is recommended to use for field grain-steam tilled crop rotations and cultivating all agriculture crops of this zone by using ecological systems of agriculture provided soil cultivation, sowing and caring for crops according to the elevation line directions. 15.0 % − for field grain-grass or grass-grain soil protected crop rotations with the total exclusion of row crops. 51.2 % of total community land area should be covered by perennial plants (1.6 %), grasslands (0.9 %), shrubs and forest belts (0.05 %), forests (27.1 %), swamps (0.21 %), lands covered by water (0.54 %). Other 3.4 % are covered by outbuildings and houses (1.2 %), roads (1.1 %), open-casts (0.2 %) and exterior use lands (0.9 %). The results of research helped to justify the rules of the rational use of land area in Babyno community and its analysis suggests that land area of the heavily dissected hills of the forest-steppe stabilising land should occupy at least 50−55 %. Conversely, destabilising – no more than 50−45 % (particularly arable land – 40−45 %). Key words: optimization of the land use, soil erosion, lands, landscape systems.

scholarly journals Legacies of past land use challenge grassland recovery – An example from dry grasslands on ancient burial mounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 113-132
Author(s):  
Balázs Deák ◽  
Orsolya Valkó ◽  
Csaba Albert Tóth ◽  
Ágnes Botos ◽  
Tibor József Novák
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Grassland Vegetation ◽  
Dry Grassland ◽  
Dry Grasslands ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Habitat Islands ◽  
Burial Mounds

Due to large-scale agricultural intensification, grasslands are often restricted to habitat islands in human-transformed landscapes. There are approximately half a million ancient burial mounds built by nomadic steppic tribes in the Eurasian steppe and forest steppe zones, which act as habitat islands for dry grassland vegetation. Land use intensification, such as arable farming and afforestation by non-native woody species are amongst the major threats for Eurasian dry grasslands, including grasslands on mounds. After the launch of the Good Agricultural and Environmental Condition framework of the European Union, in Hungary there is a tendency for ceasing crop production and cutting non-native woody plantations, in order to conserve these unique landmarks and restore the historical grassland vegetation on the mounds. In this study, restoration prospects of dry grassland habitats were studied on kurgans formerly covered by croplands and Robinia pseudoacacia plantations. Soil and vegetation characteristics were studied in thespontaneously recovering grasslands. The following questions were addressed: 1; How does site history affect the spontaneous grassland recovery? 2; Do residual soil nutrients play a role in grassland recovery? In former croplands, excess phosphorus, while in former Robinia plantations, excess nitrogen was present in the soil even four years after the land use change and grassland vegetation was in an early or mid-successional stage both on the mounds. The results showed that, without proper management measures, recovery of grassland vegetation is slow on mounds formerly used as cropland or black locust plantation. However, restoration efforts, focused on the restoration of mounds formerly covered by croplands, can be more effective compared to the restoration of mounds formerly covered by forest plantations.

Formation of botanical composition of clover cereal and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses depending on sowing method

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
I. Senyk
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Adverse Weather

Botanical composition of grasses is one of the most important indicators the biological value and quality of the obtained hay and pasture forage, the longevity of hayfi elds and pastures depend on. The issue of changing the botanical composition of agrophytocenoses is especially important in the context of global climate change, which in recent decades is also manifested in the territory of Ukraine, as it is possible to establish the most adapted species of legumes and cereals to adverse weather conditions and to identify eff ective technological methods of managing these processes for maximum conservation economically valuable species in the herbage. The purpose of the research is to establish the infl uence of diff erent ways of sowing of clover and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses on the formation of their botanical composition. Field studies have established diff erent eff ects of conventional in-line, cross-section and cross-sectional methods of sowing on the formation of botanical composition of grass mixtures of clover meadow (Trifolium pratense) varieties Sparta and Pavlyna with timothy meadow (Phleum pratense) and fenugreek multifl oral (Lolium multifl orum) and of agrophytocenoses of alfalfa of Sinyukha and Seraphima sowing varieties with reed fire (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) and middle wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia). For the average of four years of life of clover and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses, the highest proportion of legume component was observed with split-cross sowing – 51.6 % for Sparta, 53.1 % for Pavlyna, 60.3 % for Seraphima and 61.6 % for the Sinyukha variety. In the fourth year of life (the third year of use) of sowed leguminous-cereals agrophytocenoses, the preservation of the legume component was 14.6–15.5 % in clover-cereals grass mixtures with the Sparta variety and 16.0–16.8 % with the Pavlyna variety. In alfalfa grasslands, these indicators were 54.0–55.1 % with Seraphim and 55.0–56.2 % with Sinyukha. Among the studied varieties of clover meadow and alfalfa sowing proved better in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of western Pavlyna and Sinyukha. Cross-sectional and divided cross-sectional sowing of legumes and cereals mixtures proved to be better compared to conventional row crops in terms of conservation of economically valuable grass species. Key words: agrophytocenosis, botanical composition, clover meadow, alfalfa sowing, sowing methods.

The efficiency of the crop rotations with short rotation with different levels of their saturation of cereals and crops in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
R. Holod ◽  
О. Bilinska ◽  
H. Shubala
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Green Manure Crops

There were analyzed and disclosed the basic components of arable farming systems and their Meaning, the current state and scientific principles in the context of the further development of field crop cultivation in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe. The purpose of research. To study an effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Results. The results of researches on study of productivity of four-field crop rotations with short rotation depending on their saturation by the grain and tilled cultures, of various use of mineral fertilizers, green manure crops and collateral products which were conducted during 2014-2015 in the stationary experiment of the scientific and technological department of plant growing and arable farming, of the TDSGDS of the IKSGP of NAAN are resulted In the article. The elements of the biologization of farming are the basis of our development of crop rotations with short rotation. The study of the effect of green manure crops and collateral products in four-field crop rotations with a different set of crops on the change of soil fertility and productivity of crop rotations as a whole was carried out to this purpose. According to the results of the research, is provided the information on the effectiveness of improving the field crop rotations with short rotation with varying degrees of saturation by grain and tilled crops, that ensure the production of environmentally friendly products, reducing the cost of grain, improving the quality of marketable products. The study of the effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency showed that an increase in crop rotation productivity is observed in short-rotation crop rotations, if they are saturated by grain crops up to 100%, cereals crops reduction to 50% in crop rotations contributes to a decrease in crop productivity. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the research showed that with the correct construction of short rotational crop rotations, such problems as rational use of nutrients and soil moisture, control of weeds and pests of agricultural crops, improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increased efficiency in the use of fertilizers and equipment, Cheapening of the received agricultural product may be solved.

Segetal vegetation of the South Urals: the alliances Caucalidion Tx. ex von Rochow 1951 and Lactucion tataricae Rudakov in Mirkin et al. 1985

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-134
Author(s):  
G. R. Khasanova ◽  
S. M. Yamalov ◽  
M. V. Lebedeva ◽  
Z. Kh. Shigapov
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Central Position ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The South ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Chernozem Soils

Segetal, or weed, communities are the stands of the weed plant species which are formed under the influence of edafo-climatic conditions and the mode of soil disturbance within the processing of crop rotation (agrotechnical factor) (Mirkin, Naumova, 2012). This paper is the second part of weed community study in the South Ural, assigned to the class Papaveretea rhoeadis S. Brullo et al. 2001, syntaxon unites the weed communities of winter cereals with two orders: Aperetalia spica-venti J. Tx. et Tx. in Malato-Beliz et al. 1960 and Papaveretalia rhoeadis Hüppe et Hofmeister ex Theurillat et al. 1995; and three alliances (Khasanova et al., 2018). Data on diversity, floristic, ecological and spatial differentiation of mesoxeric and xeric weed communities of the alliances Caucalidion Tx. ex von Rochow 1951 and Lactucion tataricae Rudakov in Mirkin et al. 1985 in steppe and southern part of the forest-steppe zones are given (Table 1; Fig. 1). The dataset contains 756 relevés: 647 made by authors during the field seasons of 2002–2018, while 109 taken from published monography (Mirkin et al., 1985). The alliance Caucalidion combines weed communities on rich carbonate chernozem soils in the forest-steppe zone. Diagnostic species are Galeopsis bifida, G. ladanum, Galium aparine, Erodium cicutarium, Persicaria lapathifolia, Silene noctiflora, Thlaspi arvense. This alliance occupies the central position within class between communities of forest zone of the alliance Scleranthion annui and these of the steppe zone of the alliance Lactucion tataricae. The last alliance combines weed communities of the steppe zone and southern part of the forest-steppe one on south and typical chernozem soils. Two species are diagnostic: Lactuca tatarica and Panicum miliaceum. Alliances are differentiated in sample plot species richness and coenoflora: 145 species in alliance Caucalidion coenoflora (mean species number per plot is 16), and 207 species in that of Lactucion tataricae (consequently 13 species). There are 8 associations, 4 subassociations, 6 variants, 1 unrank community within these two alliances, among which 5 associations and all subassociations are new. The alliance Caucalidion includes 4 associations with spatiall and crop differentiation, which are mainly character for the forest-steppe part of the Trans-Urals within the bounds of forest-steppe region of the eastern slope of the Southern Urals. Two associations are new: Cannabio ruderalis–Galeopsietum ladani ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 2; holotypus hoc loco — rele­vé 7) unites weed communities of winter, less often — spring crops; Lycopsio arvensis–Camelinetum microcarpae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 4; holotypus hoc loco — relevé 3) unites weed communities of row crops, mainly sunflower, less often — cereals. In the same area the communities of the ass. Cannabio ruderalis–Sinapietum arvensis Rudakov in Mirkin et al. 1985 (Table 3) unite the weed communities of mainly winter cereals — wheat and rye. These communities, described in 1980s, previously were widespread in the Trans-Urals (Mirkin et al., 1985), while now occur locally in the northern part of this area. The communities of ass. Centaureo cyani–Stachyetum annuae Abramova in Mirkin et al. 1985, also described in the 1980s, were not found in the 2010s. The diversity of the most xerophytic alliance Lactucion tataricae is represented by 4 associations which occur both in the Trans-Urals and the Cis-Urals. The most common in the last area are weed row crops (beet, nute, flax, sunflower, corn, peas, buckwheat) communities of the ass. Echinochloo crusgalli–Panicetum miliacei ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 5; holotypus hoc loco — relevé 5. They are common in five natural districts: Predbelskiy forest-steppe one, forest and fo­rest-steppe of Belebey Upland, Cis-Urals steppe one, forest and forest-steppe one on Zilair Plateu, and Zabelskiy district of the broad-leaved forests. The weed communities of spring and winter cereals of the ass. Lathyro tuberosi–Convolvuletum arvensis ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 6; holotypus hoc loco — relevé 5) are common only within the Cis-Urals steppe district. The communities of ass. Lactuco serriolae–Tripleurospermetum inodori ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 7; holotypus hoc loco — relevé 2) which unites the weed communities of winter cereals, are common in the steppe zone and the southern part of the forest steppe one of the Trans-Urals and the Cis-Urals within the Cis-Urals steppe, Trans-Urals steppe, and Predbelskiy forest-steppe districts. The communities of the ass. Lactucetum tataricae Rudakov in Mirkin et al. 1985 are associated exclusively with the steppe zone of the Trans-Urals. The Lactuca tatarica community (Table 8), distributed in the steppe and southern part of the forest steppe zones of the Trans-Urals, probably is derived from the ass. Lactucetum tataricae under the intensive chemical weeding of cereal crops. Floristic differentiation of associations is confirmed by the results of the ordination analysis (Fig. 2), the diagram of which shows the distribution of communities along the moisture (first axis) and the complex soil richness–salinity gradient and agrocoenotic factor (second axis).

Classification of woody-shrub vegetation of the forest-steppe complex of Privolzhskaya Upland

2009 ◽  
pp. 27-53
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kudryavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Vegetation Mapping ◽  
Vegetation Classification ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mapping Data

Diversity of plant communities in the nature reserve “Privolzhskaya Forest-Steppe”, Ostrovtsovsky area, is analyzed on the basis of the large-scale vegetation mapping data from 2000. The plant community classi­fication based on the Russian ecologic-phytocoenotic approach is carried out. 12 plant formations and 21 associations are distinguished according to dominant species and a combination of ecologic-phytocoenotic groups of species. A list of vegetation classification units as well as the characteristics of theshrub and woody communities are given in this paper.

scholarly journals Enriching plant diversity in grasslands by large-scale experimental sward disturbance and seed addition along gradients of land-use intensity

2016 ◽  
pp. rtw062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin H. Klaus ◽  
Deborah Schäfer ◽  
Till Kleinebecker ◽  
Markus Fischer ◽  
Daniel Prati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Use Intensity ◽  
Seed Addition

scholarly journals Current Wildland Fire Patterns and Challenges in Europe: A Synthesis of National Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117862212110281
Author(s):  
Nieves Fernandez-Anez ◽  
Andrey Krasovskiy ◽  
Mortimer Müller ◽  
Harald Vacik ◽  
Jan Baetens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Wildland Fires ◽  
Fire Statistics ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fire Patterns

Changes in climate, land use, and land management impact the occurrence and severity of wildland fires in many parts of the world. This is particularly evident in Europe, where ongoing changes in land use have strongly modified fire patterns over the last decades. Although satellite data by the European Forest Fire Information System provide large-scale wildland fire statistics across European countries, there is still a crucial need to collect and summarize in-depth local analysis and understanding of the wildland fire condition and associated challenges across Europe. This article aims to provide a general overview of the current wildland fire patterns and challenges as perceived by national representatives, supplemented by national fire statistics (2009–2018) across Europe. For each of the 31 countries included, we present a perspective authored by scientists or practitioners from each respective country, representing a wide range of disciplines and cultural backgrounds. The authors were selected from members of the COST Action “Fire and the Earth System: Science & Society” funded by the European Commission with the aim to share knowledge and improve communication about wildland fire. Where relevant, a brief overview of key studies, particular wildland fire challenges a country is facing, and an overview of notable recent fire events are also presented. Key perceived challenges included (1) the lack of consistent and detailed records for wildland fire events, within and across countries, (2) an increase in wildland fires that pose a risk to properties and human life due to high population densities and sprawl into forested regions, and (3) the view that, irrespective of changes in management, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and impact of wildland fires in the coming decades. Addressing challenge (1) will not only be valuable in advancing national and pan-European wildland fire management strategies, but also in evaluating perceptions (2) and (3) against more robust quantitative evidence.

scholarly journals Land Use Spatial Optimization for Sustainable Wood Utilization at the Regional Level: A Case Study from Vietnam

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Nguyen Dang Cuong ◽  
Köhl Michael ◽  
Mues Volker
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Landscape Restoration ◽  
Forest Landscape Restoration ◽  
Wood Utilization

Forest landscape restoration is a widely accepted approach to sustainable forest management. In addition to revitalizing degraded sites, forest landscape restoration can increase the supply of sustainable timber and thereby reduce logging in natural forests. The current study presents a spatial land use optimization model and utilizes a linear programming algorithm that integrates timber production and timber processing chains to meet timber demand trade-offs and timber supply. The objective is to maximize yield and profit from forest plantations under volatile timber demands. The model was parameterized for a case study in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam, where most forest plantations grow Acacia mangium (A. mangium). Data were obtained from field surveys on tree growth, as well as from questionnaires to collect social-economic information and determine the timber demand of local wood processing mills. The integration of land use and wood utilization approaches reduces the amount of land needed to maintain a sustainable timber supply and simultaneously leads to higher yields and profits from forest plantations. This forest management solution combines economic and timber yield aspects and promotes measures focused on economic sustainability and land resource efficiency.

Introduction: Configuring the Green New Deal

2021 ◽  
pp. 103530462110176
Author(s):  
Anna Sturman ◽  
Natasha Heenan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
Political Project ◽  
The Right

We introduce a themed collection of articles on approaches to configuring a Green New Deal as a response to the current capitalist crisis marked by ecological breakdown, economic stagnation and growing inequality. The Green New Deal is a contested political project, with pro-market, right-wing nationalist, Keynesian, democratic socialist and ecosocialist variants. Critiques of the Green New Deal include pragmatic queries as the feasibility of implementation, and theoretical challenges from the right regarding reliance on state forms and from the left regarding efforts to ameliorate capitalism. They also include concerns about technocratic bias and complaints about lack of meaningful consultation with Indigenous peoples on proposals for large-scale shifts in land use. Debates over the ideological orientation, political strategy and implementation of the Green New Deal must now account for the economic and employment impacts of COVID. JEL Codes: Q43, Q54, Q56, Q58

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document