Assessing the Effects of School Resources on Student Performance: An Update

1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Hanushek
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
School Resources ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Consistent Relationship ◽  
Educational Production ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between school resources and student achievement has been controversial, in large part because it calls into question a variety of traditional policy approaches. This article reviews the available educational production literature, updating previous summaries. The close to 400 studies of student achievement demonstrate that there is not a strong or consistent relationship between student performance and school resources, at least after variations in family inputs are taken into account. These results are also reconciled with meta-analytic approaches and with other investigations on how school resources affect labor market outcomes. Simple resource policies hold little hope for improving student outcomes.

Immigration and Labor Market Outcomes in U.S. Metropolitan Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-652
Author(s):  
Allen Hyde ◽  
Michael Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
The United States ◽  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

Two broad orientations have motivated scholarship on the relationship between immigration and labor market outcomes in the United States. The first, the supply-side perspective, often focuses on how immigration affects a variety of outcomes such as unemployment, casualization, and earnings inequality. The second, the demand-side perspective, generally contends that these labor market outcomes result mainly from economic restructuring that subsequently attracts immigrants to labor markets. Previous studies have often reached divergent conclusions due to differing assumptions about the direction of causality in these relationships. In this paper, we use three-stage least squares regression, a technique that allows for nonrecursive relationships, to adjudicate the direction of causality between immigration and labor market outcomes. Using 2010 data for 366 U.S. metropolitan statistical areas, we find support for the demand-side perspective, or that economic restructuring results in higher unemployment, casualization, and earnings inequality, which subsequently increases levels of immigration in metropolitan labor markets.

Economic freedom, homeownership, and state labor market conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren R. Heller ◽  
E. Frank Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Research Finding ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reconcile research finding that labor market outcomes are related to economic freedom for entrepreneurs and separate research finding that higher homeownership rates are associated with more unemployment. Design/methodology/approach – Using panel data covering the 50 states over 1981-2009, this paper analyzes the relationship between labor market conditions, economic freedom, and homeownership rates. Findings – The results indicate that economic freedom is associated with favorable labor market conditions but that the relationship between homeownership and poor labor market outcomes is small and insignificant in most specifications once economic freedom is accounted for. Originality/value – This paper is the first paper to examine the relationship between labor market outcomes and both homeownership and economic freedom. The results suggest that the economic environment for entrepreneurs is more important than any rigidities created by homeownership.

Illicit Drug Use and Labor Market Outcomes: A Review of Economic Theory and its Empirical Implications

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kaestner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, I outline the economic theory pertinent to the analysis of the effect of drug use on labor market outcomes. I argue that the complex behavioral links that underlie the relationship between drug use and labor market outcomes make it necessary to explicitly model the process that determines both of these outcomes. Only then can effective empirical strategies be developed that will yield credible estimates of the causal effect of drug use on labor market outcomes. Economic theory is well suited to this task since at its core it is a behavioral model of individual choice. I also discuss some methodological strategies that can be used to address the empirical problems associated with estimating such a structural model.

Weak Ties, Information, and Influence: How Workers Find Jobs in a Local Russian Labor Market

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Yakubovich
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Weak Ties ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Timely Access ◽  
Strength Of Weak Ties ◽  
The Relationship

In 1973 Granovetter formulated the strength-of-weak-ties hypothesis (SWT), which became the foundation of a vast sociological literature on social networks in labor markets. Until now, SWT has never been directly tested but treated instead as a surrogate for the relationship between an actor's network and labor market outcomes such as characteristics of a job obtained. The paper restates SWT as a proposition about the probability of getting a job as a function of within-actor differences in tie strength and tests it with data on hires carried out in one Russian city in 1998. In support of SWT, the results show that a worker is more likely to get a job through one of her weak ties rather than strong ties. The advantages of weak ties lie in their abilities to provide timely access to non-redundant information and to influence employers directly. In contrast, strong ties are associated with indirect influence on employers through well-connected intermediaries. The estimates come from a within-worker fixed-effect conditional logistic regression and thereby provide rare evidence of an association between information and influence transferred through social ties and labor market outcomes, independent of workers' individual characteristics.

scholarly journals Marriage Networks, Nepotism, and Labor Market Outcomes in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shing-Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Identification Strategy

This paper considers the role of marriage in improving labor market outcomes through the expansion of an individual's networks. I focus on the impact of the relationship with the father-in-law on a young man's career using panel data from China. The identification strategy isolates the network effects related to a man's father-in-law by examining the post-marriage death of a father-in-law. The estimates suggest that the loss of the father-in-law translates into a decrease in a man's earnings of 7 percent. (JEL D85, J12, J31, O15, P23, P36, Z13)

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