Passing Reading First: Prominence and Processes in an Elite Policy Network

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil Miskel ◽  
Mengli Song
Keyword(s):  
Reading Achievement ◽  
Reading First ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Policy Network ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Issue Networks ◽  
Open Issue ◽  
Reading First Initiative

Reading became a hotbed of policy activity during the 1990s with both state and federal policymakers launching major initiatives to raise reading achievement. When President George W. Bush introduced his Reading First initiative in early 2001, we saw a unique opportunity to investigate the policy processes, antecedents, and unplanned events surrounding an important and potentially controversial initiative. We began with the assumption that major policy changes are typically made by powerful actors operating in relatively open issue networks. In regard to the Reading First legislation, however, we found a small clique of inside policy entrepreneurs who fashioned major changes in a short period. Upon recognizing this condition, we expanded the research purpose to describe the actions of this insider policy group.

Manoeuvring within a Fragmented Bureaucracy: Policy Entrepreneurship in China's Local Healthcare Reform

2018 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 1088-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Jingwei He
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Reform ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurship ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Interactional Patterns ◽  
Local Healthcare

AbstractPolicy entrepreneurs play a pivotal role in policy changes in both electoral democracies and authoritarian systems. By investigating the case of healthcare reform in Sanming City, this article illustrates how the fragmented bureaucracy in China enables and constrains local policy entrepreneurs, and how entrepreneurial manoeuvring succeeds in realigning the old institutional structures while attacking the vested interests. Both structural conditions and individual attributes are of critical importance to the success of policy entrepreneurship. Four factors and their dynamic interactions are central to local policy entrepreneurship: behavioural traits, political capital, network position and institutional framework. This study furthers theoretical discussion on policy entrepreneurship by elucidating the fluidity of interactional patterns between agent and structure in authoritarian China. The malleability of rigid institutions can be considerably increased by the active manoeuvring of entrepreneurial agents.

scholarly journals Reading Achievement in Reading First Schools in Michigan

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne F. Carlisle ◽  
Kai S. Cortina ◽  
Ji Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Reading Achievement ◽  
Reading First

scholarly journals POLICY ENTREPRENEURS DAN JARINGAN KEBIJAKAN PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI ERA DESENTRALISASI

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ronald Philips Letor
Keyword(s):  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Policy Network

Salah satu indikator kemiskinan mainstream dalam kebijakan pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia adalah kondisi rumah yang ditempati oleh masyarakat. Indikator ini ditetapkan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik untuk menilai kelayakan rumah masyarakat dari bahan bangunan, syarat kesehatan dan kepemilikan. Hal tersebut menggerakan pemerintah pusat dan daerah untuk merumuskan kebijakan perbaikan dan pembangunan rumah layak huni bagi masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah. Alih-alih sebagai usaha pengentasan kemiskinan, policy entrepreneurs telah menegasikan isu arsitektur tradisional berbasis ramah lingkungan, ramah bencana dan hemat energi, sehingga program kemiskinan ini gagal terintegrasi sejak tahap agenda-setting. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis dokumen untuk mengelaborasi kondisi struktural dan jaringan kebijakan (policy network) yang menyebabkan kegagalan tersebut dan implikasinya melalui studi kasus program Perbaikan Rumah Tidak Layak Huni (Rutilahu) pada masa pemerintahan Gubernur Jawa Barat periode 2013-2018, Achmad Heriawan.

Pedagogies for the Poor? Realigning Reading Instruction for Low-Income Students With Scientifically Based Reading Research

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 564-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Cummins
Keyword(s):  
No Child Left Behind ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Reading First ◽  
High Stakes Testing ◽  
Reading Engagement ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
Phonics Instruction ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Reading First Initiative

In this article, the author argues that there is minimal scientific support for the pedagogical approaches promoted for low-income students in the federal Reading First initiative. In combination with high-stakes testing, the interpretation of the construct systematic phonics instruction in Reading First has resulted in highly teacher-centered and inflexible classroom environments. By privileging these approaches, Reading First ignored the National Reading Panel’s finding that systematic phonics instruction was unrelated to reading comprehension for low-achieving and normally achieving students beyond Grade 1. Also ignored was the significant body of research suggesting that reading engagement is an important predictor of achievement. Alternative evidence-based directions for rebalancing reading instruction for low-income students are suggested in the context of the impending reauthorization of the No Child Left Behind legislation.

The Policy Response to Declining Fertility Rates in Japan: Relying on Logic and Hope Over Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J SCHOPPA
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Baby Boomer Generation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industrialized Nations

Abstract Why are women (and men) in advanced industrialized nations having fewer babies, and is there anything society can do to encourage more procreation? Over the past three decades, governments have become interested in these questions as societies squeezed between an aging baby boomer generation and a shrinking base of taxpayers have searched for ways to ‘cure’ their declining fertility problem. Social science has not identified any consistent policy solution to this problem, but that has not stopped policy entrepreneurs from presenting available evidence in ways that promote work–life balance policies as the ‘cure’. This article examines how Japan has adopted policies from this menu over the past three decades, in hopes of boosting fertility rates. The absence of a strong rebound, despite these policy changes, suggests that policy entrepreneurs have oversold childcare services and parental leave as the solution. What may be needed to increase rates, Japan’s experience suggests, are far-reaching changes in norms governing gender roles, the demands employers can make on employees, and ideas about what it means to be a ‘family’.

Analysis of road transport energy consumption and emissions: a case study

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sainu Franco ◽  
Venkata Ravibabu Mandla
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Short Period

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the growing energy consumption pattern and emissions due to increasing vehicular density in the Vellore district. The transport demand in Indian cities has increased substantially over the past few years. Increasing household incomes and economic development in cities have added to this growing demand. Design/methodology/approach – The growth of Vellore town currently is such that in a short period of time, the development is likely to engulf the entire district as one big city, as it happened for Chennai. It is at a transitional stage where it is possible to bring about certain policy changes to prevent the catastrophic effects of urbanization. To test the objectives of the study, statistical and mathematical tools such as mean, coefficient of variation, correlation and regression models are used. Growth of vehicle population in Tamil Nadu in general and Vellore in particular are analyzed by computing the percentage rate of change and trend rate of growth. Findings – A study of the past four years shows a tremendous growth in the number of two-wheelers, while the number of buses has declined. The study also shows that public transport fuel consumption is < 20 per cent of the overall fuel consumption. The emission of all greenhouse gases is rising and it shows a linear growth. The increase in emission of CO2 is most alarming. Research limitations/implications – The diversity of sources that have been combined together implies a consequent reduction in accuracy. Data from different sources had different geographical boundaries (state, district, region and country). Thus, the data had to be translated to the relevant geographical area by using proportionality ratio. This manipulation does impact on the accuracy of the used data. Practical implications – This article provides a framework that can inform decisions makers on consequences in the absence of timely intervention and policy changes. Originality/value – Road transport is an inherently complex sector as it deals with a very large number of individual vehicles and factors of influence. The findings have implications for government in general and policy-makers in particular. This article puts together data of a particularly vulnerable region at a time when policy changes could bring about lasting beneficial effects. This region has not been included in any previous research.

scholarly journals Second Opinions on the Reading First Initiative: The View from Utah

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice A. Dole ◽  
John L. Hosp ◽  
Kristin L. Nelson ◽  
Michelle K. Hosp
Keyword(s):  
Reading First ◽  
Reading First Initiative

scholarly journals Emerging Policy Entrepreneurs and Their Potential After the Great East Japan Earthquake

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 962-966
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Mitsui ◽  
◽  
Yu Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Policy Decision ◽  
Policy Innovation ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurship ◽  
Great Support ◽  
The Government ◽  
Collaborative Efforts ◽  
Local Levels

This study highlights new facts regarding the rise of local human resources during the policy decision process by reviewing policy entrepreneurs active in areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Specifically, the study reviews these stakeholders concerning the definitions and frameworks of prior research as well as the discussed development of policy entrepreneurs. A policy entrepreneur has been defined as “an energetic actor that conducts collaborative efforts within and around the government to promote policy innovation.” This study provides a comparative analysis of how the five strategies, as a requirement for establishing policy entrepreneurs, have been used to implement policy changes. Two cases are selected to confirm the extent to which they have utilized their respective strategies. The results reveal that both individuals have become active at their respective national and local levels by adopting the five strategies, despite there being differences in the extent of adoption. The recognition of the new existence of “policy entrepreneurs” could offer great support and identity to NPOs in disaster-afflicted areas. Promoting policy entrepreneurship could present a powerful message from the disaster-afflicted areas in Tohoku that could be shared with the entire nation of Japan, particularly considering recent times, when innovation has become necessary in Japan’s public domain.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Land-Use Input Conditions on Flow and Sediment Discharge in the Dakbla Watershed, Central Highlands of Vietnam

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Vo Ngoc Quynh Tram ◽  
Hiroaki Somura ◽  
Toshitsugu Moroizumi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Simulation Performance ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Better Than

The main objective of this study was to evaluate various land-use input conditions in terms of the performance improvement found in consequent flow and sediment simulations. The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was applied to the Dakbla watershed from 2000 to 2018. After the calibration and validation processes, dissimilar effects between the input conditions on the flow and sediment simulations were confirmed. It was recognized that the impact of the land use on the sediment simulation was more sensitive than with the flow simulation. Additionally, through monthly evaluation, the effects against the flow and sediment in the rainy season were larger than those in the dry season, especially for sediment simulation in the last three months from October to December. Changing land-use conditions could improve flow and sediment simulation performance better than the performance found with static land-use conditions. Updated land-use inputs should be considered in simulations if the given land-use condition changes in a relatively short period because of frequent land-use policy changes by a local government.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document