scholarly journals LANDFILLS VOLUME INCREASE WITH REINFORCED SOIL EMBANKMENTS: BASIC THEORY AND CASE STUDIES

Detritus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Daniele Cazzuffi ◽  
Piergiorgio Recalcati
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Reinforced Soil ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Soil Structures ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Social Confrontation

The construction of controlled landfills, either for municipal or industrial wastes, is currently acknowledged worldwide as a 'social need". Indeed, today one of the main societal issues is the identification of an optimal means of disposing of the huge quantities of urban and industrial waste produced on a daily basis by individuals and factories. The task of environmental engineers is to design landfill systems capable to prevent any pollution to the water, the air, and the surrounding fauna and human life. In densely populated countries, the first problem to be solved is the location of the landfill. This social confrontation often leads to locate the landfill not in most geologically and geotechnically suited site, but in marginal areas which finally satisfy all the fighting communities. More and more geosynthetics are used to solve the problems associated with landfills located in marginal areas. The use of geogrids to construct steep reinforced embankments with the aim to increase the volume of wastes that can be disposed and at the same time to increase the stability of the wastes themselves, is getting more and more diffused. The paper describes the use of geosynthetics reinforced soil structures to increase the landfill volume with reinforced soil embankments. Some examples of structures already constructed, either for industrial or municipal wastes landfills, are described.

Confining degree of reinforced soil structures

2020 ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
R.A. Sofronie ◽  
V. Feodorov
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Soil ◽  
Soil Structures

scholarly journals Rise and Decay of the COVID-19 Epidemics in the USA and the State of New York in the First Half of 2020: A Nonlinear Physics Perspective Yielding Novel Insights

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Till D. Frank
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Stability

As of December 2020, since the beginning of the year 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has claimed worldwide more than 1 million lives and has changed human life in unprecedented ways. Despite the fact that the pandemic is far from over, several countries managed at least temporarily to make their first-wave COVID-19 epidemics to subside to relatively low levels. Combining an epidemiological compartment model and a stability analysis as used in nonlinear physics and synergetics, it is shown how the first-wave epidemics in the state of New York and nationwide in the USA developed through three stages during the first half of the year 2020. These three stages are the outbreak stage, the linear stage, and the subsiding stage. Evidence is given that the COVID-19 outbreaks in these two regions were due to instabilities of the COVID-19 free states of the corresponding infection dynamical systems. It is shown that from stage 1 to stage 3, these instabilities were removed, presumably due to intervention measures, in the sense that the COVID-19 free states were stabilized in the months of May and June in both regions. In this context, stability parameters and key directions are identified that characterize the infection dynamics in the outbreak and subsiding stages. Importantly, it is shown that the directions in combination with the sign-switching of the stability parameters can explain the observed rise and decay of the epidemics in the state of New York and the USA. The nonlinear physics perspective provides a framework to obtain insights into the nature of the COVID-19 dynamics during outbreak and subsiding stages and allows to discuss possible impacts of intervention measures. For example, the directions can be used to determine how different populations (e.g., exposed versus symptomatic individuals) vary in size relative to each other during the course of an epidemic. Moreover, the timeline of the computationally obtained stages can be compared with the history of the implementation of intervention measures to discuss the effectivity of such measures.

scholarly journals Literacy Culture Development through Class Library at SDIT Salsabila 2 Klaseman Ngaglik Sleman

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-203
Author(s):  
Ahmad Safi'i
Keyword(s):  
Life Skills ◽  
Human Life ◽  
School Library ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Class Library ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Culture Development

Life skills are proven to be able to improve human civilization.  Improving literacy culture is one way to develop human life skills.  The National Literacy Movement/ Gerakan Literasi Nasional (GLN) initiated by the government is an effort to realize it.  SDIT Salsabila 2 Klaseman has a Class Literacy Movement/ Gerakan Literasi Kelas (GLK) program.  The limited space available is not a reason to discourage GLK.  This type of research was case study field research.  The institution studied was SDIT Salsabila 2 Klaseman.  The subjects consisted teachers, principals, students and parents.  Data was obtained by observation, interviews and documentation steps.  Analysis was performed by using data reduction techniques, data display, triangulation, and conclusion drawing/verification.  The data showed that the main purpose of GLK was to intensify the culture of school literacy, library revitalization, and maintain the stability of school library functions.  The technical implementation is by creating a class library in each class, fostering a sense of belonging to the class library, supplying books from the school library to the class library, providing educational playgrounds in the area of the class library, giving rewards for students who are diligent in reading, achievements are informed in public, and explore the student guardian support. The problems that arise are the lack of teacher exemplariness, lack of consistency, supply of books from school libraries is still small, and the system of re-education has not been orderly.

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