Development of Soil-Borne Infections in Spring Wheat and Barley as Influenced by Hydrothermal Stress in the Forest-Steppe Conditions of Western Siberia and the Urals

In a long-term places, located on the experimental fields of Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture (Omsk), the schemes of field crop rotations were modernized by introducing oil crops (rapeseed, soybean) into rotation and replacing the repeated wheat crops with barley and oats. Accounting of grain crops productivity and accompanying observations were carried out in three field rotations of different lengths of rotation (four- and five-field) and on permanent sowing. The repetition of the experiments is fourfold. The system of agrotechnical measures recommended for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia was applied. The study of predecessors in the cultivation of crops for various purposes was carried out in field experiments using conventional methods. The humus content for rotation in the soil layer of 0-40 cm increased by 0.19% in the crop rotation “rapeseed - wheat spring wheat - barley - soybean - spring wheat”. The largest accumulation of humus (0.83%) was in the rotation “soybean - spring wheat - barley – oats”. During the years of research wheat productivity varied from 0.82 to 2.22 tons per hectare. Wheat was the first crop in all its predecessors to form grains, on average, by 0.3-0.5 tons per hectare, than the second crop. The yield of soybeans in the crop rotation was 1.23-1.78 tons per hectare. The productivity of rapeseed was low, its productivity over the years was 1.31 tons per hectare. Grain-fodder crops (barley, oats) averaged 0.4-0.6 tons per hectare, higher than the spring wheat productivity in the alternating rotation. The maximum yield of grain from a hectare of arable land was noted in the crop-steam rotation and amounted to 1.7 tons. An increase in the yield of feed-protein units was observed in crop rotations saturated with oil crops (rapeseed and soybean) and amounted to 3.4-4.0 tons per hectare. The economic calculation showed that the cultivation of field crops in the rotational crop rotation of “soybean - wheat - barley – oats” increased profitability by 44%, net income - by half, in comparison with the control variant. The obtained materials can be used to develop schemes of field crop rotations for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

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The influence of mineral fertilizers on the mass of plant-root residues of grain crops on chernozem soils of the Western Siberia

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213603007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 03007

Author(s):

D.V. Eremina

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Mineral Nutrition ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Plant Root ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Soil Science ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Grain Crops ◽

Chernozem Soils

The influence of various levels of mineral nutrition on the accumulation of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia is studied. The natural agricultural background of leached chernozem was taken as a control. The research was carried out at the station of the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. In the experiment, various doses of mineral fertilizers were used, ensuring the yield of grain crops from 3.0 to 6.0 t/ha. It was found that the mass of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats has no significant differences and depends on the level of mineral nutrition. On the natural agricultural background, the mass of plant-root residues is 3.24-3.88 t/ha. Fertilization increases the yield of grain crops to 6.0 t/ha, and also increases the amount of plant-root residues: spring wheat - 4.47; oats – 6.04 t/ha. Increasing the doses of mineral fertilizers reduces the ratio of yield to the mass of plant-root residues from 1:1.6 to 1:1.10 units. It was found that almost half of the root system of spring wheat and oats is located in a layer of 0-10 cm, while the share of roots in a layer of 30-40 cm accounts for no more than 16% of the mass.

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Spring wheat productivity and grain quality in the crop rotation of the foreststeppe of Western Siberia

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2021-76-4-54-60 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 54-60

Author(s):

L. V. Yushkevich ◽

I. V. Pakhotina ◽

А. G. Shchitov

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Spring Bread Wheat ◽

Noticeable Effect ◽

Agricultural Technologies ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Cultivation Technology

Spring bread wheat is cultivated in the Omsk region, mainly in grain-fallow crop rotations, repeated and perma[1]nent crops, less in crop-changing rotations and occupies up to 73% of the grain share of Western Siberia. Soybean crops are growing in the region, but at the same time, there have not been sufficiently studied the peculiarities of the cultivation technology of spring wheat sown after this forecrop. The purpose of the current study was to establish the efficiency of agricultural cultivation technologies of spring wheat in the crop rotation sown after soybean in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The study was carried out in a stationary crop rotation with alternating crops (soy[1]beans – spring wheat – oil flax – barley) in the laboratory for resource-saving agricultural technologies of the Omsk Research Center on meadow-blackearth soil in 2011–2019. There has been established that the soil cultivation system and the means of intensification influenced the elements of fertility and the phytosanitary state of the agrophytocenosis of spring wheat sown after soybean. With subsurface plowing, in comparison with moldboard plowing, there was an increase in biomass and number of weeds on 21 and 43%, respectively. The use of chemicals resulted in a significant increase in spring wheat biomass (on 1.8 times) and a decrease in number of weeds (on 3.3 times), which had a noticeable effect on the productivity. Productivity of wheat sown after soybeans decreased with a decrease in tillage intensity from moldboard plowing to subsurface plowing on 16%. The intensive cultivation technology of spring wheat increased its productivity up to 3.32 t / ha, the protein and gluten content in grain on 16–18%. As for chemicals, the maximum grain number increase on 28.2% was provided by the use of fungicides compared to the control (1.46 t/ha).

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On Early Medieval Contacts of the Urals and Western Siberia with Central Asia: The Evidence of Ceramics

Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia ◽

10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.068-077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 68-77

Author(s):

N. P. Matveeva

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Central Asia ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

The Urals ◽

Early Medieval ◽

Specific Culture ◽

The 1960S ◽

Burial Rite

The study focuses on the Kushnarenkovo-type ceramics from sites in the Cis-Urals and those from sites of the Bakalskaya culture in Western Siberia (300–800 AD). This type was first described in the 1960s as an indicator of major migrations relating to Magyar origins. The analysis of forms, technology, and decoration makes it possible to identify imported ware from local replicas of the Aral ceramics. Certain vessels from the Dzhetyasar cemeteries Altynasar-4, Bedaikasar-2, Kosasar-2 and -3, and Tompakasar, owned by museums, can be attributed to the Bakalskaya culture, whereas others were prototypes for replicas manufactured in the forest-steppe zone. The statistical analysis of the burial rite of contemporaneous Uralian and Western Siberian cultures reveals no features correlating with Kushnarenkovo vessels. These facts, along with the analysis of decorated utensils, coins, prestigious ornaments, and belt sets, evidence intense caravan trade between the Urals, Western Siberia, and Kazakhstan. Rather than an indicator of a specific culture, then, the Kushnarenkovo ceramics indicate a subculture of upper social strata, served by itinerant craftsmen or by manufacturers at trade factories.

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Lacewing insects (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae) Neuroptera insects (Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae) according to different spring wheat cultivation practices in the northern forest-steppe of Western Siberia

Euroasian Entomological Journal ◽

10.15298/euroasentj.19.2.03 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 67-74

Author(s):

I. G. Bokina

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Northern Forest ◽

Wheat Cultivation ◽

Cultivation Practices

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The Complexes with Flat-Bottomed Ceramics in the Neolithic of the Urals and Western Siberia: Current State of the Problems of Study

Vestnik NSU Series History and Philology ◽

10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-7-34-43 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 34-43

Author(s):

Nataliia M. Chairkina ◽

Evgenyi M. Besprozvannyi ◽

Vyacheslav I. Molodin

Keyword(s):

Western Siberia ◽

Scientific Activity ◽

Upper Paleolithic ◽

Northern Eurasia ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

The Urals ◽

Archaeological Material ◽

The North ◽

Current State ◽

Late Stages

Purpose. Archaeological science has intensively developed in the last few decades. The methodology is being improved, the number of investigated objects is increasing, and archaeological material is accumulating. One of the most important aspects of scientific activity is the integration of the results of work into the scientific community. Results. On March 16–19, 2020, a scientific seminar named “The complexes with flat-bottomed ceramics in the Neolithic of the Urals and Western Siberia: typology, technology, chronology, genesis” was held in Yekaterinburg. More than 50 leading specialists came from the Urals, Western Siberia, Germany and Japan. The set of reports were presented, each presentation was followed by a discussion. The participants had an opportunity to examine the collections of the archaeological sites with flat-bottomed pottery. At the final discussion, a number of serious conclusions were made. They are relevant for the entire region of Northern Eurasia, not only for the Urals and Western Siberia. Conclusion. It has been confirmed that flat-bottomed pottery appeared in Western Siberia and the Urals in the 7th millennium BC. The earliest complexes were discovered in the Baraba forest-steppe and in the Taiga regions in the North of Western Siberia. In local areas, different types of dishes are distinguished, having both similar features and differences. Discussions remain the genesis of morphologically different vessels. Problems of the attitude of complexes of flat-bottomed ceramics to the early and late stages of the Neolithic, the paths and variants of neolithization processes, the spread of ceramic production in a wide area of the region. The current problem of the ratio of Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Early Neolithic formations in the region appears to be relevant. As well as the time of the invention of pottery by man, the fact which radically changed his economy and culture, as well as the physiology of man himself.

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