scholarly journals Spring wheat productivity and grain quality in the crop rotation of the foreststeppe of Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
L. V. Yushkevich ◽  
I. V. Pakhotina ◽  
А. G. Shchitov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Cultivation Technology

Spring bread wheat is cultivated in the Omsk region, mainly in grain-fallow crop rotations, repeated and perma[1]nent crops, less in crop-changing rotations and occupies up to 73% of the grain share of Western Siberia. Soybean crops are growing in the region, but at the same time, there have not been sufficiently studied the peculiarities of the cultivation technology of spring wheat sown after this forecrop. The purpose of the current study was to establish the efficiency of agricultural cultivation technologies of spring wheat in the crop rotation sown after soybean in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The study was carried out in a stationary crop rotation with alternating crops (soy[1]beans – spring wheat – oil flax – barley) in the laboratory for resource-saving agricultural technologies of the Omsk Research Center on meadow-blackearth soil in 2011–2019. There has been established that the soil cultivation system and the means of intensification influenced the elements of fertility and the phytosanitary state of the agrophytocenosis of spring wheat sown after soybean. With subsurface plowing, in comparison with moldboard plowing, there was an increase in biomass and number of weeds on 21 and 43%, respectively. The use of chemicals resulted in a significant increase in spring wheat biomass (on 1.8 times) and a decrease in number of weeds (on 3.3 times), which had a noticeable effect on the productivity. Productivity of wheat sown after soybeans decreased with a decrease in tillage intensity from moldboard plowing to subsurface plowing on 16%. The intensive cultivation technology of spring wheat increased its productivity up to 3.32 t / ha, the protein and gluten content in grain on 16–18%. As for chemicals, the maximum grain number increase on 28.2% was provided by the use of fungicides compared to the control (1.46 t/ha).

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FIELD CROP ROTATION IN OPTIMIZATION OF OF SOWING AREAS STRUCTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Валерий Чибис ◽  
Valeriy Chibis ◽  
Светлана Чибис ◽  
Svetlana Chibis ◽  
Илья Кутышев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Oil Crops

In a long-term places, located on the experimental fields of Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture (Omsk), the schemes of field crop rotations were modernized by introducing oil crops (rapeseed, soybean) into rotation and replacing the repeated wheat crops with barley and oats. Accounting of grain crops productivity and accompanying observations were carried out in three field rotations of different lengths of rotation (four- and five-field) and on permanent sowing. The repetition of the experiments is fourfold. The system of agrotechnical measures recommended for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia was applied. The study of predecessors in the cultivation of crops for various purposes was carried out in field experiments using conventional methods. The humus content for rotation in the soil layer of 0-40 cm increased by 0.19% in the crop rotation “rapeseed - wheat spring wheat - barley - soybean - spring wheat”. The largest accumulation of humus (0.83%) was in the rotation “soybean - spring wheat - barley – oats”. During the years of research wheat productivity varied from 0.82 to 2.22 tons per hectare. Wheat was the first crop in all its predecessors to form grains, on average, by 0.3-0.5 tons per hectare, than the second crop. The yield of soybeans in the crop rotation was 1.23-1.78 tons per hectare. The productivity of rapeseed was low, its productivity over the years was 1.31 tons per hectare. Grain-fodder crops (barley, oats) averaged 0.4-0.6 tons per hectare, higher than the spring wheat productivity in the alternating rotation. The maximum yield of grain from a hectare of arable land was noted in the crop-steam rotation and amounted to 1.7 tons. An increase in the yield of feed-protein units was observed in crop rotations saturated with oil crops (rapeseed and soybean) and amounted to 3.4-4.0 tons per hectare. The economic calculation showed that the cultivation of field crops in the rotational crop rotation of “soybean - wheat - barley – oats” increased profitability by 44%, net income - by half, in comparison with the control variant. The obtained materials can be used to develop schemes of field crop rotations for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

Development of Soil-Borne Infections in Spring Wheat and Barley as Influenced by Hydrothermal Stress in the Forest-Steppe Conditions of Western Siberia and the Urals

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Toropova ◽  
A. P. Glinushkin ◽  
M. P. Selyuk ◽  
O. A. Kazakova ◽  
A. V. Ovsyankina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Urals

scholarly journals Effectiveness of various elements of grain cultivation technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Fedor A. Popov ◽  
Evgeniya N. Noskova ◽  
Lyudmila M. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Streptomyces Hygroscopicus ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Three Factor

The article presents the results of a long-term stationary three-factor experiment on sod-podzolic loamy soil to identify the effectiveness of various methods of basic and pre-sowing treatment of soil, the use of biological preparations in the technology of cultivating grain crops in six-field crop rotation. It was established that the most profitable elements of the technology in energy and economic terms will be: surface-cut treatment with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Azotovit and Phosphatovit biologics into the tillering stage of oat in a vetch-oat mixture for green feed; surface-cut treatment with KBM-4,2 cultivator or with pre-sowing treatment with a APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of Azotovite and Phosphatovite biological preparations into the soil before sowing winter rye for grain; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate for spring wheat; surface-cut treatment with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at tillering stage of oat in pea-oat mixture for grain-hay; ploughing with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Pseudobacterin-2 biopreparation at barley tillering stage; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at oat tillering stage.

scholarly journals The influence of mineral fertilizers on the mass of plant-root residues of grain crops on chernozem soils of the Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
D.V. Eremina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Chernozem Soils

The influence of various levels of mineral nutrition on the accumulation of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia is studied. The natural agricultural background of leached chernozem was taken as a control. The research was carried out at the station of the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. In the experiment, various doses of mineral fertilizers were used, ensuring the yield of grain crops from 3.0 to 6.0 t/ha. It was found that the mass of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats has no significant differences and depends on the level of mineral nutrition. On the natural agricultural background, the mass of plant-root residues is 3.24-3.88 t/ha. Fertilization increases the yield of grain crops to 6.0 t/ha, and also increases the amount of plant-root residues: spring wheat - 4.47; oats – 6.04 t/ha. Increasing the doses of mineral fertilizers reduces the ratio of yield to the mass of plant-root residues from 1:1.6 to 1:1.10 units. It was found that almost half of the root system of spring wheat and oats is located in a layer of 0-10 cm, while the share of roots in a layer of 30-40 cm accounts for no more than 16% of the mass.

scholarly journals Influence of means of chemicalixation on efficiency of field crop rotations in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Valerii Viktorovich Chibis
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
Feed Protein

Results of researches of efficiency in short crop rotation with busy steam are given in this article. Researches were conducted in the Omsk district of the Omsk region on typical black soil, with the maintenance of humus of 6.7% (in a layer of earth of 0-30 cm).  Cultivation of field cultures against the background of application of means of chemicalixation was carried out in a crop rotation the occupied steam (green manure) – wheat – barley – oats. During the conducted researches the quantity and dynamics of moisture, the maintenance of the main macrocells in the soil, and efficiency of all crop rotation was defined. The received results allow to draw a conclusion that in a crop rotation with busy steam and four fields at application of means of chemicalixation the increase of a harvest of the first wheat for 45.2%, barley repeatedly 31.5% and oats for 9.9% is noted. Application of fertilizers, at the rate of N30P30 on 1 hectare of an arable land, and herbicides, provided increase in productivity grain on 0.53 t/hectare, an exit of grain of 0.44 t/hectare, and feed-protein units to 1.29 t/hectare. The resulting materials can be used in the development of crop rotations schemes for forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

scholarly journals Changes in agrochemical parameters of leached chernozem under the influence of differentiated use of minerals

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
A. A. Artemjev ◽  
A. M. Guryanov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Mobile Elements ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of studies conducted in 2004-2010 at the experimental plot in the forest-steppe Volga region. The research investigated the impact of traditional (average) and differentiated use of mineral fertilizers in the field crop rotation (winter wheat (reconnaissance sowing) – spring wheat ‒ annual grass – spring barley – bare fallow– winter wheat – spring wheat) on the change of agrochemical properties of leached chernozem. It was established that the six-year use of fertilizers contributed to the improvement of the main indicators of top soil fertility regardless of application technology. On average, in 15 sectors (plots) of each variant, the content of mobile phosphorus per rotation of crop rotation increased with differentiated fertilization by 15.9%, potassium – by 15%, and in the traditional one – by 4.8 and 16.7% respectively, (control of 100.8 and 116.2 mg/kg of soil, respectively). In sectors where no fertilizer was applied, the content of mobile elements decreased by 2-7%. The nitrogen content in the soil directly depended on the timing of sampling and the amount of moisture in the soil, so it was difficult to track its change. The difference in the accumulation of mineral nitrogen between the technologies of fertilizer application was not observed. For organic matter in all variants of the experience over the years of research there was a decrease in the indicator. This was more noticeable in the control, where the value decreased by 2.7%. Here, the value of soil acidity increased by 0.12 units and became 4.7. In variants with fertilizers soil acidity remained the same (4.6-4.7). In general, the differentiated use of mineral fertilizers did not have a negative influence on the agrochemical composition of leached chernozem. There was a gradual equalization of soil fertility due to the residual amounts of phosphorus and potassium on low-fertile plots and some reduction of mobile elements in zones with high content.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen fertilizers and their tank mixtures with herbicides and fungicides on spring wheat productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Е. N. Ledovsky ◽  
V. G. Doronin
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Formation ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Positive Effect

The study was carried out in 2018 and 2019 in the southern forest-steppe area of the Omsk region. The soil of the experimental plot was chernozem-meadow, medium and heavy loamy. The crop rotation was as follows: ‘black’ fallow – spring wheat – spring wheat – spring wheat – barley, the forecrop was second wheat. It was a two-factor field trial, the area of the plots was 50 and 25 m2, with three-fold sequence. The purpose of the current work was to estimate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer as a basic one and in the form of top dressing combined with fungicidal and herbicidal treatment on the productivity of spring wheat grain. There was identified a positive effect of the factor of nitrogen fertilization N35 on the productivity of spring wheat grain when sown in ‘black’ fallow. In 2018 there was productivity increase on 0.43, and in 2019 it was 0.74 t/ha, or 25.1 and 39.2%, respectively, according to the control. The utilization of the mixture of herbicides and carbamide (5 kg/ha) had only a tendency to productivity increase in comparison with herbicide control. The additional top dressing of 5 and 10 kg/ha of carbamide in ‘head formation period’ increased productivity by 0.32 and 0.42 (in 2018) and 0.45 and 0.47 t/ha (in 2019). The best results were obtained from the combination ‘herbicides + carbamide (tillering) + fungicide (head formation)’, the average productivity increase was 0.60 (in 2018) and 1.83 t/ha (in 2019).

EFFICIENCY OF BIOMODIFIED MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN THE CULTIVATION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS ON THE CHERNOZEM REGIONS OF THE VOLGA FOREST-STEPPE

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
А. Kh. Kulikova ◽  
◽  
G. V. Saidyasheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Pure Steam

Research on the effectiveness biomodified mineral fertilizers were carried out on the basis of Ulyanovsk SRIA – SamSC RAS branch during the rotation grain fallow five fields crop rotation: pure steam – winter wheat – spring wheat – barley – oats in 2013-2018. The field experiment scheme included options (except control): with the introduction of biologics BisolbiFit (introduction with seeds that were treated before sowing), azofoski N15P15K15, in pure form, modified with biopreparation azofoski in the same dose N15P15K15, half a dose of modified azofoski (N7, 5 P7, 5 K7, 5). The effectiveness of fertilizers and biopreparations in crop cultivation was studied on three backgrounds: natural (control), ammonium nitrate at a dose of 40 kg ai/ha (NH4NO3), and modified ammonium nitrate at a dose of 20 kg DW/ha. It was established that modification of azofoski with Bisolbifit biopreparation can significantly increase the coefficients of use of elements from it by plants. The latter allows to reduce the dose of fertilizer, without reducing the productivity of cultivated crops, twice. Long-term cultivation of crops using only mineral fertilizers and biological products led to a relative decrease in the humus content in the soil and its acidification. For 6 years, the content of humus in the arable layer of leached chernozem decreased by 0.12 %, and the acidity of the soil solution increased by 0.5 pHKCI units. In the conditions of the Volga forest-steppe, when cultivated on chernozems, the highest-yielding winter wheat is (up to 4.00 t / ha or more, in our experiments 3.88-4.80 t / ha). The average yield of spring wheat was 2.68-3.31 t / ha, spring barley 2.67-3.21 t / ha, oats 2.15-2.71 t / ha. The highest productivity of crop rotation was observed against a background with modified ammonium nitrate at a dose of 20 kg ai/ha (½NH4NO3) when applying modified azofoski (N15P15K15). Grain harvest for 2013-2018 in this variant was 13.36 t / ha, exceeding the control variant on this background by 1.31 t / ha.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document