scholarly journals The influence of mineral fertilizers on the mass of plant-root residues of grain crops on chernozem soils of the Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
D.V. Eremina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Chernozem Soils

The influence of various levels of mineral nutrition on the accumulation of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia is studied. The natural agricultural background of leached chernozem was taken as a control. The research was carried out at the station of the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. In the experiment, various doses of mineral fertilizers were used, ensuring the yield of grain crops from 3.0 to 6.0 t/ha. It was found that the mass of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats has no significant differences and depends on the level of mineral nutrition. On the natural agricultural background, the mass of plant-root residues is 3.24-3.88 t/ha. Fertilization increases the yield of grain crops to 6.0 t/ha, and also increases the amount of plant-root residues: spring wheat - 4.47; oats – 6.04 t/ha. Increasing the doses of mineral fertilizers reduces the ratio of yield to the mass of plant-root residues from 1:1.6 to 1:1.10 units. It was found that almost half of the root system of spring wheat and oats is located in a layer of 0-10 cm, while the share of roots in a layer of 30-40 cm accounts for no more than 16% of the mass.

scholarly journals The usefulness of sulfur fertilizers for balanced nutrition of spring wheat on zonal soils of the south-western Forest steppe zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
L.V. Levshakov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The South ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Sulfur Fertilizers ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Zonal Soils

The importance of sulfur for a balanced nutrition of grain crops is demonstrated. The content of mobile forms of sulfur in the main zonal soils of the Kursk region – black soil and gray forest soils is given. Gray wooded soils have a low content of mobile sulfur in most areas of the region. The availability of sulfur in black soil ranges from low to medium. Practical studies on the effectiveness of different types and forms of using sulfur-containing mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of spring wheat on zonal types of soils in the south-western forest steppe of the Central Black Earth Region have been performed. Research has found that the practicability of using sulfur-containing mineral fertilizers and their agronomic effectiveness is directly associated with the content of available forms of sulfur in the arable layer of the soil. It is most effective and reasonable to use sulfur-containing mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of spring wheat on gray wooded soils. The practical data obtained prove the urgency of the use of sulfur-containing fertilizers in technologies for the cultivation of grain crops on soils with inadequate content of available forms of sulfur.

scholarly journals ECONOMY OF OBTAINING PLANNED SPRING WHEAT YIELDS ON AROUND CHERNOZEM DUE TO MINERAL FERTILIZER

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Diana Eremina ◽  
Oksana Demina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Urals ◽  
3.0 T

In modern conditions of agricultural intensification, the use of a scientifically based fertilizer system becomes extremely necessary. It is she who will allow you to get economically viable crop yields. Studies to obtain the planned yield with the introduction of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers were carried out in 2018-2020 in the forest-steppe zone of the Urals. The soil is old leached chernozem. Experiment scheme: control (without fertilization); application of mineral fertilizers to the planned yield: by 3.0 t/ha of grain N40 P75; 4.0 t/ha - N95P110; 5.0 t/ha - N150P200 and 6.0 t/ha - N185P160 kg of active ingredient. On average, over the years of research, the planned yield of spring wheat was achieved. The cost of growing spring wheat without mineral fertilizers amounted to 16850 rubles/ha. The introduction of mineral fertilizers for the planned harvests increases costs up to 34200 rubles/ha. Such high costs are explained by the use of phosphate fertilizers, whose price is twice as high as ammonium nitrate. In the structure of costs for obtaining a yield of 3.0 t/ha of grain, the share of mineral fertilizers accounts for 17 %. A further increase in the level of mineral nutrition through fertilizers increases the share of fertilizer costs up to 45 %. The profit from the sale of grain on the option with NPK of 6.0 t/ha of grain reached 27400 with a profitability of 80 %. On the control, the corresponding indicators were 5150 rubles/ha and 31 %. The optimal and economically justified is the level of mineral nutrition, providing 4.0 t/ha of spring wheat grain. A further increase in the agricultural background is associated with a risk due to the peculiarities of weather conditions in the forest-steppe zone of the Urals

scholarly journals The formation of the crop, sowing qualities and yield properties of spring soft wheat seeds under the influence of mineral fertilizers in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Lidiya Vasilievna Karpova ◽  
Anna Vasilievna Strogonova ◽  
Phedor Petrovich Chetverikov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Complex Liquid ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The article presents the results of studies on the formation of the crop, sowing qualities, yield properties and biochemical composition of seeds of spring soft wheat (Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda variety) under the influence of complex liquid fertilizers with microelements in chelate form in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga. The application of mineral fertilizer Megamix increased the number of grains on one plant to 32.9–36.3 units, which exceeded the control by 1.1–4.5 units, or by 3.5–14.1%. The yield of spring wheat from the integrated application of the agrochemical increased to 3.90 t / ha, which is 21.1% higher than the control.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE MINERAL NUTRITION LEVEL ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CEREAL AND LEGUMINOUS AGROCENOSES IN THE FOREST STEPPE OF BAIKAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Виктор Агафонов ◽  
Viktor Agafonov ◽  
Евгений Бояркин ◽  
Evgeniy Boyarkin
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Green Mass Yield ◽  
The Impact

The article presents findings of the influence of different levels of mineral nutrition on plant growth and development, the impact of fertilizers on the botanical composition, on the productivity and forage benefits of cereal-bean agrocenoses in the forest-steppe zone of the Baikal region. The objects of research were mixed crops of oats with peas and millet with vetch, peas, and Austrian winter pea. Legumes are the main source of protein increase in feed. In the field, the most widespread, among legumes, were vetch, sowing peas, field peas (Austrian winter pea). As a result of phenological observations, it was found that the growth and development of plants depended on the biological characteristics of crops, weather conditions and directly on the mineral nutrition level. The millet reacted most effectively to the application of mineral fertilizers, starting from the exit phase into the tube. The introduction of mineral fertilizers in pre-sowing tillage contributed to an increase in the proportion of legume components in the total green mass yield and a decrease in cereals. The highest competition in agrocenoses of millet with legume components was vetch, its share in the mixture increased, compared to the unfertilized background, by 6 and 14.5%, depending on the background of fertilizers. It was found that, compared with the unfertilized background, mineral fertilizers increased the yield of green mass from 1.5 to 4.9 tons per hectare, the collection of dry matter from 0.4 to 2.0 tons per hectare and the collection of feed units from 0.3 to 1.3 tons per hectare. Digestible protein content in 1 unit increased with the introduction of nitrogen fertilizer (N45), depending on the type of components in the mixture, from 3.2 to 6.6 g, and with the introduction of complex mineral fertilizer (N45P30K30) from 2.5 to 9.6 g. All are millet-bean mixtures at all levels of mineral nutrition comply with zootechnical standards.

scholarly journals OPTIMUM SOWING NORMS OF SUNFLOWER OF RODNIK VARIETY DEPENDING OF MINERAL NUTRITION BACKGROUND ON GREY FOREST SOILS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Фаик Сафиоллин ◽  
Faik Safiollin ◽  
Рустам Низамов ◽  
Rustam Nizamov ◽  
Салават Сулейманов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga

We can expect to receive from 0.81 to 0.97 tons of sunflower oil seeds per hectare in the soil-climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region without the introduction of mineral fertilizers. As the doses of mineral fertilizers are increased, the productivity of 1 hectare of arable land is increased 2.8 times and the gross collections of oilseeds are 2.14 tons per hectare at the non highest background of mineral nutrition, against 0.86 tons per hectare in the control variant of the experiment (without fertilizers). The optimization of seeding rates of the studied culture is of great importance in the formation of highly productive agrocenoses. In the variants of supplementary supply of plants with nutrients, especially when N98P38K124 is introduced, the seeding rate of 70 thousand pieces per hectare of virgin seeds raises the yield of sunflower by 0.51 tons per hectare (a very solid increase in yield), compared with the sowing rate of 60 thousand pieces per hectare.

INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY ELEMENTS ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE CROP AND THE QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 913-923
Author(s):  
V.G. Vlasov ◽  
◽  
L.G. Zakharova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat

The results of studying the influence of elements of the technology of cultivation of spring wheat (various predecessors, methods of basic tillage, doses of mineral fertilizers) in order to obtain grain that meet the food requirements (GOST 9353-2016) are presented. The studies were carried out in 2015–2017 in the Ulyanovsk region in the forest-steppe zone on leached chernozem. The object was the Ulyanovskaya 105 spring soft wheat variety, which has been recommended for cultivation in the Volgo-Vyatka (4), Middle Volga (7), Ural (9) regions of the Russian Federation since 2017. The scheme of the experiment provided for placement after peas and winter wheat, autumn main dumping and shallow tillage. In each of the options, the sowing was carried out using three backgrounds of mineral fertilizer – N24Р6 К0 kg/ha a.i. before sowing; N64Р18К35 kg/ha d.v. before sowing + retardant “Tse Tse Tse 750” (chlormequat chloride); N50Р30К70 kg/ha d.v. before sowing + N25 in tillering + N30 after heading + retardant “Tse Tse Tse 750”, calculated for the planned yield of 4.0; 5.0 and 6.0 t/ha, respectively. The meteorological conditions in the years of research were characterized by uneven precipitation (HTC in 2015 – 0.7; in 2016 – 0.8; in 2017 – 1.4). The grain yield of the studied variety of spring soft wheat on average for the variants of the experiment ranged from 3.82 t/ha to 5.60 t/ha with its high quality. The largest amount of protein (720–760 kg/ha) and grain weight per ear (1.07–1.08 g) were formed by the predecessor of peas after plowing against the background of the introduction of mineral fertilizers in doses calculated for the planned yield of 5.0–6,0 t/ha. In terms of the content of crude gluten (28.1–30.9%), in nature (786–798) and vitreousness (87–91%), the grain corresponded to the indicators of class 2, in terms of protein content in the grain (12.5–13.5%) – indicators of the 3rd class of GOST 9353-2016. Higher quality grain with a higher yield level was formed according to the pea predecessor. The coefficient of elasticity of flour dough within the normal range for strong wheat (0.70–0.85) was observed on all variants of plowing and on 1 background of mineral fertilizers for fine processing according to the predecessor winter wheat, as well as on 1 and 2 backgrounds of mineral fertilizers according to to both methods of basic tillage according to the pea precursor. According to the general baking assessment (4.1–4.4 points), the Ulyanovskaya 105 variety corresponded to the norm for valuable crop varieties.

scholarly journals Role of previous crops and mineral fertilizers in pathogenesis of potato black scab and crop productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
A. A. Malyuga ◽  
N. S. Chulikova
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Factor Effect

One of the main factors limiting the potato yield in Western Siberia is various crop diseases, among which soil and tuber infections hold a special place. The sore issue in potatoes production is black scab. The economic significance of this disease is estimated at 50 % yield loss during the growing season. The results of analyzing the effect of previous crops (potatoes, oats and tendergreen) and mineral fertilizers (N40P40K80) on pathogenesis of black scab in potato plantations, and also crop productivity are presented in the paper. Evaluation of the used techniques effect on development of black scab was performed on natural backgrounds in conditions of forest-steppe zone of Priobye in the Novosibirsk region. The seasonal dynamics of the Rhizoctonia solani fungus in the soil has a characteristic increase in the number at the end of plants growing season. In the conditions of Western Siberia, in the course of pathological process of black scab, the soil infection (proportion of the factor effect from 50 % during the phase of full germination to 90 % to the flowering phase) plays the most important role. Oats and tendergreen had been affecting on the agent of black scab disease during two years after cultivation as a precursor, and oats affected the pathogen more strongly in the second year of potato cultivation. On average according to factors, oats and tendergreen with mineral fertilizers (N40P40K80) reliably reduce development of black scab on plants 1.1-1.3 times as compared to potatoes cultivated in monoculture, and mineral fertilizers significantly (1.3 times) increase the plants performance. The predecessors (on average) had practically no effect on this indicator. The yield of potatoes in monoculture and after oats is almost the same, and after tendergreen it is insignificantly higher (1.1 times). Mastering environmentally friendly technologies for protecting potatoes from soil and tuber infections and implementation of those into production will contribute to obtaining stable crops of a high quality culture, and, as a result, formation of efficient agro-industrial complex ensuring the country’s food security.

“FLAGMAN” - NEW VARIETY OF BROMUS INERMIS

1970 ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
N. I. Kashevarov ◽  
R. I. Polyudina ◽  
I. N. Kazarinova ◽  
D. А. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Siberian Research Institute ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

A new cultivar of smooth bromegrass (Bromopsis inermis Leyss) Flagman was developed by methods of mass selection and polycross. Breeding and wild forms of various ecological and geographical origins are used as an initial material. The authors of the cultivar: Kazarinova I.N., Polyudina R.I., Straub A.A., Gomasco S.K. Studies were conducted on the Central experimental base of the Siberian research Institute of fodder crops of the Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia (Novosibirsk region, Novosibirsk district, Krasnoobsk). The cultivar is mid-ripening: the period from the beginning of spring aftergrowing to mowing ripeness is 63-75 days and to full maturing of seeds is 95-111 days. The yield of dry matter is 8.3 t/ha, which exceeds the standard by 8%, seed yield - 0.62 t/ha, higher than the standard by 28%. The dry matter yield of the cultivar Flagman for the fourth year of use exceeded the standard by 23% and reached to 11.4 t/ha. The 1000 seeds weight is 3.0-3.4 g. The plant height is 90-140 cm. Tilling capacity is up to 40 stems per tuft. Foliage varies from 32 to 50% depending on the age of the grass and environment conditions. The resistance of the cultivar to brown rust and helminthosporiosis is higher than of the standard. The copyright certificate No. 71916 and patent No. 9653 were received.

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