DIN EN 17125:2019-06, Warmsprudelbecken, Whirlpools und Hot Tubs für private Nutzung_- Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren; Deutsche Fassung EN_17125:2018

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Tubs

scholarly journals Isolation and molecular identification of Acanthamoeba spp. from hot springs in Mazandaran province, northern Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Dodangeh ◽  
Elham Kialashaki ◽  
Ahmad Daryani ◽  
Mehdi Sharif ◽  
Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis ◽  
Amoebic Keratitis ◽  
Hot Tubs

Abstract Acanthamoeba is a free-living protozoan that can be found in natural and artificial environments such as hot tubs, surface water and springs and can cause severe diseases including amoebic keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. The present study was conducted owing to the lack of research regarding genotypes of Acanthamoeba in hot springs of Mazandaran province in northern Iran. Twenty-four water samples were collected from all hot springs in Mazandaran province. After filtration through nitrocellulose membrane, samples were cultured on non-nutrient agar medium enriched with TYIS-33. The cultures were microscopically examined for the presence of Acanthamoeba. Positive cultures were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotypes were determined by targeting the 18 S rRNA gene. The pathogenic potential of all positive isolates was identified using thermotolerance and osmotolerance tests. Eleven (47.8%) samples were positive for Acanthamoeba. Based on sequencing analysis, 100% of isolates belonged to the T4 genotype. Thermo- and osmo-tolerance tests showed that four (36.3%) Acanthamoeba strains were highly pathogenic. According to our research, the occurrence of Acanthamoeba in recreational hot springs could be a hazard for high risk persons. Posting warning signs and regular monitoring of these waters by health planners may therefore be useful for decreasing Acanthamoeba spp. infections.

Pseudomonas Infections Associated with Hot Tubs and Other Environments

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-648
Author(s):  
David W. Gregory ◽  
William Schaffner
Keyword(s):  
Hot Tubs

Pseudomonas

2011 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Dr Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Principles Of Treatment ◽  
Intravenous Tubing ◽  
Water Plants ◽  
Hot Tubs

9.1 Basis of infection, 189 9.2 Clinical features of infection, 189 9.3 Basis of diagnosis, 189 9.4 Principles of treatment, 190 9.5 Implications within hospital setting, 190 • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the primary pathogen. • Found in soil, water, plants, and animals. • Grows in moist environments including hot tubs, wet intravenous tubing, and other water-containing vessels....

Contamination of swimming pools and hot tubs biofilms with Acanthamoeba

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behroz Mahdavi Poor ◽  
Abdolhossein Dalimi ◽  
Fatemeh Ghafarifar ◽  
Fariba Khoshzaban ◽  
Jalal Abdolalizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Swimming Pool Water ◽  
Specific Fragment ◽  
Hot Tubs ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Tabriz City

Abstract The members of Acanthamoeba genus are ubiquitous amoeba which could be a pathogenic parasite. The amoeba is resistant to the common chlorine concentration that used for disinfecting the swimming pool water. Therefore, the pools can be suitable environments for the survival and multiplication of the amoeba. In this cross sectional study, 10 indoor recreational water centers from different regions of Tabriz city were selected and sampling was done from fixed and floating biofilms of the swimming pools and hot tubs. The samples were cultured and monitored for the presence of amoeba cyst or trophozoite. For molecular identification of Acanthamoeba, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and sequencing were conducted based on genus specific fragment of 18S ribosomal DNA (Rns). Acanthamoeba contamination was observed in 6 centers of 10 recreational centers. Based on the amoeba isolation from fixed and floating biofilms, 2 (20%) swimming pools, and 5 (50%) hot tubs were contaminated. Based on the type of the sample, the highest contamination was found in the hot tub water (40%) and the least was found in the swimming pools water (10%) and fixed biofilms of the swimming pools (10%). Out of 8 isolates, 5 (62.5%) were shown expected product in PCR amplification. Sequence analysis showed that Acanthamoeba isolates belonged to the T3 and T4 genotypes. The study revealed a high degree of contamination in the indoor recreational water centers in Tabriz city. So, it is essential to pay closer attention to the hygiene of swimming pools and hot tubs.

Understanding the importance of biofilm growth in hot tubs

2009 ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Darla Goeres
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Hot Tubs

Of hot tubs and Beowulf

eLearn ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (5) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Mark Notess
Keyword(s):  
Hot Tubs

scholarly journals Impact of swimming pool water treatment system factors on the content of selected disinfection by-products

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Wyczarska-Kokot ◽  
Anna Lempart-Rapacewicz ◽  
Mariusz Dudziak ◽  
Edyta Łaskawiec
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Hot Tubs ◽  
By Products

AbstractRecommendations regarding disinfection by-products (DBPs) in pool waters consider the content of trihalomethanes (THMs) and combined chlorine (CC) as indicators of DBPs based on which the health risk for swimmers and staff of pool facility can be determined. However, the content of DBPs in swimming pools depends on many factors. In this paper, the influence of selected factors (physicochemical parameters of water and technological parameters) on the content of THMs and CC in pool water was determined. During the 6-month period, 9 pools of various functions were analyzed. The water in pools was subjected to the same method of treatment. The content of THMs and CC was compared against the content of organic matter, free chlorine and nitrates, pH, temperature, redox potential and turbidity, technological, and operational parameters. The THM content did not exceed the limit value of 0.1 mg/L. The content of CC varied significantly, from 0.05 to 1.13 mg Cl2/L. It was found that a very large water volume per person, in comparison to a very small one, contributed to the low content of CC and THMs. The high load expressed as m3 of water per person or m2 of water per person and the specific function of hot tubs (HT1 and HT2) led to the average concentration of CC in these pools exceeding 0.3 mg Cl2/L. The THM concentrations in hot tubs (especially in HT1) were also among the largest (0.038–0.058 mg/L). In terms of the analyzed microbiological indicators, the quality of the tested pool water samples was not in doubt. It was found that the purpose of the pool, its volume, and number of swimmers should be the key parameters that determine the choice of methods of water treatment. The research on the pool water quality in the actual working conditions of swimming pool facilities is necessary due to the need to preserve the health safety of swimmers and staff.

scholarly journals Two children with extra-nodal Mycobacterium avium complex infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Markland ◽  
Ben Tan ◽  
Darryl Adamko ◽  
Tania Diener ◽  
Paul N Levett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex Infection ◽  
Hot Tubs ◽  
Airway Abnormalities

Abstract Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is usually considered an opportunistic organism, which infects immunocompromised children or those with structural airway abnormalities. We present two cases of MAC infection affecting immune competent children, likely from hot tubs with primary involvement of pulmonary and urinary systems. These cases highlight the importance of asking about hot tub use in immune competent children with suspected or confirmed MAC infections.

scholarly journals Legionnaires Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 049-052
Author(s):  
Sandeep K. R. ◽  
Sandhya Rani B. S.
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Clinical Awareness ◽  
Hot Tubs ◽  
Water Tanks

AbstractLegionnaires' disease is a form of atypical pneumonia caused by any type of Legionella bacteria. The bacterium is found naturally in fresh water.[4] It can contaminate hot water tanks, hot tubs, and cooling towers of large air conditioners.[4] It is usually spread by breathing in mist that contains the bacteria.[4] It can also occur when contaminated water is aspirated.[4] It typically does not spread directly between people and most people who are exposed do not become infected.[4] Risk factors for infection include older age, history of smoking, chronic lung disease, and poor immune function.[5] There is still a low level of clinical awareness regarding Legionnaires' disease 25 years after it was first detected.

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