scholarly journals Induction of Embryogenesis in the Culture of Isolated Microspores of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohammad Naeim Oighun
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Isolated Microspores ◽  
Direct Embryogenesis ◽  
The Media ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) haploids and doubled haploids are widely used in breeding, the investigations of a combinative variability and its stabilization in homozygotes. In four domestic varieties of winter wheats (Moskovskaya 56, Moskovskaya 39, Galina, Nemchinovskaya 24) and three domestic varieties of spring wheats (Ester, MIS, Amir). With spring wheat variety Falat as a control, the efficacy of embryogenesis in isolated microspores was tested using standard protocol for induction of direct embryo formation in the isolated microspore culture. In all winter varieties there was shown a low frequency of cytoplasmic strands, which are typical for the embryogenic microspores, whereas in the spring varieties it was high. After 4 days cultivation in the medium used for induction, the microspore viability decreased in winter varieties. and another 10 days later the Viable cells were not observed. The spring varieties developed the multicellular structures, which could produce embryos. The reference variety Falat produced 28 % of proembryoids, able mostly to further embryonic formation. Basing on these results, the protocol for inducing direct embryogenesis in wheat microspores was modified, including maltose concentration in medium, the conditions of spikelet heat treatment, the number of ovaries and time when they were added to the culture, the combination and concentration of hormones in the media for induction and cultivation.

Survey of Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) Infesting Wheat in Eastern Colorado

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren M Cockrell ◽  
Terri Randolph ◽  
Erika Peirce ◽  
Frank B Peairs
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Cephus Cinctus ◽  
Growing Region

Abstract From 2012 through 2020, a survey of wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, was conducted in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields in Eastern Colorado. In 2013, results showed sawfly infestations concentrated in the northern part of the state with only a few highly infested sites, with 38 of the 94 sampled sites having any infestation (five of which had >50% infestation levels). By 2020 sawfly had been found in all eastern counties sampled, and 72 of the 106 sites sampled were found to contain sawfly (11 of which had >50% infestation levels). The spread of this pest across the Colorado wheat-growing region will have lasting economic effects. The information gathered from this and future surveys will inform wheat variety development and aid in management decisions made by growers across the state.

Cytogenetic studies of progenies from crosses between 'Centurk' wheat and its doubled haploids derived from anther culture

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawsan S. Youssef ◽  
R. Morris ◽  
P. S. Baenziger ◽  
C. M. Papa
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines ◽  
A Minor

Karyotype stability, which is essential when using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) doubled haploids in a breeding program, was evaluated in 14 anther-derived doubled-haploid lines after at least three generations of selfing, by crossing them as females with the parent cultivar 'Centurk' and doing cytological studies on the progenies. There were no deviations from the hexaploid chromosome number (2n = 42) in root tips. Meiotic chromosome pairing was as stable as that in the control ('Centurk' × 'Centurk') in most progenies. Chromosomal structural changes and (or) behavioral deviations were detected at the metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, and quartet stages of meiosis in a minor proportion of the cells. The frequencies of multivalents, lagging bivalents and univalents, bridges, and micronuclei were higher in some progenies than in the control. Chromosomal fragments were infrequent. The ranges in percentages of normal cells were 72.4–90.0 at anaphase I, 76.4–92.6 at telophase I, and 82.6–93.2 at quartet stages in the doubled-haploid progenies, compared with 95–100, 92–100, and 94–96, respectively, in the control. On the basis of these results, the doubled-haploid lines should produce enough normal gametes to provide adequate seed supplies when they are used as parents in wheat cultivar and population improvement.Key words: Triticum aestivum, chromosome pairing, chromosome aberrations, gametoclonal variation.

Improved production of doubled haploids by colchicine application to wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) anther culture

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 974-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Redha ◽  
T. Attia ◽  
B. Büter ◽  
S. Saisingtong ◽  
P. Stamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Colchicine Application

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. ON MICROBIOCENOSIS IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF WINTER WHEAT OF CHERNOZEM SOUTHERN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Egovtseva ◽  
◽  
T.N. Melnichuk ◽  
S.F. Abdurashitov ◽  
E.E. Andronov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Associative Bacteria ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Mineralization Processes

Pre-sowing inoculation with strains of associative bacteria is one of the promising methods for increasing the productivity of agricultural crops. These microorganisms are able to stimulate the growth processes of plants, improve their mineral nutrition, increase phytoimmunity and resistance to adverse factors. The aim of the research is to study the influence of strains with a high associative potential to Triticum aestivum L. on the microbiocenosis in the rhizosphere of soft wheat of several varieties grown on chernozem southern. The studies were carried out in 2018–2020 using three varieties – ‘Ermak’, ‘Bagheera’, ‘Lydia’. The experiments were laid on plots (accounting area – 25 m2) in systematic design, replicated four times. The climate of the study area is characterized as arid (steppe). Inoculation was carried out before wheat seeds sowing; option without treatment served as a control. Sampling was carried out in the most active phase – flowering (in May 2019 and 2020). In the course of the research, we found that changes in the number of microorganisms of various ecological-trophic groups of chernozem southern in the rhizosphere of wheat occur under the influence of bacterial strains associative to T. aestivum. Wheat variety ‘Bagheera’ was found to be the most responsive to seed bacterization; the average yield increase over two years of research was in the range of 0.2-0.4 t/ha or 5-10%. Calculation of coefficients and indices indicating the direction of mineralization processes in the soil made it possible to establish that inoculation promotes their activation. The results of the correlation analysis based on two-year data obtained after studying three varieties of winter wheat showed that the number of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter has the greatest influence on the yield – the correlation index is 0.81 at p <0.05.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS IN DIFFERENT WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) VARIETIES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona VAGUSEVICIENĖ ◽  
Sonata KAZLAUSKAITĖ ◽  
Aiste JUCHNEVICIENĖ ◽  
Asta BYLAITE ◽  
Audrone ŽEBRAUSKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Alcohol Extract

Dynamics of photosynthesis pigments in the leaves of different varieties of winter wheat during the vegetation period is analyzed in the paper. The accumulation of pigments in the plant depends on the physiological activity, growth and development of the plant, therefore the composition and content of photosynthesis pigments chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids reflect the general condition of the plant. The ratio of chlorophyll a / b for normal photosynthesis activity in the leaves of the plant should be at least 1:3. The object of the research is different varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - 'Artist', 'Edvin', 'Skagen', 'Bertold' and 'Viola'. Field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2015-2016. Soil type was identified as IDg8 - k (LVg - p - w - cc) - shallow calcareous luvisol (Calc (ar) i - Epihypogleyic Luvisols). Agrochemical parameters of the soil were determined using accepted analytical methods. The content of photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) in green leaf mass was determined in 96% ethyl alcohol extract applying spectrophotometric Wettstein method, “Genesys” 6 spectrophotometer. The photosynthesis productivity (Fpr) was calculated according to the formula: Fpr = 2 (M2-M1) / (L1 + L2) T. The accuracy of the data analysis was estimated according to the standard measurement deviation from the mean. The highest content of photosynthesis pigments has been accumulated by winter wheat variety 'Skagen'. The best result has been observed at the end of nodding stage. A lower content of photosynthesis pigments has been found in the leaves of 'Edvin', 'Viola' and 'Artist' varieties. The highest photosynthesis productivity of all winter wheat varieties has been recorded at the end of nodding stage, and decrease of photosynthesis productivity has been observed since milk maturity stage.

scholarly journals Changes in the structure of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots in varieties susceptible and resistant to infestation by Heterodera avenae Woll.

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Grymaszewska ◽  
Władysław Golinowski
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Cell Divisions

The structure of wheat roots of the "susceptible" variety Capa and "resistant" variety AUS 10894 infested by <em>Heterodera avenae</em> was studied. The processes leading to the formation of syncytia and the range of reactions of the studied varieties to infection are described. In both varieties, necrosis of cells surrounding the nematode, and in the wheat variety AUS 10894, in addition, necrotic changes in cells surrounding syncytia were found. The syncytia formed in the resistant variety degenerated early. The cells adjacent to the syncytia underwent divisions. Cell divisions also took place in the pericycle. They led to the formation of more numerous lateral roots, especially in plants from the susceptible variety. It seems that the earlier degeneration of syncytia and the accompanying necrotic changes in the tissues surrounding the syncytia observed in wheat of the AUS 10894 variety can be taken as signs of host resistance reactions.

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