scholarly journals Changes in the structure of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots in varieties susceptible and resistant to infestation by Heterodera avenae Woll.

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Grymaszewska ◽  
Władysław Golinowski
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Cell Divisions

The structure of wheat roots of the "susceptible" variety Capa and "resistant" variety AUS 10894 infested by <em>Heterodera avenae</em> was studied. The processes leading to the formation of syncytia and the range of reactions of the studied varieties to infection are described. In both varieties, necrosis of cells surrounding the nematode, and in the wheat variety AUS 10894, in addition, necrotic changes in cells surrounding syncytia were found. The syncytia formed in the resistant variety degenerated early. The cells adjacent to the syncytia underwent divisions. Cell divisions also took place in the pericycle. They led to the formation of more numerous lateral roots, especially in plants from the susceptible variety. It seems that the earlier degeneration of syncytia and the accompanying necrotic changes in the tissues surrounding the syncytia observed in wheat of the AUS 10894 variety can be taken as signs of host resistance reactions.

Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on localization of ABA, AZP, and dehydrins in wheat plant roots during dehydration

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
A.R. Lubyanova ◽  
F.M. Shakirova ◽  
M.V. Bezrukova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Apoplastic Barrier ◽  
Protective Proteins

We studied the immunohistochemical localization of abscisic acid (ABA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and dehydrins in the roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) during 24-epibrassinolide-pretreatment (EB-pretreatment) and PEG-induced dehydration. It was found coimmunolocalization of ABA, WGA and dehydrins in the cells of central cylinder of basal part untreated and EB-pretreated roots of wheat seedlings under normal conditions and under osmotic stress. Such mutual localization ABA and protective proteins, WGA and dehydrins, indicates the possible effect of their distribution in the tissues of EB-pretreated wheat roots during dehydration on the apoplastic barrier functioning, which apparently contributes to decrease the water loss under dehydration. Perhaps, the significant localization of ABA and wheat lectin in the metaxylem region enhances EB-induced transport of ABA and WGA from roots to shoots under stress. It can be assumed that brassinosteroids can serve as intermediates in the realization of the protective effect of WGA and wheat dehydrins during water deficit.

Increase in phosphorus concentration reduces the toxicity of copper in wheat roots (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Álvaro Luís Pasquetti Berghetti ◽  
Maisa Didone Wohlenberg ◽  
Juliete Araújo da Silva ◽  
Lucas Antônio Telles Rodrigues ◽  
Qamar Sarfaraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Wheat Roots

Survey of Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) Infesting Wheat in Eastern Colorado

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren M Cockrell ◽  
Terri Randolph ◽  
Erika Peirce ◽  
Frank B Peairs
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Cephus Cinctus ◽  
Growing Region

Abstract From 2012 through 2020, a survey of wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, was conducted in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields in Eastern Colorado. In 2013, results showed sawfly infestations concentrated in the northern part of the state with only a few highly infested sites, with 38 of the 94 sampled sites having any infestation (five of which had &gt;50% infestation levels). By 2020 sawfly had been found in all eastern counties sampled, and 72 of the 106 sites sampled were found to contain sawfly (11 of which had &gt;50% infestation levels). The spread of this pest across the Colorado wheat-growing region will have lasting economic effects. The information gathered from this and future surveys will inform wheat variety development and aid in management decisions made by growers across the state.

Changes in the Ultrastructure of the Root Tip of Wheat Following Exposure to Aluminium

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
MLD Lima ◽  
L Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Cortical Layers ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Fermentative Metabolism

Investigations have been carried out on morphological changes induced by aluminium ions in roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Vulcan). Lesions were evident on the surface of the roots after 4-8 h of exposure, and within 24 h there was increased vacuolation, loss of turgor, and severe cytoplasmic disorganisation in epidermal and peripheral cap cells. The central cap and cortical layers were also severely damaged by aluminium, but changes in the meristematic cells became evident only after more prolonged exposure of roots to aluminium. Mobilisation of starch in amyloplasts of peripheral and central cap cells of aluminium-stressed roots was particularly noticeable, and this was accompanied by an increase in the amount of extractable activity of starch-degrading enzymes. The possibility that the mobilisation of starch is linked to a coincident increase in fermentative metabolism in Al-stressed wheat roots is considered.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. ON MICROBIOCENOSIS IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF WINTER WHEAT OF CHERNOZEM SOUTHERN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Egovtseva ◽  
◽  
T.N. Melnichuk ◽  
S.F. Abdurashitov ◽  
E.E. Andronov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Associative Bacteria ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Mineralization Processes

Pre-sowing inoculation with strains of associative bacteria is one of the promising methods for increasing the productivity of agricultural crops. These microorganisms are able to stimulate the growth processes of plants, improve their mineral nutrition, increase phytoimmunity and resistance to adverse factors. The aim of the research is to study the influence of strains with a high associative potential to Triticum aestivum L. on the microbiocenosis in the rhizosphere of soft wheat of several varieties grown on chernozem southern. The studies were carried out in 2018–2020 using three varieties – ‘Ermak’, ‘Bagheera’, ‘Lydia’. The experiments were laid on plots (accounting area – 25 m2) in systematic design, replicated four times. The climate of the study area is characterized as arid (steppe). Inoculation was carried out before wheat seeds sowing; option without treatment served as a control. Sampling was carried out in the most active phase – flowering (in May 2019 and 2020). In the course of the research, we found that changes in the number of microorganisms of various ecological-trophic groups of chernozem southern in the rhizosphere of wheat occur under the influence of bacterial strains associative to T. aestivum. Wheat variety ‘Bagheera’ was found to be the most responsive to seed bacterization; the average yield increase over two years of research was in the range of 0.2-0.4 t/ha or 5-10%. Calculation of coefficients and indices indicating the direction of mineralization processes in the soil made it possible to establish that inoculation promotes their activation. The results of the correlation analysis based on two-year data obtained after studying three varieties of winter wheat showed that the number of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter has the greatest influence on the yield – the correlation index is 0.81 at p <0.05.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS IN DIFFERENT WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) VARIETIES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona VAGUSEVICIENĖ ◽  
Sonata KAZLAUSKAITĖ ◽  
Aiste JUCHNEVICIENĖ ◽  
Asta BYLAITE ◽  
Audrone ŽEBRAUSKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Alcohol Extract

Dynamics of photosynthesis pigments in the leaves of different varieties of winter wheat during the vegetation period is analyzed in the paper. The accumulation of pigments in the plant depends on the physiological activity, growth and development of the plant, therefore the composition and content of photosynthesis pigments chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids reflect the general condition of the plant. The ratio of chlorophyll a / b for normal photosynthesis activity in the leaves of the plant should be at least 1:3. The object of the research is different varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - 'Artist', 'Edvin', 'Skagen', 'Bertold' and 'Viola'. Field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2015-2016. Soil type was identified as IDg8 - k (LVg - p - w - cc) - shallow calcareous luvisol (Calc (ar) i - Epihypogleyic Luvisols). Agrochemical parameters of the soil were determined using accepted analytical methods. The content of photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) in green leaf mass was determined in 96% ethyl alcohol extract applying spectrophotometric Wettstein method, “Genesys” 6 spectrophotometer. The photosynthesis productivity (Fpr) was calculated according to the formula: Fpr = 2 (M2-M1) / (L1 + L2) T. The accuracy of the data analysis was estimated according to the standard measurement deviation from the mean. The highest content of photosynthesis pigments has been accumulated by winter wheat variety 'Skagen'. The best result has been observed at the end of nodding stage. A lower content of photosynthesis pigments has been found in the leaves of 'Edvin', 'Viola' and 'Artist' varieties. The highest photosynthesis productivity of all winter wheat varieties has been recorded at the end of nodding stage, and decrease of photosynthesis productivity has been observed since milk maturity stage.

scholarly journals Participatory Evaluation and Selection of Improved Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum. L) Varieties in Northern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p80
Author(s):  
Berhanu Meles ◽  
Chekole Nigus ◽  
Atsede Teklu ◽  
Yonas G Mariam
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Variety Selection

Participatory variety selection trials were conducted in 2018 G.C in Laelay-maichew, Tahtay-maichew and Ahferom districts of central zone of Tigrai to evaluate the performance of improved bread wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Variety and to assess farmers’ criteria for bread wheat variety selection. Six improved bread wheat varieties (Mekelle-1, Mekelle-2, Ogolcho, Kingbird and Hedasse) including the most popular variety ‘Kakaba’ were used for the study at eighteen farmers (six from each district). The experiment was laid out using randomized complete block design at baby trial with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference among the tested varieties for most of the agronomic traits except for kernels per spike and harvest index in all the tested locations. In the preference ranking, farmers used their own traits of interest which were very important in their wheat varieties for selection. Hence, common criteria’s identified by the farmers to select the best varieties were; grain yield, biomass yield, earliness, disease resistance, spike length and seed size. Accordingly direct matrix ranking by farmers showed that Ogolcho was top ranked both at L/maichew and Ahferom followed by Kakaba, however Mekelle-1 was first ranked followed by Kakaba at T/maichew.  Therefore farmers of L/maichew and Ahferom were recommended to use Ogolcho and Kakaba, whereas Mekelle-1 was recommended for T/maichew.

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