EVALUATION OF PHYTOTOXICITY OF NATURAL MINERALS

An assessment of the phytotoxicity of natural (lime, zeolite and phosphorite) minerals and their nanostructured analogues (nanostructured lime, nanostructured water-zeolite suspension (NWZS), nanostructured water-phosphate suspension (NWPS) and a spine) has been carried out. a monocotyledonous test plant (spring wheat variety Ulyanovskaya-105) has a positive effect on all studied minerals. The length of the seedling among native minerals is stimulated by lime and phosphorite, among nanominerals - nanostructured lime and NWZS. All native minerals have a positive effect on biometric indicators, among nanostructural ones – nano-lime and NWPS. Seedling biomass is stimulated only by zeolite and NWZS. Thus, native zeolite has the best data on the length of the seedling (by 48.9 %), the length of the coleoptile (by 53.6 %) and the biomass of the seedling (by 16.1 %), and in NWZS - along the root length (by 12.8 %), root biomass (by 13.5 %) and seedling biomass (by 13.7 %). Thus, according to most indicators, the best are zeolite (among native ones) and NWZS (among nanostructured minerals).

Formation of structural elements of spring wheat productivity based on foliar application

This article provides analyzes of data of long-term production experiments (2016-2020) conducted on peasant farm enterprise Makarenko E.I. located in Volokonovsky district of the Belgorod region. The outcomes of a comprehensive assessment of applying a growth regulator and liquid micronutrient fertilizers on the Prokhorovka spring wheat variety are presented. The available data enabled to draw conclusions concerning the positive effect of the studied growth regulators and liquid micronutrients on the length of the growing season of wheat plants, which on average tended to decrease the growing season of experimental options from 2 to 13 days. Options implying the treatment of seeds and vegetative plants of spring wheat benefited productivity. On average, the spike length was greater by one plant, the number of spikelets and grain content were better than in the control. On average, over five years, the yield in the experiment varied from 2.39 t/ha to 3.04 t/ha, the increments to the control varied from Nerthus Planta Peg – 0.14 t/ha or 5.8% to Polydon N+ – 0.65 t/ha or 27.1%.

Biological and agronomical characters of spring wheat variety Darkhan-212

The study was conducted during 2015-2019 in IPAS. The spring wheat variety “Darkhan-212” was developed by a wheat breeding program from cross varieties Darkhan-140 and Darkhan-144 in 2005 and transferred to the State variety trial in 2019. Results of the yield trial shown the spring wheat variety “Darkhan-212” matured by 87 days, yielded 0.33 t/ha more than check variety Darkhan-34, have a high yield capacity (4.28 t/ha), a good bread-making quality, and a high tolerance to drought, lodging, shattering and diseases. The economic efficiency of the new variety was 181.5 thousand tugriks per hectare than check variety Darkhan-34. Зусах буудайн Дархан-212 сортын биологийн болон агрономийн онцлог шинжийг тогтоосон дүн “Үр тарианы селекцийн ажлын хөтөлбөр”-ийн дагуу жишиг сортоос нэмүү ургацтай, чанар сайтай, гадаад орчны тааламжгүй нөлөөнд тэсвэртэй сорт гаргах зорилгоор 2005 онд буудайн Дархан-140 сортыг Дархан-144 сорттой эвцэлдүүлж эрлийз удмаас шилэн сонголтын аргаар дундын болцтой Дархан-212 (СТ-485/09) сортыг гарган авсан. 5 жилийн буудайн үндсэн сорилтын дүнгээр уг сорт нь дунджаар 87 хоногт боловсордог, жишиг Дархан-34 сортоос 3.3 ц/га нэмүү ургацтай, усалгаагүй нөхцөлд 42.8 ц/га хүртэлх ургацын чадавхитай, ган, налалт, үрийн асгаралт, зонхилох өвчинд тэсвэртэй, уураг, цавуулгийн агуулалтаар MNS 0097:2010 хүчит буудайн стандартыг хангасан. Эдийн засгийн үзүүлэлтээр Дархан-212 сортыг жишиг Дархан-34 сорттой харьцуулахад нэгж талбайгаас 82500 төгрөгний нэмүү бүтээгдэхүүн үйлдвэрлэх боломжтой. Тариалангийн талбайн 30 хувь буюу 100 мянган га талбайд нэвтрүүлэхэд жилд 8.2 орчим тэрбум төгрөгний ашиг тариаланчид хүртэнэ. Иймээс 2019 онд Улсын сорт сорилтын зөвлөлөөр хэлэлцэж, газар тариалангийн төвийн бүсэд экологийн сорилтод дэвшүүлээд байна. Түлхүүр үг: селекци, эрлийз, сорилт, ургац, цавуулаг

Induction of Embryogenesis in the Culture of Isolated Microspores of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) haploids and doubled haploids are widely used in breeding, the investigations of a combinative variability and its stabilization in homozygotes. In four domestic varieties of winter wheats (Moskovskaya 56, Moskovskaya 39, Galina, Nemchinovskaya 24) and three domestic varieties of spring wheats (Ester, MIS, Amir). With spring wheat variety Falat as a control, the efficacy of embryogenesis in isolated microspores was tested using standard protocol for induction of direct embryo formation in the isolated microspore culture. In all winter varieties there was shown a low frequency of cytoplasmic strands, which are typical for the embryogenic microspores, whereas in the spring varieties it was high. After 4 days cultivation in the medium used for induction, the microspore viability decreased in winter varieties. and another 10 days later the Viable cells were not observed. The spring varieties developed the multicellular structures, which could produce embryos. The reference variety Falat produced 28 % of proembryoids, able mostly to further embryonic formation. Basing on these results, the protocol for inducing direct embryogenesis in wheat microspores was modified, including maltose concentration in medium, the conditions of spikelet heat treatment, the number of ovaries and time when they were added to the culture, the combination and concentration of hormones in the media for induction and cultivation.

The effectiveness of using zeolite in the processing of spring wheat seeds

The article presents the results of vegetation studies on dusting the seeds of agricultural crops with zeolite. The experiment used seeds of spring wheat variety Ulyanovskaya-105 and mechanically activated zeolite of the Tatar-Shatrashansk deposit of the Republic of Tatarstan. The activated zeolite was obtained by mechanical activation using a crushing and screening plant at OAO Zeolites of the Volga Region, the particle size is 0.20 mm. The effect of dusting seeds with zeolite in various doses (25 kg/t, 50 kg/t, 75 kg/t, and 100 kg/t) on the growth and development of spring wheat plants, as well as on the quality indicators of grain, has been evaluated. The results revealed a positive effect of agro mineral on such parameters as seed germination (increase by 2.0–12.0%), chlorophyll content in plants in the tillering phase (by 7.4–33.3%), as well as on morphometric and biochemical parameters - plant height (by 2.5% -10.1%), the number of grains in the ear (by 7.7%), plant biomass (by 1.7% -7.9%) and the protein content in the grain (by 0.6-4.2%).

The responsiveness of spring wheat to the use of biological preparations in the gray forest soils of the Fore Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan

For many years, the largest sown areas in the Republic of Tatarstan have been devoted to spring wheat. Revealing the effect of biological preparations on growth processes, plant resistance to unfavorable conditions and stresses is an important issue in the cultivation technology within the framework of biological agriculture. In studies conducted in 2018-2019 with the Ulyanovskaya 100 spring wheat variety, biological fungicides and an adaptogen were used to increase resistance to adverse conditions from the collection of the Kazan State Agrarian University. The complex use of biological fungicides in the conditions of gray forest soils made it possible to increase the yield of spring wheat by 10.6 %, and the combined use of biological fungicides and an adaptogen contributed to an increase in the yield to 15.2 %.