Antioxidatic and photochemical activity of photosynthetic apparatus of spring wheat at action of Рseudomonas syringae pv. аtrofaciens

Aim. A complex study of the impact of the consortium of humus-forming microorganisms in the composition of the biological preparation Extrakon, introduced into the rhizosphere, on the intact plants and plants, infected with phytopathogenic microorganisms Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens st. 9771 and Acholeplasma laid- lawii var. granulum st.118. Methods. Microbiological, physiological and biochemical, biophysical, statistical. The impact of the multifunctional biological preparation Extrakon, introduced into the soil, was studied using physiological and biochemical indices, in particular, catalase and peroxidase activity of tissues and the content of chlorophylls a and b, the photochemical activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and the grain performance of the intact spring wheat plants, Pechernianka cultivar, and plants, infected with phytopathogenic microorgan- isms P. syringae pv. atrofaciens st. 9771 and A. laidlawii var. granulum st. 118. Results. The application of the consortium of humus-forming microorganisms in the composition of the biological preparation Extrakon resulted in registered stabilizing protective impact on the pigment composition of the leaves of spring wheat plants and their photochemical activity, especially when infected with phytopathogenic bacteria. If the wheat plants were in- fected on the background of the introduction of preparation Extrakon into the soil, the losses in grain performance were reduced. Conclusions. The biological preparation Extrakon neutralizes the destructive effect, conditioned by the phytopathogens of species P. syringae pv. atrofaciens st. 9771 and A. laidlawii var. granulum st. 118, on the photosynthetic apparatus of the host plant. This impact leads to the increase in the content of pigments in the leaves and induces the development of the resistance to damage in the conditions of the oxidative stress with the increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes activity, especially catalase, in the tissues. This is accompanied with the increase in the photosynthetic activity of leaves and the grain performance of plants.

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ORMATION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS OF SPRING WHEAT CV. BAJENKA UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS

Rossiiskaia selskokhoziaistvennaia nauka ◽

10.31857/s2500262720060022 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 7-10

Author(s):

O.M. SNIGIREVA ◽

◽

YU.E. VEDERNIKOV ◽

G.A. BATALOVA ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulators ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus

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Effect of Membrane Fluidity on Photoinhibition of Isolated Thylakoids Membranes at Room and Low Temperature

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2001-5-609 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 56 (5-6) ◽

pp. 369-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maya Velitchkova ◽

Antoaneta Popova ◽

Tzvetelina Markova

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Membrane Fluidity ◽

Light Stress ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Thylakoid Membranes ◽

High Light Intensity ◽

Photochemical Activity ◽

High Light ◽

Time Dependencies

The relationship between thylakoid membrane fluidity and the process of photoinhibition at room and low (4 °C) temperature was investigated. Two different membrane perturbing agents - cholesterol and benzylalcohol were applied to manipulate the fluidity of isolated pea thylakoids. The photochemical activity of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII), polarographically determined, were measured at high light intensity for different time of illumination at both temperatures. The exposure of cholesterol- and benzylalcohol-treated thylakoid membranes to high light intensities resulted in inhibition of both studied photochemical activities, being more pronounced for PSII compared to PSI. Time dependencies of inhibition of PSI and PSII electron transport rates for untreated and membranes with altered fluidity were determined at 20 °C and 4 °C. The effect is more pronounced for PSII activity during low-temperature photoinhibition. The data are discussed in terms of the determining role of physico-chemical properties of thylakoid membranes for the response of photosynthetic apparatus to light stress.

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The effect of drought on the photosynthetic apparatus condition in some Ficus Carica cultivars

Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation ◽

10.36305/2019-2-151-109-119 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 109-119

Author(s):

T. B. Gubanova ◽

R. A. Pilkevich ◽

A. A. Kharchenko ◽

I. V. Bernatsky

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Photochemical Activity ◽

Fluorescence Induction ◽

Water Holding Capacity ◽

Ficus Carica ◽

Resistant Cultivar ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽

Water Holding

The results of field and laboratory studies of drought tolerance in some Ficus carica cultivars of various origins are presented. It has been found out that under the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea, the cultivar Sabrutsiya Rozovaya is characterized by high drought tolerance. Low resistance to dehydration was noted in the cultivars Vladimirska Krupna, Pomoriyskiy 6, Franziana Biella. It was revealed that in August, a decrease in water holding capacity occurs in all the studied cultivars. Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction (CFI) method, an integrated assessment of the photosynthetic apparatus in the leaves of Ficus carica cultivars under conditions of simulated wilting is given. It has been demonstrated that drought is the cause of decrease in the photosynthesis light phase efficiency, the part of chlorophyll involved in the transfer of energy from light harvesting antenna complexes to reaction centers and the enhancement of non-photochemical photo quenching. A resumption of photosynthetic activity was observed with the normalization of leaf water supply in the resistant cultivar Sabrutsiya Rozovaya and the medium-resistant cultivar Iyulskiy. In the cultivars characterized with low drought tolerance, Vladimirska Krupna, Pomoriyskiy 6 and Ranniy iz Sozopol, the resumption of the water content in leaves was followed by a decrease in the variable fluorescence and photochemical activity of PS 2, which indicates further stress development in these cultivars and high sensitivity of their photosynthetic apparatus to dehydration. During the fruit ripening, on the background of water holding capacity decrease, water deficit in leaf tissues within 20-25% results in irreversible disturbances in the photosynthetic apparatus activity in Ficus carica cultivars that is proved by a decrease in the viability index below the vitality norm and may adversely affect the preparation of plants for transition to a state of rest.

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Changes in photosynthetic apparatus of tobacco leaves in conditions of virus infection and shortage of nitrogen

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/10520-pps ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽

pp. 449-451

Author(s):

V.Z. Ulinets ◽

V.P. Polischuk

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Nitrogen Starvation ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Comparative Investigation ◽

Photochemical Activity ◽

Fluorescence Induction ◽

Ps Ii ◽

Tobacco Leaves ◽

Ps I

Data of the comparative investigation of the viral infection (TMV) and nitrogen starvation in the ratio of chlorophyll a/b, photochemical activity of PS I and PS II, pigment-protein structure of chloroplasts thylakoids and parameters of the fluorescence induction of tobacco leaves are presented. The changes of the structural and functional characteristics of the photosynthetic apparatus testify to negative influence of this factors on the function of both photosystems with primary inhibition of PS II.

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Physiological effect of citrate chelate nanoparticles on plants of wheat

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp4.02.028 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 28-36

Author(s):

V. Patyka ◽

H. Huliaieva ◽

I. Tokovenko ◽

V. Maksin ◽

V. Kaplunenko

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Control Level ◽

Physiological Effect ◽

Photochemical Activity ◽

Growth Processes ◽

Grain Productivity ◽

Foliar Treatment ◽

Phytotoxic Effect ◽

Mass Accumulation ◽

Nanoparticles Of Silver

Aim. Complex study on the physiological effect of citrate chelate nanoparticles of silver and copper on spring wheat plants under presowing soaking of seeds and foliar treatment of plants. Methods. Physiological, biochemical, bio- physical, microbiological, statistical. Results. The data on the physiological effect of the presowing soaking of seeds in the solutions of citrate chelate nanoparticles of silver and copper on growth processes and photochemical activity of leaves in laboratory conditions have been studied, analyzed, and summarized along with the effect of foliar treatment of spring wheat plants using the solutions of nanoparticles, and simulated phytoplasma (Acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum st. 118) on the elements of the performance of spring wheat plants in fi eld conditions. It was demonstrated that there was a considerable stimulating effect of presowing soaking of wheat seeds in 0.5 % and 1 % solutions of nanocomposites on the growth of leaves and mass accumulation of 6–7-day old sprouts. A considerable increase in the photochemical activity of the leaves of 7-day-old sprouts was found after presowing soaking in 0.5 % and 1 % solu- tions of nanocomposites which is in good agreement with the activation of growth processes. The negative effect of phytopathogens on the elements of grain productivity, fullness of grain in particular, was reduced in fi led conditions when wheat plants were infected and then treated with nanocomposites, though there was a weak phytotoxic effect of foliar treatment of intact plants with 1 % solution. Conclusions. A considerable stimulating physiological effect on the growth of leaves and mass accumulation of 6–7-day-old sprouts was established after the presowing soaking of spring wheat plants in 1 % and 0.5 % solutions of citrate chelate nanoparticles of silver and copper. The increase in photochemical activity was noted in the leaves of 7-day-old wheat plants in these conditions, namely, the increase in photochemistry effi ciency PSII, considerable decrease in stationary fl uorescence and considerable – almost trip- le – increase in the value of induction coeffi cient Ki (correlating with the activity of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase (RuBPco)) which testifi es to the increase in the intensity of photosynthetic processes in the leaf apparatus of juvenile wheat plants. The fi eld experiment established that infecting wheat plants with phytoplasma (A. laidlawii) resulted in the reduction of the grain productivity indices: the weight of 1,000 grains and grain productivity in g/plant – by 14.6 and 35.5 % respectively, whereas treating with 1 % solution of silver and copper nanocomposites inhibited this process to some extent, promoting the increase in these parameters almost to the control level. The treatment of infected plants with nanoparticles led to a notable increase in the percentage of full grains. There was a weak phytotoxic effect after foliar treatment of intact wheat plants using nanocomposite solution.

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The Photosynthetic Apparatus of Ectothiorhodospira halochloris 3. Effect of Proteolytic Digestion on the Photoactivity

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1986-9-1013 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 41 (9-10) ◽

pp. 873-880 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. Steiner ◽

B. Kalumenos ◽

H. Scheer

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Reaction Center ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Photochemical Activity ◽

Proteinase K ◽

Proteolytic Digestion ◽

Polypeptide Composition ◽

Difference Spectra ◽

Ectothiorhodospira Halochloris ◽

The One

Abstract Photsynthetic membranes of Rhodopseudomonas virids and Ectothiorhodospira halochloris were treated with proteinase K. The photochemical activity (light minus dark difference spectra) were compared to the polypeptide composition (SDS-polyacrylamide gel analysis). In E. halochloris, difference bands appear at 806 (+), 838 (+) and 854 nm (-) . All three decrease in intensity upon incubation with proteinase K., but this decrease is much slower than the proteolysis of both the reaction center and antenna related polypeptides. Photochemical activity remains high as long as a small part of the RC and two lower molecular weight polypeptides M* (22.0 kDa) and B* (15.3 kDa) are present. The M subunit is the most stable polypeptide in the RC of Rp. viridis too, and the photochemical activity is related to the remainder of this and to the one newly formed polypeptide (15.3 kDa), but doesn’t show the typical absorption shift of the antenna (B 800/1020 → B 800/960). The results are discussed quantitatively and compared to those obtained from Bchl α containing organisms.

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Influence of trace elements, applied in classical and nano forms, on photosynthesis of higher plants in relation to enhancement of crop productivity

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp7.03.071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 71-85

Author(s):

G. O. Priadkina

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Photochemical Activity ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽

Synthetic Pigments

One of the main factors of increasing the productivity of agricultural plants is intensifying the activity of the photo- synthetic apparatus, since the productivity of crops depends on the ability to absorb solar radiation and convert it into the energy of chemical bonds for further use in metabolic processes. The amount of photosynthetically active radia- tion absorbed by crops, in its turn, depends on the area, duration, and activity of the assimilation surface functioning. The use of fertilizers, that contain trace elements, can further achieve both raising the yield of cultivated plants and environmental protection. In this regard, the state-of-the-art research on the infl uence of the main trace elements (iron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, selenium, boron, titanium) and one macroelement - magnesium - on photosynthetic characteristics of plants and crops is discussed. Based on the literature data and the results of our own research, we documented the effect of trace elements on leaves carbon dioxide exchange rates, the content of photo- synthetic pigments, the antioxidant enzymes activity, as well as the traits of the photosynthetic apparatus capacity. The infl uence of nanometals on the content and ratio of pigments, net CO 2 assimilation rate, and the photochemical activity of photosystems, including the effect of stress factors, is discussed. The specifi cities of the infl uence of nanometals are discussed and possible mechanisms of the effect of low concentrations of trace elements on plant metabolism are analyzed. It is shown that trace elements infl uence photosynthetic processes in plants and the systems of their antioxi- dant protection. The relevance of trace elements in the development of new strategies to elaborate the technologies of cultivating next-generation plants, including those that will be based on new physical and chemical properties of macro- and micronutrients in a nano form, is highlighted

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