Physiological effect of citrate chelate nanoparticles on plants of wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
V. Patyka ◽  
H. Huliaieva ◽  
I. Tokovenko ◽  
V. Maksin ◽  
V. Kaplunenko

Aim. Complex study on the physiological effect of citrate chelate nanoparticles of silver and copper on spring wheat plants under presowing soaking of seeds and foliar treatment of plants. Methods. Physiological, biochemical, bio- physical, microbiological, statistical. Results. The data on the physiological effect of the presowing soaking of seeds in the solutions of citrate chelate nanoparticles of silver and copper on growth processes and photochemical activity of leaves in laboratory conditions have been studied, analyzed, and summarized along with the effect of foliar treatment of spring wheat plants using the solutions of nanoparticles, and simulated phytoplasma (Acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum st. 118) on the elements of the performance of spring wheat plants in fi eld conditions. It was demonstrated that there was a considerable stimulating effect of presowing soaking of wheat seeds in 0.5 % and 1 % solutions of nanocomposites on the growth of leaves and mass accumulation of 6–7-day old sprouts. A considerable increase in the photochemical activity of the leaves of 7-day-old sprouts was found after presowing soaking in 0.5 % and 1 % solu- tions of nanocomposites which is in good agreement with the activation of growth processes. The negative effect of phytopathogens on the elements of grain productivity, fullness of grain in particular, was reduced in fi led conditions when wheat plants were infected and then treated with nanocomposites, though there was a weak phytotoxic effect of foliar treatment of intact plants with 1 % solution. Conclusions. A considerable stimulating physiological effect on the growth of leaves and mass accumulation of 6–7-day-old sprouts was established after the presowing soaking of spring wheat plants in 1 % and 0.5 % solutions of citrate chelate nanoparticles of silver and copper. The increase in photochemical activity was noted in the leaves of 7-day-old wheat plants in these conditions, namely, the increase in photochemistry effi ciency PSII, considerable decrease in stationary fl uorescence and considerable – almost trip- le – increase in the value of induction coeffi cient Ki (correlating with the activity of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase (RuBPco)) which testifi es to the increase in the intensity of photosynthetic processes in the leaf apparatus of juvenile wheat plants. The fi eld experiment established that infecting wheat plants with phytoplasma (A. laidlawii) resulted in the reduction of the grain productivity indices: the weight of 1,000 grains and grain productivity in g/plant – by 14.6 and 35.5 % respectively, whereas treating with 1 % solution of silver and copper nanocomposites inhibited this process to some extent, promoting the increase in these parameters almost to the control level. The treatment of infected plants with nanoparticles led to a notable increase in the percentage of full grains. There was a weak phytotoxic effect after foliar treatment of intact wheat plants using nanocomposite solution.

Author(s):  
A.O. Smirnova ◽  
◽  
O.V. Rybachuk ◽  

In this paper, we consider two ways for obtaining hymatomelanic acid extraction into conventional Soxhlet extractions: directly from the peat and from the dry product of humic acid. The results of the study of the elemental composition of humic and hymatomelanic acids are presented, their similarities and differences are analyzed. In order to study the effect of humic and hymatomelanic acid preparations on the growth processes of spring wheat, a vegetation experiment was conducted. Peculiarities of biological action of the solutions and hymatomelanic and humic acids of different concentrations in spring wheat varieties “IREN” were investigated. The paper presents a method for determining the ash content of the studied peat, as well as, calculations of the economic feasibility of using preparations based on the hymatomelanic acids.


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
A. A. Razina ◽  
F. S. Sultanov ◽  
О. G. Dyatlova

The results of studying resistance of mid-ripening spring wheat cultivars to root rot in the forest-steppe zone of Irkutsk region are presented. The study was conducted in a two-factor field experiment. Factor A – mid-ripening spring wheat cultivars: Tulunskaya 11 (control), Zoryana, Маrsianka, Stolypinka (new cultivars). Factor B – seeding dates: May 10, 20, 30, preceded by fallow. The experimental plot area was 70.0 m2. The experiment was repeated three times. Plot arrangement was randomized. Root rot prevalence was determined during the tillering phase of the crop. In 2018, the sowing dates did not affect the disease due to the long spring-summer drought (May-June) and a higher average daily temperature compared to long-term average values. In arid and cold conditions of May 2019, with the late sowing period (May 30), root rot prevalence was significantly lower than when sowing on May 10 and 20. In 2019, a higher level of the disease was registered than in 2018 by 14.3%. Significant differences in root rot prevalence in both years of research were noted between the control cultivar Tulunskaya 11 and the new cultivars of spring wheat Zoryana and Stolypinka. In the tillering phase of the latter two, disease indicators were lower by 5.6% and 10.5% in 2018, and by 8.8% and 7.9% in 2019, respectively. Маrsianka cultivar was at the control level for this indicator. The best cultivar under study was Stolypinka, which was not only less affected by root rot, but also gave a statistically significant yield increase of 0.16 t/ ha in 2018 and 0.22 t/ha in 2019.


2021 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Yulia Pavlovna Tarasenkova

This article presents the results of a study of spring wheat with the application of biological products. The positive effect of drugs on growth processes and productivity has been established. The conditions of spring wheat cultivation with the use of biologics and their influence on the yield of spring wheat were studied. The purpose of our research was to study the effect of biological preparations on the efficiency of growing spring wheat in light chestnut soils. Results of the presented studies on the impact on yield using growth stimulants and strains: flavobacterin 30, mizorin 7, strain 5S-2, strain 8 on spring wheat varieties: Esther, Lada, Lubava, in the Astrakhan region for 2016-2018. The results showed that when seeds were treated with growth promoters and strains, almost all variants increased their yield.


Author(s):  
V.M. Pakhomova ◽  
◽  
A.I. Daminova ◽  
A.Yu. Kozhevnikov ◽  
I.V. Galiyakhmetov ◽  
...  

The purpose of the article was to study the resistance of spring wheat under the influence of foliar treatment of plants with silicate bacteria according to lipid peroxidation (LP) and yield. The studies were conducted on spring wheat (variety ‘MiS’). The cultivation technology is typical wheat in this agroclimatic zone. The foliar treatment was carried out with a culture of bacteria Bacillus oligonitrophilus by spraying at the rate of 0.5 l/m2 of bacteria suspension containing 109 cells/ml (equally to 100% concentration). Field experiment design: option 1 – plants without treatment (control); option 2 – treatment with B. oligonitrophilus fertilizers at the stage of tillering; option 3 – treatment with B. oligonitrophilus fertilizers at the stage of tillering/stem elongation; option 4 – treatment with B. oligonitrophilus at the stage of tillering/stem elongation/heading. The activity of LP in wheat leaves was identified according to the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). The content of MDA was determined photometrically during interaction with thiobarbiturate. Wheat yield increase was observed in options 3 and 4 (by 11 and 15%, respectively). The content of MDA decreased in all phases of wheat vegetation in the same experimental options (by 14 and 21%, respectively), which indicated the antioxidant effect of the studied preparation. Thus, the bacterization of wheat with B. oligonitrophilus leads to the plant resistance increase. The protective effect is probably due to the action of a complex of their biologically active substances (metabolites) including the antioxidant mechanism of action.


2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juozas Pekarskas ◽  
Algirdas Gavenauskas ◽  
Anželika Dautartė

The research of the biological preparation Fertenat effect on spring wheat was investigated at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic Luvisol (LVG-pw-cc) during 2013–2014. Spring wheat was grown according to the requirements of the National Agricultural Products Quality System. Biological preparation Fertenat had a significant effect on the elements of spring wheat yield structure and the values of chemical composition parameters, influenced by the rates of biological preparation and meteorological conditions. A strong correlation was found between the Fertenat rates and spring wheat plant stem and ear length, grain number per ear, total and productive stem number of one plant and 1 000 grain and hectolitre weight. The correlation between the biological preparation rates and protein, wet and dry gluten was strong as well. A strong correlation between the biological preparation rates and starch amount in grain was found in 2013, while in 2014 this correlation was moderate. The application of biological preparation Fertenat increased the spring wheat yield by 0.05–0.30 t ha–1 or by 2.29–13.76 percent units and by 0.02–0.41 t ha–1 or 0.40–8.23 percent units. The application of 6 l ha–1 and higher Fertenat rates significantly increased the spring wheat yield. Small 1–3 l ha–1 rates are inefficient. The correlation between the Fertenat rates and grain productivity was strong.


Author(s):  
R. A. Maksimova ◽  
E. M. Ermolova

Wheat is the main and most important food crop in most countries of the world. It is cultivated in more than 80 countries. The purpose of the work was to study the effect of the growth stimulator Agrostimulin on the sowing traits of wheat seeds. The growth regulator Agrostimulin promotes accelerated division of plant cells, the development of a more powerful root system, an increase in the leaf surface area and chlorophyll content, reduces the phytotoxic effect of pesticides, has an antimutagenic effect, improves the quality of grown products, increases productivity, plant resistance to diseases, stress factors, resistance to adverse environmental factors (hypothermia, overheating, lack or excess of light and moisture). Its use makes it possible to reduce the rates of application of pesticides when using the drug 3–5 times during the vegetation period. The use of the growth stimulator Agrostimulin in the cultivation of spring wheat Omskaya 36 has been reflected in the article. Studies on the sowing traits of spring wheat seeds, phenological observations have been carried out. The yield of wheat Omskaya 36 variety with the use of the growth regulator Agrostimulin was 20 c/ha, which was by 2,1 c/ha or 11,7 % higher compared to the previous year. It has been revealed that the length of the vegetation period in wheat treated with the growth regulator Agrostimulin was 89 days, which was by 7 days less compared to the control. Thus, it has been experimentally proved that the treatment of spring wheat seeds Omskaya 36 with the growth regulator Agrostimulin shortens the growing season and increases its yield.


Author(s):  
O. V. Pavlova ◽  
◽  
L. A. Marchenkova ◽  
R. F. Chavdar ◽  
T. G. Orlova ◽  
...  

The adaptive properties of spring wheat lines with foreign genetic material at the early stages of ontogenesis on the backgrounds of salinization with sodium chloride and prolonged flooding of seeds in water were evaluated. In the course of the work, different degrees of inhibition of growth processes were revealed, depending on the factor used and the genetic characteristics of the studied forms, a comprehensive (summary) assessment of the index of stability characterizing adaptability to adverse environmental factors was shown.


1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Guillebeau ◽  
J. N. All ◽  
F. W. Nutter ◽  
C. Kuhn

Aqueous solutions of rubidium chloride, RbCl, (10 g/1, 10,000 ppm) were applied to foliage or soil of potted bell pepper and tomato. After 48 h, green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) and potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas) were transferred to pepper and tomato, respectively. Leaf and aphid samples were collected after 6 d; remaining aphids were transferred to untreated plants. Aphid samples were collected periodically for 5 to 7 d. All samples were analyzed for Rb content. Results were similar for the pepper and tomato experiments. Soil-drench treatment produced significantly greater levels of Rb in leaf and initial aphid samples relative to foliar treatment. Levels of Rb in aphids from the two treatments were comparable after aphids fed on untreated plants for 24 h. Levels of Rb in aphids declined rapidly after removal from the source: undetectable by Day 6 in the potato experiment and reduced by nearly 90% by Day 5 in the tomato experiment. Foliar application of RbCl solution should be used in field situations. Application is more precise, and the length of detection is comparable with soil drench. Additionally, soil drenching with Rb produced an initially high peak of Rb in the aphids, which may have a physiological effect.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document