scholarly journals Bioremediation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil From an Abadoned Illegal Crude Oil Refining Site Using Organic Amendments

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Douglas Salome Ibietela ◽  
Ugboma CJ ◽  
Onwukwe JO
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Oil Refining

scholarly journals Physicochemical Indices of Phyto Remediated Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil and the Effect of Bio-nutrient Amendment

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-33
Author(s):  
J. O. Dasetima-Altraide ◽  
D. N. Ogbonna ◽  
T. K. S. Abam ◽  
A. E. Gobo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Nutrient Supplements ◽  
Test Plants

Aim: To assess the Physicochemical indices of Phytoremediated Crude Oil polluted amended soil using grass plant Cyperus esculentus (Cyp) and Phyllanthus amarus (Phy). Study Design: The study employs experimental design, statistical analysis of the data and interpretation. Place and Duration of Study: Rivers State University demonstration farmland in Nkpolu- Oroworukwo, Mile 3 Diobu area of Port Harcourt, was used for this study. The piece of land is situated at Longitude 4°48’18.50” N and Latitude 6ᵒ58’39.12” E measuring 5.4864 m x 5.1816 m with a total area of 28.4283 square meter. Phytoremediation process monitoring lasted for 240 days; analyses were carried out monthly at 30 days’ interval. Methodology: The study was carried out on Crude Oil Polluted soil (PS) amended with bio-nutrient supplements (Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) and selected fungi (Aspergillus niger(AN) andMucor racemosus (MR)) used to stimulate and augment the indigenous microbial population present in a crude oil polluted soil thereby enhancing hydrocarbon reduction in pari per sue with phytoremediation (uptake of Crude oil by test plants) over a period of 240 days. Ten (10) experimental plots (two Control (Unpolluted and polluted soil without amendment) and eight polluted amended/treated plots) employing Randomized Block Design (each having dimensions: 100 x 50 x 30 cm LxBxH); formed and mapped out on agricultural soil and left fallow for 6 days before contamination on the seventh day; after which it was allowed for 21 days for proper contamination and exposure to natural environmental factors (to mimic soil crude oil spill site); thereafter nutrients/organics (biostimulating agents) and bioaugmenting organisms were applied. Baseline studies were carried out on soil profile before and after contamination, major parameters monitored and assayed were Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) uptake by plant roots and stem, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and TPH reduction in soil. Other physicochemical properties analyzed in the soil from different plots were pH, Electrical Conductivity, Moisture Content, Total Nitrogen, Available Phosphorus, Potassium, Total Organic Carbon, Plant Height, Iron, Lead and Zinc at regular intervals; days 1, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 & 240. The rate of phytoremediation was estimated from percentage (%) uptake of Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in plant roots and stem from day 1 -240; while percentage (%) reduction of TPH and PAHs in soil was estimated from day 1 to the residual at day 240. Results: The test plants decreased significant amount of crude oil as revealed in TPH uptake in their roots and Stem. Mean amount and percentage Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) uptake by Cyperus esculentus roots and stem were; 152.33±50.34mg/kg, 12.57±4.16% and 201.13±8.80mg/kg, 13.27±0.58% respectively; while that of Phyllanthus amarusroots and stem were 141.50±35.62mg/kg, 11.68±2.94% and 174.44±19.98mg/kg, 11.51±1.32% respectively; revealing higher Uptake of TPH in plant stem than roots. From the initial TPH contamination value of 5503.00mg/kg, it was observed that plots planted with Cyperus esculentus (TPH 5492.75±76.36mg/kg) showed higher reduction of TPH from soil than those planted with Phyllanthus amarus(TPH 5449.72±18.27mg/kg); while PAHs degradation/reduction showed a reverse trend with plots planted with Phyllanthus amarus (PAHs 28.72±2.74mg/kg; 60.46±5.77%) higher than plots planted with Cyperus esculentus s (PAHs 25.77±2.12mg/kg, 54.24±4.47%). Conclusion: Plots planted with Cyperus esculentus showed higher reduction of TPH from soil than those planted with Phyllanthus amarus while PAHs degradation/reduction in plots planted with Phyllanthus amarus was higher than plots planted with Cyperus esculentus. TPH uptake was higher in plant stems than roots; more so, plots amended with nutrient supplements showed significant higher percentage reduction in hydrocarbon in the polluted soil than unamended polluted soil. It is therefore recommended that Cyperus esculentus is a suitable plant species for phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil with high TPH value while Phyllanthus amarusis the best option in phytoremediation of polluted soil with high PAHs value, both in combination with bio-nutrient supplement.

scholarly journals Percentage Bioremediation Assessment of Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) and Mucor racemosus in Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
D. N. Ogbonna ◽  
S. A. Ngah ◽  
R. N. Okparanma ◽  
O. Ule ◽  
R. R. Nrior
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽  
Mucor Racemosus ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess Percentage Bioremediation of Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) and Mucor racemosus in hydrocarbon contaminated soil Place and Duration of Study: A portion of Rivers State University demonstration farmland in Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Mile 3 Diobu area of Port Harcourt, Rivers State was used for this study. The piece of land is situated at Longitude 4°48’18.50’’N and Latitude 6o58’39.12’’E measuring 5.4864 m x 5.1816 m with a total area of 28.4283 m2. Bioremediation monitoring lasted for 56 days, analysis carried out weekly (per 7 days’ interval). Methodology: Five (5) experimental plots employing the Randomized Block Design were used each having dimensions of 100 x 50 x 30 cm (Length x Breadth x Height) = 150,000cm3. Baseline study of the uncontaminated and the deliberately contaminated agricultural soil was investigated for its microbiota and physico-chemical properties. Two of these plots were designated as pristine (Unpolluted soil) (CTRL 1) and crude oil contaminated soil without nutrient organics and bioaugmenting microbes (CTRL 2); these two serve as controls. Each of the experimental plots, except the control (CTRL 1), was contaminated with 2500 cm3 (2122.25 g) of crude oil giving initial Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) value of 8729.00 mg/kg. The crude oil polluted soil in Plot 3 was further treated with 750 ml of Mucor racemosus broth (CS+Muc), Plot 4 was treated with 3000 g of Spent Mushroom Substrate (CS+SMS) while plot 5 was treated with the combination of both (CS+Muc+SMS). The plots were left for 7 days to ensure even distribution and soil-oil bonding. Sampling was done at seven-day interval (Day 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56).  Physicochemical parameters monitored were pH, Temperature, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) throughout the experimental period. Microbial parameters monitored were Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB), Total Heterotrophic Fungi (THF), Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB) and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi (HUF). Percentage (%) Bioremediation was estimated from percentage (%) reduction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) from day 1 to day 56 in relation to control plots.  Net % Bioremediation were also assessed to ascertain the actual potential of treatment agents singly or combined. Results: Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB) (CFU/g) recorded on day 7 and day 56 of the bioremediation were; day 7; CTRL 1 – US (1.07 x109), CTRL- CS (5.4 x108), CS+Muc (3.0 x108), CS+SMS (4.6 x108) and CS+Muc+SMS (5.0 x108). On day 56, data obtained were CTRL 1 –US (9.4 x108), CTRL 2 –CS (7.2 x109), CS+Muc (3.7 x108), CS+SMS (8.1x108) and CS+Muc+SMS (6.8 x108). The increase in number in the treated plots is a depiction of an increase in activity of the organism and the stimulating effect of bio-organics SMS while the untreated plot CTRL 1-US showed decrease in population at day 56. Similar trend showed for Total Heterotrophic Fungi. Generally, it was observed that the highest growth/ count was recorded at the 7th and 8th week (day 42 or day 49), at the 9th week there was an observable decrease; probably due to depletion of nutrients and other factors such as rainfall and seepage. The Net Percentage Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria and Fungi (Net %HUB and Net %HUF) were highest in Crude Oil contaminated plot treated with Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) singly; that is (CS+SMS) (11.02% and 12.07%) and lowest in the uncontaminated soil – Control (CTRL 1 –US) (5.41% and 9.26%) respectively. The trend in decreasing order of Net % Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria were as follows: CS+SMS (11.02%) > CS+Muc+SMS (10.14%) > CS+Muc (9.43%) > CTRL 2 –CS (8.1%) > CTRL 1 –US (5.41%) while Net % Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi followed similar trend and were: CS+SMS (12.07%) > CS+Muc+SMS (11.76%) = CS+Muc (11.76%) > CTRL 2 –CS (11.05%) > CTRL 1 –US (9.26%). Evaluation of Amount of Crude Oil or Hydrocarbon remediated and Net %Bioremediation revealed Crude Oil contaminated plot augmented with Mucor racemosus broth singly (CS+Muc) as having the highest bioremediation potential while the least is the untreated soil. The trend is as follows:  CS+Muc (8599.19 mg/kg; 33.93%) > CS+Muc+SMS (8298.95 mg/kg; 32.74%) > CS+SMS (8197.03 mg/kg; 32.34%) > CTRL 2 –CS (166.54 mg/kg; 0.66%) > CTRL 1 –US (85.48 mg/kg; 0.34%) Conclusion: This shows that a single nutrient substrate or augmenting microorganism applied appropriately may have a more positive result, that is; higher bioremediation potential than combined or multiple mixed treatments. It was further observed that microbial counts decreased with time in treatments with augmenting organisms alone but increased considerably in treatments supplement with organics having its peak on the 49th day.   It is therefore recommended that bioremediation of crude oil-polluted soil using bio-augmenting microorganism should be applied appropriately noting the volume: area ratio and be supplemented with efficient nutrient organics after every 49-day interval.

scholarly journals Bioremediation Potential of Native Hydrocarbons Degrading Bacteria in Crude Oil Polluted Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana MARINESCU ◽  
Anca LACATUSU ◽  
Eugenia GAMENT ◽  
Georgiana PLOPEANU ◽  
Vera CARABULEA
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Inoculum ◽  
Native Crude ◽  
Petroleum Pollutants

Bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil is an effective process to clean petroleum pollutants from the environment. Crude oil bioremediation of soils is limited by the bacteria activity in degrading the spills hydrocarbons. Native crude oil degrading bacteria were isolated from different crude oil polluted soils. The isolated bacteria belong to the genera Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, Arthrobacter and Bacillus. A natural biodegradable product and bacterial inoculum were used for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal from an artificial polluted soil. For soil polluted with 5% crude oil, the bacterial top, including those placed in the soil by inoculation was 30 days after impact, respectively 7 days after inoculum application, while in soil polluted with 10% crude oil,  multiplication top of bacteria was observed in the determination made at 45 days after impact and 21 days after inoculum application, showing once again how necessary is for microorganisms habituation and adaptation to environment being a function of pollutant concentration. The microorganisms inoculated showed a slight adaptability in soil polluted with 5% crude oil, but complete inhibition in the first 30 days of experiment at 10% crude oil.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of soil polluted with Iraqi crude oil using grass plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 05019
Author(s):  
Abdul Hameed Al-Obaidy ◽  
Riyad Al-Anbari ◽  
Sarah Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Remediation Technology ◽  
University Of Technology

Remediation technology is a promising technique that decreases pollutants like hydrocarbons from the environment. An experimental work was done at green house of University of Technology in order to study the effect of crude oil on the plant growth and to measure the decrement which happened on shoot height, germination rate and the reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), which resulted by this phytoremediation technique. The samples of soil were measured for TPH reduction and removal by Horiba model OCMA - 350. Five doses were used in this experiment (0 control, 10x103, 30 x103, 50 x103, 75 x103) (mg crude oil / kg soil) or (ppm). The greater efficiency was obtained in the treatment 50 x103 ppm seeded with cotton, in which cotton removed 50.66% of the primary TPHs from soil. Results showed that the employed vegetate species were promising and effective in reducing and removing TPHs from freshly polluted soil.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Organic Nutrient Supplements and Bioaugmenting Microorganisms on Crude Oil Polluted Soils

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
David N. Ogbonna ◽  
I. K. E. Ekweozor ◽  
Renner R. Nrior ◽  
Festus E. Ezinwo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Baseline Study ◽  
Organic Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Supplements ◽  
Goat Manure ◽  
Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of organic nutrient supplements and bioaugmenting microorganisms on crude oil polluted soils. Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Agriculture Demonstration Farm, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt Nigeria. Methodology: Baseline study of a deliberately polluted agricultural soil was investigated for its microbiota from which selected fungal and bacterial isolates were obtained. Microbial analyses of goat manure, fish wastes and crude oil polluted soil were investigated. Using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) the land was partitioned into nine (9) blocks of 100 cm x 50 cm x 20 cm (Length x Breath x Height) giving 100,000 cm3 each. Two of these plots were designated as pristine (Unpolluted soil) and crude oil polluted soil without nutrient organics and bioaugmenting microbes to serve as controls respectively. Each of the experimental plots, except the control, was contaminated with 1,700 g of crude oil giving initial Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) value of 9.296.825 mg/kg. The plots were left for 21 days to ensure even distribution and soil-oil bonding. All plots except Control 1 (plot 1) were separately and deliberately contaminated with 1,700 g of crude oil given Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) value of 9.296.825 mg/kg. Sampling was done at seven day interval (Day 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56).  Parameters monitored were Nitrate, Sulphate, Phosphate, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), were monitored throughout the experimental period. Microbial analyses such as Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB), Total Heterotrophic Fungi (THF), Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB) and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi (HUF). Percentage (%) Bioremediation was estimated from percentage (%) reduction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) from day 1 to day 56 in relation to control plots. Results: Two fungal; Aspergillus niger (Asp), Mucor racemosus (Muc); and two bacterial species – Bacillus armyloliqquefaciens strain FJAT-45825 (Bac) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CL 9 (Pse) isolated from a baseline study showed biodegradability potentials. The physicochemical characteristics of organic nutrient supplement - goat manure (GM) and fish wastes (FW) employed in the study showed that it contained valuable sources of organic nutrients which enhanced the bioremediation process of the Crude oil polluted soil (PS). Mean counts of Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB) and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi {HUF} (Log10 CFU/g) respectively were: Control 2 which is crude oil Polluted soil (PS) (5.52±0.47, 4.92±0.29); PS+GM (5.832±0.68, 5.33±0.54); PS+FW (5.76±0.40, 5.10±0.40); PS+GM+FW (5.706±0.61, 5.17±0.27); PS+Asp+Muc (5.722±0.48, 5.08±0.49); PS+Bac+Pse (5.34±0.69, 5.01±0.52}; PS+Asp+Muc+Bac+Pse (5.652±0.48, 5.10±0.52}; PS+Asp+Muc+Bac+Pse+GM+FW (5.212±0.40, 4.76±0.53}. Evaluation of Bioremediation revealed the actual amount of crude oil (hydrocarbon) reduction and its percentage value from the initial contamination value of 9296.83 mg/kg during the period of 56days as PS+Asp+Muc+Bac+ Pse+GF+FW (9152.315 mg/kg; 98.45%) > PS+Bac+Pse+GF+FW (8032.825 mg/kg; 86.40%) > PS+GF+FW (6867.825mg/kg; 73.87%) > PS+Asp+Muc+GF+FW (6599.825 mg/kg; 70.99%) > PS+Bac+Pse (6587.825mg/kg; 70.86%) > PS+FW (6441.825 mg/kg; 69.29%) > PS+GM (5909.825 mg/kg; 63.57%) > PS+Asp+Muc+Bac+Pse (5081.825 mg/kg; 54.66%) > CTRL 2 (Polluted soil without amendment) (3604.825 mg/kg; 38.78%). Conclusion: Results obtained from this study has shown that goat manure and fish wastes due to their high moisture and nutrient content properties makes them appropriate agents for enhanced bioremediation. It further revealed that a combination of biostimulating and bioaugmentating agents creates more favorable conditions for biological activity to thrive and has shown to be effective, economical, eco-friendly and sustainable in remediating organic pollutants from polluted soils.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Microbial Augmented Soil Using Cyperus esculentus and Phyllanthus amarus

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-49
Author(s):  
J. O. Dasetima-Altraide ◽  
D. N. Ogbonna
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Percentage Reduction

Aim: To assess the phytoremediation potential of Cyperus esculentus and Phyllanthus amarus in crude oil polluted soil and ascertain the enhancement of augmented microbes (fungi). Study Design: The study employs experimental design, statistical analysis of the data and interpretation.  Place and Duration of Study: Rivers State University demonstration farmland in Nkpolu- Oroworukwo, Mile 3 Diobu area of Port Harcourt, was used for this study. The piece of land is situated at Longitude 4°48’18.50” N and Latitude 6ᵒ58’39.12” E measuring 5.4864 m x 5.1816 m with a total area of 28.4283 square meter. Phytoremediation process monitoring lasted for 240 days, analyses were carried out weekly at 30 days’ interval.  Methodology: Seven (7) experimental plots (two Control (Unpolluted and polluted soil) and five polluted amended/treated plots) employing Randomized Block Design (each having dimensions: 100 x 50 x 30 cm LxBxH) were formed and mapped out on agricultural soil and left fallow for 6 days before contamination on the seventh day; after which it was allowed for 21 days for proper contamination and exposure to natural environmental factors (to mimic soil crude oil spill site); thereafter bioaugmenting organisms were applied. Baseline studies were carried out on the top soil  before and after contamination, major parameters monitored and assessed were Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) uptake by plant roots and stem, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) and TPH reduction in soil.  Other physicochemical analyzed in the soil of different plots were pH, Electrical Conductivity, Moisture Content, Total Nitrogen, Available Phosphorus, Potassium, Total Organic Carbon, Plant Height, Iron, Lead at regular intervals; days 1, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 & 240. Application of augmenting organisms was to enhance phytoremediation by test plant Cyperus esculentus (Cyp) and Phyllanthus amarus (Phy). The rate of phytoremediation was estimated from percentage (%) uptake of Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in plant roots and stem from day 1 -240; while percentage (%) reduction of TPH and PAHs in soil was estimated from day 1 to the residual at day 240. Results: The test plants decreased significant amount of crude oil as revealed in TPH uptake in their roots and Stem.  Mean amount and percentage Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) uptake by Cyperus esculentus roots and stem were; 152.33±50.34mg/kg, 12.57±4.16% and 201.13±8.80mg/kg, 13.27±0.58% respectively; while that of Phyllanthus amarus roots and stem were 141.50±35.62mg/kg, 11.68±2.94% and 174.44±19.98mg/kg, 11.51±1.32% respectively. Similar trend was observed in the control plots were TPH uptake by Cyperus esculentus roots and stem were; 24.2mg/kg, 2.00% and 20.01mg/kg, 1.32% respectively while in control plot of Phyllanthus amarus TPH uptake by roots and stem were 23.19mg/kg, 1.91% and 19.80mg/kg, 1.31% respectively. Comparatively, uptake of TPH was higher in plant stem than roots. From the initial TPH contamination value of  5503.00mg/kg , Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Reduction and % Hydrocarbon Reduction in soil at 240 days in the different treatment plots in a decreasing order were as follows: PS+AN+MR+SMS+Phy (5470.9mg/kg; 99.43%) >PS+MR+SMS+Phy (5460.60mg/kg; 99.23%) >PS+AN+MR+Phy (5451.30mg/kg; 99.06%) >PS+MR+Cyp (5448.30mg/kg; 99.01%) >PS+AN+MR+Cyp (5440.00mg/kg; 98.86%) >PS+AN+Phy (5422.905mg/kg; 98.54%) >PS+Cyp (no amendment) (5380.90mg/kg; 97.78%). Comparative evaluation revealed higher reduction of PAHs in soil (plot) planted with Phyllanthus amarus. Highest PAHs reduction in soil was seen in PS+AN+MR+SMS+Phy (31.3mg/kg; 65.89%) while least was recorded in PS+ Cyp (no amendment) (23.4mg/kg, 49.26%). Conclusion: it was observed that plots planted with Cyperus esculentus (TPH 5492.75±76.36mg/kg) showed higher reduction of TPH from soil than those planted with Phyllanthus amarus (TPH 5449.72±18.27mg/kg); while PAHs degradation/reduction in plots planted with Phyllantus amarus (PAHs 28.72±2.74mg/kg; 60.46±5.77%) was higher than plots planted with Cyperus esculentus (PAHs 25.77±2.12mg/kg, 54.24±4.47%).  More so, plots amended with augmentating microbes showed significant higher percentage reduction in hydrocarbon in the polluted soil than unamended polluted soil. It is therefore recommended that Cyperus esculentus is a suitable plant species for phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil with high TPH value while Phyllanthus amarus is the best option for phytoremediation of polluted soil with high PAHs value, in combination with augmenting microbes.

scholarly journals Stimulating the Rate of Phytoremediation of Chromolaena odorata in Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Inorganic Urea

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
F. B. G. Tanee ◽  
K. Jude
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon Content

Investigation on the use of urea in stimulating the phytoremediation of Chromolaena odorata in a crude oil contaminated soil was carried out at a crude oil spilled site at Botem-Tai, Ogoni, Nigeria. Three phytoremediation treatments labeled A – C in addition to the control (D) were used. The treatments were: A (Chromolaena odorata only), B (Chromolaena odorata + 20 g/m2 urea), C (Chromolaena odorata + 40 g/m2 urea), D (polluted soil without phytoremediation) arranged using Latin Square Design (LSD). Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and Total hydrocarbon content (THC) in soil and plant samples from the different treatment plots in addition to other soil nutrients were analyzed. The percentage reduction in TPH and THC in soil were as follows: Treatment B, {TPH (92.08%) and THC (95.37%)} > treatment A {TPH (88.95%) and THC (93.37%)}> C {TPH (78.78%) and THC (83.29%)} > Control {TPH (14.76%) and THC (32.90%)}. Treatment C had the highest TPH (2.67 mg/kg) and THC (20.57 mg/kg) accumulation in test   plant. Combining stimulant (urea) with phytoremediation also improved soil properties such  as pH, Nitrogen and Potassium. With the highest reduction of TPH and THC in treatment B (phytoremediation with 20 g/m2 urea) than other treatments is an indication that low   concentration of urea has a stimulatory effect on phytoremediation of crude oil by Chromolaena odorata.

scholarly journals Myco-enhanced Bioremediation in Open Field Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Mucor racemosus and Aspergillus niger

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-141
Author(s):  
O. Ule ◽  
D. N. Ogbonna ◽  
R. N. Okparanma ◽  
R. R. Nrior
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Mucor Racemosus ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

Aim: To assess the Mycoremediation potential of Mucor racemosus and Aspergillus niger in open field crude oil contaminated soils in Rivers State, Nigeria.  Study Design: The study employs experimental design, statistical analysis of the data and interpretation. Place and Duration of Study: Rivers State University demonstration farmland in Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Mile 3 Diobu area of Port Harcourt, was used for this study. The piece of land is situated at Longitude 4°48’18.50” N and Latitude 6ᵒ58’39.12” E measuring 5.4864 m x 5.1816 m with a total area of 28.4283 square meter. Mycoremediation process monitoring lasted for 56 days, analyses were carried out weekly at 7 days’ interval. Methodology: Five (5) experimental plots were employed using a Randomized Block Design each having dimensions of 100 x 50 x 30 cm (Length x Breadth x Height) and were formed and mapped out on agricultural soil, each plot was contaminated with 22122.25g of Crude Oil except Control 1 and left fallow for 6 days after contamination for proper contamination and exposure to natural environmental factors to mimic crude oil spill site. On the seventh day bio-augmentation process commenced using two (2) fungal isolates namely Aspergillus niger [Asp] and Mucor rasemosus [Muc]). Two (2) control plots (P1: Uncontaminated and unamended soil - CTRL 1 US) and P2: Crude Oil contaminated but unamended soil - CTRL 2 CS); P3 = P5 were contaminated and amended/bioaugmented (P3: CS+Asp, P4: CS+Muc, P5: CS+Asp+Muc respectively. Soil profile before and after contamination was assayed while parameters like Temperature, pH, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) contents were monitored throughout the experimental period. Microbial analyses such as Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB), Total Heterotrophic Fungi (THF), Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB) and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi (HUF) were recorded. Bioremediation efficiency was estimated from percentage (%) reduction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) from day 1 to the residual hydrocarbon at day 56 of bio- augmentation/ biostimulation plots with the control. Results: Results revealed actual amount of remediated hydrocarbon and % Bioremediation Efficiency at 56 days in the different treatment plots (initial TPH contamination value of 8729.00mg/kg) in a decreasing order as follows: CS+Muc (8599.19mg/kg; 33.66%) > CS+Asp+Muc (8357.31mg/kg; 33.04%) > CS+Asp (8341.58mg/kg; 32.98%) > CTRL 2 -CS (Polluted soil without amendment) (81.06mg/kg; 0.32%). Microbiological results After fifty-six (56) days of bioremediation monitoring; %HUB were as follows; CS+Asp+Muc (45.30%) > CS+Asp (40.32%) > CS+Muc (35.01%) > CTRL 2 –CS (30.43%) > CTRL 1 – US (0%). These results indicate that the presence of the contaminated crude oil stimulated and sustained the growth of Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB) in the contaminated plots (P2 - P3); more so, the higher growth in the enhanced bio-augmented plots (P3 – P5) shows the positive impact of fungal bio-augmentation in bioremediation of crude oil polluted soil. It was further observed that treatment plots with higher HUB or HUF had higher percentage (%) bioremediation efficiency; that is, the higher the sustained HUB and HUF population, the higher the %Bioremediation process. Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (Log10 CFU/g): CS+Asp (4.20) (Day 35) > CS+Muc+Asp (4.18) (Day 35) > CS+Muc (4.08) (Day 28) > CTRL 2 – CS (3.95) (Day 21) > CTRL 1 – US (3.78) (Day 35). (Fig. 3). Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi (Log10 CFU/g): CS+Asp (4.68) (Day 35) > CS+Muc+Asp (4.58) (Day 35) > CS+Muc (4.48) (Day 35) > CTRL 2 – CS (4.23) (Day 21) > CTRL 1 – US (2.85) (Day 42). Conclusion: Study showed that bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soils with Bioaugmenting fungus singly may be more effective than combination with others depending on the type of substrate used, nature of the hydrocarbon utilizing organism and environmental conditions prevalent as seen in Mucor racemosus having higher bioremediation potential than when combined with Aspergillus niger. Notably, Hydrocarbon Utlilizing Bacteria (HUB) and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi (HUF) which are the key players in Bioremediation has its peak count value on Day 35, this confers that nutrient renewal on bioremediation site should be at interval of 35 days for continuous effective bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollutants. It is therefore recommended that single microbes of high bioremediation potential could be used since its more effective than consortium of many hydrocarbon utilizing microbes. Also, nutrient or bio-augmenting microbes’ renewal on bioremediation site should be at an interval of 35 days for continuous effective bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollutants.

scholarly journals The diversity of fungi consortium isolated from polluted soil for degrading petroleum hydrocarbon

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
RIRYN NOVIANTY ◽  
ANNISA HIDAYAH ◽  
SARYONO SARYONO ◽  
AMIR AWALUDDIN ◽  
NOVA WAHYU PRATIWI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

Abstract. Novianty R, Saryono, Awaluddin A, Pratiwi NW, Hidayah A, Juliantari E. 2021. The diversity of fungi consortium isolated from polluted soil for degrading petroleum hydrocarbon. Biodiversitas 22: 5077-5084. One of the major problems in the petroleum industry nowadays is crude oil spills. Riau Province, Sumatra is one of the largest oil producers in Indonesia. Accidental releases of petroleum products are of particular concern to the environment. The process of drilling and refining petroleum generates a large amount of oil sludge. One of the effective technologies used in the waste degradation process is bioremediation using certain microorganisms. The prime objective of the current research was to evaluate the efficiency of fungi consortiums in crude oil degradation in Bumi Siak Pusako-Pertamina Hulu, Indonesia. There are three potential fungi isolates as petroleum hydrocarbon degradation agents with four consortium variations. The parameter values of Optical Density (OD), pH, and diluted CO2 were measured on 0, 4, 8, and 16 days. To evaluate the fungal biodegradation activity using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The result showed that consortium II (KF II) has the highest potential to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon (50.61%). The visual GC-MS examination confirmed a decrease in the peak area for eight hydrocarbon compounds, indicating the efficiency of the fungi in the oil decomposition and dismantling of hydrocarbons. Our findings may provide new information on native fungal resources from chronically contaminated terrestrial environments, and will be useful for petroleum-contaminated bioremediation and other industrial applications.  

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