Analysis of the hygienic assessment of the electromagnetic environment in residential areas near military airfields

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 627-629
Author(s):  
Sergey K. Soldatov ◽  
Alexander N. Zelenin ◽  
Vladimir N. Filatov ◽  
Alexey V. Bogomolov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Electromagnetic Environment ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Adjacent Territory ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
The Military

In the purpose to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population living on the territory near the military aerodrome calculated assessment of the geometry and size of the sanitary protection zone (SPZ) was carried out based on aerodrome radiation sources electromagnetic fields (EMF) level and the requirements of current legislation in electromagnetic safety. The analysis showed that the calculated levels of total EMF exposure outside the technical (adjacent) territory are significantly lower than the established maximum permissible for the population. The results obtained allow us to prevent the possibility of developing an inadequate (hyperbolized) perception (radiophobia) of the danger of exposure to this factor, as well as rental behavior of people living in these territories.

Developing GIS portal to ensure sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of transferring radio engineering objects

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-350
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Zibarev ◽  
A. S. Afanasev ◽  
O. V. Slusareva ◽  
T. I. Muragimov ◽  
V. A. Stepanets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Information Portal ◽  
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Online Mode ◽  
Automated Processes

In recent years, in the Russian Federation there has been an increase in the levels of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in residential areas, including due to an increase in the number of base stations (BS). The purpose of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance at the stages of placement and commissioning of base stations (BS) is to prevent their adverse effects on public health. The increase in the number of base stations, together with the advent of new electronic equipment and antennas, provide opportunities for improving the processes of their accounting at the stage of placement and monitoring of the levels of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at the operation stage. This automation tool can be a geo-information portal for providing sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of cellular base stations. The prototype of the geo-information portal allows both calculating the size of sanitary protection zones (SPZ) and building restriction zones (RZ) from the BS in online mode, displaying the results of calculations in graphical form and issuing sanitary and epidemiological conclusions for the placement and operation of base stations. The geo-information portal has the ability to synchronize with the data of the radio frequency center. Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing will be able to receive up-to-date analytical data. There will be completely automated processes of collecting, processing and storing information on BS.

The Perpetuation of Gender Norms and White Hegemonic Patriarchy in the South African Defence Force as Represented in André van der Merwe’s Moffie (2006)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Nolen Fortuin
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Novel ◽  
White Family ◽  
White Children ◽  
White Masculinity ◽  
Party Government ◽  
Compulsory Military Service ◽  
The Military

With the institution of compulsory military service in South Africa in 1948 the National Party government effected a tool well shaped for the construction of hegemonic masculinities. Through this, and other structures like schools and families, white children were shaped into submissive abiding citizens. Due to the brutal nature of a militarised society, gender roles become strictly defined and perpetuated. As such, white men’s time served on the border also “toughened” them up and shaped them into hegemonic copies of each other, ready to enforce patriarchal and racist ideologies. In this article, I look at how the novel Moffie by André Carl van der Merwe (2006) illustrates hegemonic white masculinity in South Africa and how it has long been strictly regulated to perpetuate the well-being of the white family as representative of the capitalist state. I discuss the novel by looking at the ways in which the narrator is marked by service in the military, which functions as a socialising agent, but as importantly by the looming threat of the application of the term “moffie” to himself, by self or others.  

Modern Weather Surveillance Radars: Hygienic Aspects of Monitoring Electromagnetic Fields at Operators’ Workplaces and in the Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
VN Nikitina ◽  
GG Lyashko ◽  
NI Kalinina ◽  
EN Dubrovskaya ◽  
VP Plekhanov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Emf Measurements ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Weather Radars ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Radar Antennas

Summary. Introduction: Location of weather surveillance radars near settlements, in residential areas and on airport premises makes it important to ensure safe levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF) when operating these radio transmitters. EMF maximum permissible levels for weather radars developed in the 1980s are outdated. Our objective was to analyze modern weather surveillance radars to develop proposals for improvement of radar-generated radiofrequency field monitoring. Materials and methods: We studied trends in meteorological radiolocation and technical characteristics of modern weather radars for atmospheric sensing and weather alerts, analyzed regulations for EMF measurements and hygienic assessment, and measured radiofrequency fields produced by weather radar antennas in open areas and at workplaces of operators. Results: We established that modern types of weather radars used in upper-air sensing systems and storm warning networks differ significantly in terms of technical characteristics and operating modes from previous generations. Developed in the 1980s, current hygienic standards for human exposures to radiofrequency fields from weather radar antennas are obsolete. Conclusions: It is essential to develop an up-to-date regulatory and method document specifying estimation and instrumental monitoring of EMF levels generated by weather radars and measuring instruments for monitoring of pulse-modulated electromagnetic radiation.

Mental well-being interventions in the military: The ten key principles

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001740
Author(s):  
Erin G Lawrence ◽  
N Jones ◽  
N Greenberg ◽  
N T Fear ◽  
S Wessely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Mental Health Interventions ◽  
External Training ◽  
The Military ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Single Versus

Organisations including the United Kingdom Armed Forces should seek to implement mental health interventions to increase the psychological well-being of their workforce. This editorial briefly presents ten key principles that military forces should consider before implementing such interventions. These include job-focused training; evaluating interventions; the use of internal versus external training providers; the role of leaders; unit cohesion, single versus multiple session psychological interventions; not overgeneralising the applicability of interventions; the need for repeated skills practice; raising awareness and the fallibility of screening.

Evolution of Ray's Theory of Bureaucratic Caring

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Marilyn A. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Military Healthcare ◽  
The Military ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Military Healthcare System ◽  
Holistic Science ◽  
Ethical Caring ◽  
Bureaucratic Organizations

An overview and evolution of caring and the theory of bureaucratic caring and interpretations of its central categories are described. Data and models representing its theoretical development, the concept of bureaucracy, and emergence of the theory as a holographic theory are included. Central tenets in the new sciences are explored along with Bohm's corresponding ideas of explicate and implicate orders (holistic science) and spiritual-ethical caring. The theory has broad implications for increasing the knowledge of caring inter-professionally, improving the health and well-being of people, and transforming healthcare bureaucratic organizations nationally and globally, with application in the military healthcare system.

Subjective Cohesion as Stress Buffer Among Civilians Working With the Military in Iraq and Afghanistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Bierman ◽  
Ryan Kelty
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
War Zones ◽  
As Stress ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Recent research shows that civilians who work with the military in war zones are often exposed to life-threatening situations that can create psychological distress. In this study, we examine whether cohesion buffers the relationship between threat and psychological distress. Using a probability sample of civilians working with the U.S. Army in Iraq and Afghanistan, we find that cohesion buffers the relationship between threat and both internalizing and externalizing forms of emotional distress, but does so nonlinearly, with buffering observed at moderate but not high levels of cohesion. This research shows that cohesion may be an important resource for the mental health of civilians working in war zones but also supports sociological theory positing that the utility of social resources for individual well-being may be obviated in tightly integrative social contexts.

Perceptions of family acceptance into the military community among U.S. LGBT service members: A mixed-methods study

2021 ◽  
pp. e20210019
Author(s):  
Katherina S. Sullivan ◽  
Jessica Dodge ◽  
Kathleen McNamara ◽  
Rachael Gribble ◽  
Mary Keeling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Family Services ◽  
Family Acceptance ◽  
Lgbt Families ◽  
Chain Of Command ◽  
Military Community ◽  
The Military

Lay Summary There are approximately 16,000 families of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) service members in the U.S. military, but very little is known about how accepted they feel in the communities in which they live. This study begins to address this question by considering the perspectives of LGBT service members, which they shared both in response to an online survey and in interviews. Findings suggest that many service members believe their spouses and families are accepted by their chain of command. However, a smaller but important group continued to express concerns about their family being accepted in their military community. Many service members appear concerned that family services available to them through the military are not appropriate for LGBT families. Altogether, this article highlights the need for more research to understand the well-being and needs of this group.

Reflex syncope in the UK Armed Forces

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2021-001945
Author(s):  
Iain Parsons ◽  
J Ellwood ◽  
M J Stacey ◽  
N Gall ◽  
M Grundy-Bowers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Information ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Well Being ◽  
British Army ◽  
Royal Air Force ◽  
Reflex Syncope ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Case Rate ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Military

IntroductionReflex syncope is the most common subtype of syncope and, despite not being associated with increased mortality, often results in significant morbidity and costly diagnostics. Reflex syncope can be of concern for certain occupational groups and may be exacerbated by some occupations. Reflex syncope in the military is anecdotally common but the extent in the UK Armed Forces (UKAF) is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and prevalence of reflex syncope in the UKAF.MethodsA retrospective search of the Defence Medical Information Capability Programme using prespecified read-codes was performed at defence primary healthcare centres over the period of 1 January 2019 to 1 January 2020. Data were obtained on 76 103 service personnel (SP) (53% of the UKAF).ResultsThe overall syncope case rate for the UKAF was 10.5 per 1000 person-years (p-yrs). In comparing services there was a significantly increased risk of syncope in the British Army (10.7 per 1000 p-yrs) compared with the Royal Air Force (8.6 per 1000 p-yrs) (p=0.0365), SP who served overseas (16.7 per 1000 p-yrs) in comparison with UK medical centres (10.3 per 1000 p-yrs) (p<0.0001), and British Army units that regularly took part in State Ceremonial and Public Duties (15.8 per 1000 p-yrs vs 10.2 per 1000 p-yrs) (p=0.0035). Army training units conferred a significantly reduced risk of syncope (p<0.0001).ConclusionsThese data are the first to define the incidence and prevalence of syncope in the UKAF. Orthostasis and heat are probable triggers, although recruits are potentially protected. These data offer opportunities to improve the health and well-being of SP, with economic, logistical and reputational benefits for the UKAF. Further research to identify personnel at risk of future syncopal events may allow for targeted use of countermeasures.

scholarly journals Daily Coping With Social Identity Threat in Outgroup-Dominated Contexts: Self-Group Distancing Among Female Soldiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Veldman ◽  
Colette Van Laar ◽  
Loes Meeussen ◽  
Salvatore Lo Bue
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Identity Threat ◽  
Daily Experience ◽  
Social Identity Threat ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Military ◽  
Female Soldiers

We examine the degree to which women in a male-dominated field cope with daily experiences of social identity threat by distancing themselves from other women. A daily experience-sampling study among female soldiers ( N = 345 data points nested in 61 participants) showed women to self-group distance more on days in which they experienced more identity threat. This was mediated by daily concerns about belonging but not achievement in the military, supporting the explanation that women distance from other women as a way to fit in a masculine domain. However, on a daily basis, self-group distancing did not appear to protect women’s outcomes as it was related to lower daily well-being and motivation. The findings indicate that targets are not passive recipients of identity threat but active agents coping daily with the challenges they face, but that regulation strategies may also incur costs. Implications for theories on coping with stigma and costs are discussed.

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