High alcohol use a strong and significant risk factor for repetitive self-harm in female and male youth: a prospective cohort study

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra L. C. Martiniuk ◽  
Huei-Yang Chen ◽  
Nick Glozier ◽  
George Patton ◽  
Teresa Senserrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
High Alcohol ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Self Harm

scholarly journals The Association between Body Mass Index and Mortality on Peritoneal Dialysis: A Prospective Cohort Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Kyun Kim ◽  
Su-Hyun Kim ◽  
Hyung Wook Kim ◽  
Young Ok Kim ◽  
Dong Chan Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis

BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that increased body mass index (BMI) is associated with decreased mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, the association between BMI and survival has not been well established in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). The aim of the study was to determine the association between BMI and mortality in the PD population using the Clinical Research Center (CRC) registry for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) cohort in Korea.MethodsPrevalent patients with PD were selected from the CRC registry for ESRD, a prospective cohort study on dialysis patients in Korea. Patients were categorized into four groups by quartiles of BMI. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of mortality with a BMI of quartile 2 (21.4 - 23.5 kg/m2) as the reference.ResultsA total of 900 prevalent patients undergoing PD were included. The median follow-up period was 24 months. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model showed that the lowest quartile of BMI was associated with higher mortality (HR 3.00,95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26 - 7.15). However, the higher quartiles of BMI were not associated with mortality compared with the reference category of BMI quartile 2 (Quartile 3: HR 1.11, 95% CI, 0.43 - 2.85, Quartile 4: H R 1.64,95% CI, 0.66 - 4.06) after adjustment for clinical variables.ConclusionsLower BMI was a significant risk factor for death, but increased BMI was not associated with mortality in Korean PD patients.

Mechanisms of Foot and Ankle Injuries in Soccer

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Giza ◽  
Colin Fuller ◽  
Astrid Junge ◽  
Jiri Dvorak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Injured Limb

Background Although player-to-player contact is a risk factor in the majority of soccer injuries, the mechanisms leading to these injuries have not been analyzed. Purpose To assess the relationships between foot/ankle injuries and foul play and tackle type, and to identify the position of the foot and ankle at the time of injury. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Team physicians prospectively recorded each injury in four world soccer competitions, and the videotaped incident leading to the injury was retrospectively analyzed. Results Of 76 foot and ankle injuries (52 contusions, 20 sprains, 4 fractures), direct contact occurred between players in 72. Significantly more injuries involved a tackle from the side and a lateral or medial tackle force. The injured limb was weightbearing in 41 and nonweightbearing in 35 of the incidents. Significantly more injuries resulted in time lost from soccer when the limb was weightbearing. The most common foot and ankle positions at the time of injury were pronated/neutral in the sagittal plane for weightbearing limbs, and plantar flexed/neutral in the coronal plane for nonweightbearing limbs. The most common foot and ankle rotations at the time of injury were external (23) and eversion (28). Conclusions The majority of injuries were caused by tackles involving lateral or medial forces that created a corresponding eversion or inversion rotation of the foot or ankle. The weightbearing status of the injured limb was a significant risk factor.

scholarly journals Timing of resumption of antithrombotic agents following surgical evacuation of chronic subdural hematomas: a retrospective cohort study

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. S11-S11 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Guha ◽  
S Coyne ◽  
RL Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Antithrombotic Agents ◽  
Major Hemorrhage ◽  
Subdural Hematomas ◽  
Surgical Evacuation

Background: Antithrombosis (AT), with antiplatelets or anticoagulants, is a significant risk factor for the development of chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH). Resumption of AT following hematoma evacuation is variable, with scant evidence for guidance. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 479 patients with surgically-evacuated cSDH at St. Michael’s Hospital from 2007-2012. Collected variables included type of AT, indication for AT, timing and type of postoperative complications, and restart intervals for AT agents. Postoperative complications were classified as major or minor hemorrhages, or thromboembolism. Results: Among all patients, 14.8% experienced major hemorrhage, 23.0% minor hemorrhage, and 1.67% thromboembolism. Patients on any preoperative AT were at higher risk of major hemorrhage (OR=1.93, p=0.014), experienced earlier major hemorrhage (mean 16.2 versus 26.5d, p=0.052) and earlier thromboembolism (mean 2.7 versus 51.5d, p=0.036). The type of agent did not affect complication frequency or timing. Patients restarted on any AT postoperatively were at decreased risk of major rebleed following resumption, than those not restarted (OR=0.06, p<0.01). Conclusions: Patients on preoperative AT experienced thromboembolism significantly earlier, at 3d postoperatively, with no increase in rebleed risk following AT resumption. We provide cursory evidence that resuming AT early, at 3d postoperatively, may be safe. Larger prospective studies are required for definitive recommendations.

scholarly journals Travel style is a major risk factor for diarrhoea in India: a prospective cohort study

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 676.e1-676.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Schindler ◽  
V.K. Jaeger ◽  
L. Held ◽  
C. Hatz ◽  
S. Bühler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Major Risk Factor

scholarly journals Predictive accuracy of risk scales following self-harm: Multicentre, prospective cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 210 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Quinlivan ◽  
Jayne Cooper ◽  
Declan Meehan ◽  
Damien Longson ◽  
John Potokar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Self Harm

BackgroundScales are widely used in psychiatric assessments following self-harm. Robust evidence for their diagnostic use is lacking.AimsTo evaluate the performance of risk scales (Manchester Self-Harm Rule, ReACT Self-Harm Rule, SAD PERSONS scale, Modified SAD PERSONS scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale); and patient and clinician estimates of risk in identifying patients who repeat self-harm within 6 months.MethodA multisite prospective cohort study was conducted of adults aged 18 years and over referred to liaison psychiatry services following self-harm. Scale a priori cut-offs were evaluated using diagnostic accuracy statistics. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to determine optimal cut-offs and compare global accuracy.ResultsIn total, 483 episodes of self-harm were included in the study. The episode-based 6-month repetition rate was 30% (n = 145). Sensitivity ranged from 1% (95% CI 0–5) for the SAD PERSONS scale, to 97% (95% CI 93–99) for the Manchester Self-Harm Rule. Positive predictive values ranged from 13% (95% CI 2–47) for the Modified SAD PERSONS Scale to 47% (95% CI 41–53) for the clinician assessment of risk. The AUC ranged from 0.55 (95% CI 0.50–0.61) for the SAD PERSONS scale to 0.74 (95% CI 0.69–0.79) for the clinician global scale. The remaining scales performed significantly worse than clinician and patient estimates of risk (P < 0.001).ConclusionsRisk scales following self-harm have limited clinical utility and may waste valuable resources. Most scales performed no better than clinician or patient ratings of risk. Some performed considerably worse. Positive predictive values were modest. In line with national guidelines, risk scales should not be used to determine patient management or predict self-harm.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document