Advice to follow a low-carbohydrate diet has a favourable impact on low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes compared with advice to follow a low-fat diet

In recent years, it has become apparent that low-grade vascular inflammation plays a key role in all stages of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Weight loss has been shown to improve blood inflammatory markers; however, it is unknown if weight-loss diets varying in macronutrient composition differentially affect inflammatory responses. The primary purpose of the present study was to compare a very-low-carbohydrate diet and a low-fat weight-loss diet on inflammatory biomarkers in overweight men. In a randomized cross-over design, 15 overweight men (body fat, >25%; body mass index, 34 kg/m2) consumed two experimental weight-loss diets for two consecutive 6-week periods: a very-low-carbohydrate diet (<10% energy via carbohydrate) and a low-fat diet (<30% energy via fat). Both the low-fat and the very-low-carbohydrate diets resulted in significant decreases in absolute concentrations of hsTNF-α (high-sensitivity tumour necrosis factor-α), hsIL-6 (high-sensitivity interleukin-6), hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and sICAM-1 (soluble intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1). There was no significant change in absolute sP-selectin (soluble P-selectin) concentrations after either diet. Normalized inflammatory values represented as the delta change per 1 kg reduction in body mass showed a significant difference between the two diets only for sP-selectin (P<0.05). In summary, energy-restricted low-fat and very-low-carbohydrate diets both significantly decreased several biomarkers of inflammation. These data suggest that, in the short-term, weight loss is primarily the driving force underlying the reductions in most of the inflammatory biomarkers.

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Comparison of the effects of a low carbohydrate diet versus a diet upon the recommendations of the clinical practice guideline (high-carb, low-fat) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes

http://isrctn.org/> ◽

10.1186/isrctn68494994 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Jan Karoff

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Clinical Practice Guideline ◽

Practice Guideline ◽

Low Fat ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Diet Versus

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Comparative Study of the Effects of a 1-Year Dietary Intervention of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet Versus a Low-Fat Diet on Weight and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc08-2108 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 1147-1152 ◽

Cited By ~ 120

Author(s):

N. J. Davis ◽

N. Tomuta ◽

C. Schechter ◽

C. R. Isasi ◽

C. J. Segal-Isaacson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Diet Versus

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723-P: Effect of Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat vs. High-Carbohydrate Low-Fat Diet on HbA1c Control in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db20-723-p ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 723-P

Author(s):

LINGWANG AN ◽

DANDAN WANG ◽

XIAORONG SHI ◽

CHENHUI LIU ◽

KUEICHUN YEH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Hba1c Control

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Low-carbohydrate diet scores and risk of type 2 diabetes in men

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.3945/ajcn.110.004333 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 844-850 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Lawrence de Koning ◽

Teresa T Fung ◽

Xiaomei Liao ◽

Stephanie E Chiuve ◽

Eric B Rimm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate

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Effect of Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with the Aid of Intelligent Administration of Insulin-Loaded Nanoparticle

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters ◽

10.1166/nnl.2020.3255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1445-1451

Author(s):

Xiaofan Zhang ◽

Youyou Zhang ◽

Lingjia Gu ◽

Haiying Tao ◽

Shuang Zhu

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Glucose Solution ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

High Concentration ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Hba1c Levels ◽

Diabetes Patients

Nanoparticles play a major role in drug delivery. We investigated the effects of the intelligent administration of insulin-loaded nanoparticles (ILNP) when combined with a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) on the metabolism of patients with type 2 diabetes. ILNP and smart vesicle polymers were developed, and their properties were studied in vitro. Further clinical trials were performed, during which body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were compared between type 2 diabetes patients on LCDs those on normal diets. The results demonstrated that ILNP resisted protease degradation due to steric hindrance, and remained relatively stable at a pH range of 5.0 to 7.4. The nanoparticle enteric-coated capsules resisted the gastric juice acidity (pH = 2.5) and ensured the stable embedding of the insulin. The insulin was then released at a slightly higher pH (pH = 6.6), which mimicked the small intestine. Smart vesicle polymers further embedded the insulin and glucose oxidase simultaneously in nano polymer compounds, which allowed for a dose-dependent response to the concentration of glucose. Thus, the insulin was not released in a low-concentration glucose solution, but rather in a high-concentration glucose solution. Based on these results, we concluded that the clinical trial results showed that the intelligent administration of ILNP combined with a LCD reduced BMI, FBG, and HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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