Copper, ceruloplasmin, and long-term cardiovascular and total mortality (The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study)

ABSTRACT Background Controversy has emerged about the benefits compared with harms of dairy fat, including concerns over long-term effects. Previous observational studies have assessed self-reported estimates of consumption or a single biomarker measure at baseline, which may lead to suboptimal estimation of true risk. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate prospective associations of serial measures of plasma phospholipid fatty acids pentadecanoic (15:0), heptadecanoic (17:0), and trans-palmitoleic (trans-16:1n–7) acids with total mortality, cause-specific mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among older adults. Design Among 2907 US adults aged ≥65 y and free of CVD at baseline, circulating fatty acid concentrations were measured serially at baseline, 6 y, and 13 y. Deaths and CVD events were assessed and adjudicated centrally. Prospective associations were assessed by multivariate-adjusted Cox models incorporating time-dependent exposures and covariates. Results During 22 y of follow-up, 2428 deaths occurred, including 833 from CVD, 1595 from non-CVD causes, and 1301 incident CVD events. In multivariable models, circulating pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic, and trans-palmitoleic acids were not significantly associated with total mortality, with extreme-quintile HRs of 1.05 for pentadecanoic (95% CI: 0.91, 1.22), 1.07 for heptadecanoic (95% CI: 0.93, 1.23), and 1.05 for trans-palmitoleic (95% CI: 0.91, 1.20) acids. Circulating heptadecanoic acid was associated with lower CVD mortality (extreme-quintile HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.98), especially stroke mortality, with a 42% lower risk when comparing extreme quintiles of heptadecanoic acid concentrations (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.97). In contrast, heptadecanoic acid was associated with a higher risk of non-CVD mortality (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.52), which was not clearly related to any single subtype of non-CVD death. No significant associations of pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic, or trans-palmitoleic acids were seen for total incident CVD, coronary heart disease, or stroke. Conclusions Long-term exposure to circulating phospholipid pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic, or trans-palmitoleic acids was not significantly associated with total mortality or incident CVD among older adults. High circulating heptadecanoic acid was inversely associated with CVD and stroke mortality and potentially associated with higher risk of non-CVD death.

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Abstract P420: Alcohol Consumption and Longitudinal Changes in Magnetic Resonance Imaging-defined Brain Abnormalities: The Cardiovascular Health Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Simona Costanzo ◽

Traci M Bartz ◽

Giovanni de Gaetano ◽

Augusto F Di Castelnuovo ◽

Licia Iacoviello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Brain Atrophy ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiovascular Health Study ◽

Brain Volumes ◽

Total Brain

Introduction: Alcohol intake has been related with a complex group of associations with brain structure in cross-sectional analyses, but to our knowledge, its prospective relationship with structural brain abnormalities detected by MRI has never been reported. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that consumers of 1-<7 drinks/week would have slower progression of leukoaraiosis (white matter abnormalities) but more rapid progression of brain atrophy than longer-term abstainers. Methods: As part of the Cardiovascular Health Study, 1 996 adults aged ≥65 years underwent MRI scanning in 1991-94 and again in 1997-99, having excluded 120 participants with a history of cerebrovascular disease before the initial scan. Alcohol consumption was assessed at each annual visit by self-reported intake of wine, beer and liquor. A 10-point white matter grade (WMG) and ventricular grade (VG) were assessed in a standardized and blinded manner in both scans; hippocampal and total brain volumes were also quantified on the second scan. We estimated the associations of alcohol intake in categories (as reported closest to the date of initial scan), with MRI findings at follow-up with multinomial ordered logistic regression (WMG ≤ 3 ref and ≥ 4; VG ≤ 3 ref , =4 and ≥5) using inverse probability weighting to account for attrition. Results: We observed a U-shaped association with WMG, with significantly lower risk among participants consuming 1-<7 drinks/week (OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.17-0.82, table) than long-term abstainers (P quadtrend = 0.01). For VG, the association was inverse (P trend = 0.06), with significantly less progression among drinkers of 1-<7 drinks/week than long-term abstainers (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.40-0.97). We identified no significant associations of alcohol intake with quantitative mean hippocampal or total brain volumes at the second scan. Conclusions: Compared with long-term abstention, consumption of 1-<7 drinks/week of alcohol was generally associated with less progression of leukoaraiosis and some measures of brain atrophy in older adults.

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Apolipoprotein A-II Is a Negative Risk Indicator for Cardiovascular and Total Mortality: Findings from the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2008.103929 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (8) ◽

pp. 1405-1406 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Karl Winkler ◽

Michael M Hoffmann ◽

Ursula Seelhorst ◽

Britta Wellnitz ◽

Bernhard O Boehm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiovascular Health Study ◽

Risk Indicator ◽

Apolipoprotein A

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Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollutants and Cognitive Trajectories in the Cardiovascular Health Study

ISEE Conference Abstracts ◽

10.1289/isee.2016.4006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Erin Semmens* ◽

Annette Fitzpatrick ◽

Sun-Young Kim ◽

Helene Margolis ◽

Fred Lurmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiovascular Health Study

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Risk of dementia and death in the long-term follow-up of the Pittsburgh Cardiovascular Health Study-Cognition Study

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2015.08.165 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 170-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Lewis H. Kuller ◽

Oscar L. Lopez ◽

James T. Becker ◽

Yuefang Chang ◽

Anne B. Newman

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiovascular Health Study ◽

Long Term Follow Up

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Iron Metabolism, Hepcidin, and Mortality (the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study)

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2018.297242 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (7) ◽

pp. 849-861 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tanja B Grammer ◽

Hubert Scharnagl ◽

Alexander Dressel ◽

Marcus E Kleber ◽

Günther Silbernagel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Metabolism ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Iron Status ◽

Transferrin Saturation ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Cardiovascular Death ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiovascular Health Study ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Stable Cad

Abstract BACKGROUND Anemia has been shown to be a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and mortality, whereas the role of iron metabolism remains controversial. METHODS We analyzed iron metabolism and its associations with cardiovascular death and total mortality in patients undergoing coronary angiography with a median follow-up of 9.9 years. Hemoglobin and iron status were determined in 1480 patients with stable CAD and in 682 individuals in whom significant CAD had been excluded by angiography. RESULTS Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for total mortality in the lowest quartiles of iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and hemoglobin were 1.22 (95% CI, 0.96–1.60), 1.23 (95% CI, 0.97–1.56), 1.27 (95% CI, 1.02–1.58), 1.26 (95% CI, 0.97–1.65), and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.79–1.24), respectively, compared to the second or third quartile, which served as reference (1.00) because of a J-shaped association. The corresponding HRs for total mortality in the highest quartiles were 1.44 (95% CI, 1.10–1.87), 1.37 (95% CI, 1.05–1.77), 1.17 (95% CI, 0.92–1.50), 1.76 (95% CI, 1.39–2.22), and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.63–1.09). HRs for cardiovascular death were similar. For hepcidin, the adjusted HRs for total mortality and cardiovascular deaths were 0.62 (95% CI, 0.49–0.78) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.52–0.90) in the highest quartile compared to the lowest one. CONCLUSIONS In stable patients undergoing angiography, serum iron, transferrin saturation, sTfR, and ferritin had J-shaped associations and hemoglobin only a marginal association with cardiovascular and total mortality. Hepcidin was continuously and inversely related to mortality.

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n-3 Fatty acids and risk for fatal coronary disease

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665118002902 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 526-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

William S. Harris ◽

Francis B. Zotor

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Plasma Phospholipid ◽

Cardiovascular Death ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiovascular Health Study ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Omega 3

The purpose of this review is to consider the effects of the long-chain n-3 fatty acids found in marine foods, EPA and DHA, on risk for CVD, particularly fatal outcomes. It will examine both epidemiological and randomised controlled trial findings. The former studies usually examine associations between the dietary intake or the blood levels of EPA + DHA and CVD outcomes or, on occasion, total mortality. For example, our studies in the Framingham Heart Study and in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study have demonstrated significant inverse relations between erythrocyte EPA + DHA levels (i.e. the Omega-3 Index) and total mortality. Recent data from the Cardiovascular Health Study reported the same relations between plasma phospholipid n-3 levels and overall healthy ageing. As regards randomised trials, studies in the 1990s and early 2000s were generally supportive of a cardiovascular benefit for fish oils (which contain EPA + DHA), but later trials were generally not able to duplicate these findings, at least for total CVD events. However, when restricted to effects on risk for fatal events, meta-analyses have shown consistent benefits for n-3 treatment. Taken together, the evidence is strong for a cardioprotective effect of EPA + DHA, especially when consumed in sufficient amounts to raise blood levels into healthy ranges. Establishing target EPA + DHA intakes to reduce risk for cardiovascular death is a high priority.

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