Three very old men's experiences of mobility device use over time

Abstract Objective To determine the physical and mental health of very old people (aged 80+) with anaemia. Methods Individual level meta-analysis from five cohorts of octogenarians (n = 2,392): LiLACS NZ Māori, LiLACS NZ non-Māori, Leiden 85-plus Study, Newcastle 85+ Study, and TOOTH. Mixed models of change in functional ability, cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health over time were separately fitted for each cohort. We combined individual cohort estimates of differences according to the presence of anaemia at baseline, adjusting for age at entry, sex, and time elapsed. Combined estimates are presented as differences in standard deviation units (i.e. standardised mean differences–SMDs). Results The combined prevalence of anaemia was 30.2%. Throughout follow-up, participants with anaemia, on average, had: worse functional ability (SMD −0.42 of a standard deviation across cohorts; CI -0.59,-0.25); worse cognitive scores (SMD -0.27; CI -0.39,-0.15); worse depression scores (SMD -0.20; CI -0.31,-0.08); and lower ratings of their own health (SMD -0.36; CI -0.47,-0.25). Differential rates of change observed were: larger declines in functional ability for those with anaemia (SMD −0.12 over five years; CI -0.21,-0.03) and smaller mean difference in depression scores over time between those with and without anaemia (SMD 0.18 over five years; CI 0.05,0.30). Conclusion Anaemia in the very old is a common condition associated with worse functional ability, cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health, and a more rapid decline in functional ability over time. The question remains as to whether anaemia itself contributes to worse outcomes or is simply a marker of chronic diseases and nutrient deficiencies.

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Older Adults' Mobility Device Use After In-Patient Rehabilitation:

Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics ◽

10.1300/j148v19v04_03 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 35-48

Author(s):

Al Copolillo

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Device Use ◽

Mobility Device

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Older Adults' Mobility Device Use After In-Patient Rehabilitation

Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics ◽

10.1300/j148v19n04_03 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 35-48

Author(s):

Al Copolillo ◽

Thomas Prohaska

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Device Use ◽

Mobility Device

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Presence or Absence of Tertiary Dentinogenesis in Relation to Caries Progression

Advances in Dental Research ◽

10.1177/08959374010150012101 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 80-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

L. Bjørndal

Keyword(s):

Hard Tissue ◽

Very Old ◽

Tertiary Dentin ◽

Tissue Responses ◽

Caries Progression ◽

Dentin Formation ◽

Caries Lesions ◽

Over Time ◽

Tertiary Dentinogenesis ◽

Cavitated Lesions

Studies have shown that dental caries may or may not be associated with tertiary dentin formation in the pulp. On the basis of histological examinations of 69 clinical well-defined caries lesions, a hypothesis is proposed on the dynamics of the hard-tissue responses of the pulp to caries. In active non-cavitated lesions, the formation of tertiary dentin seems to be initiated by primary odontoblast cells that subsequently result in atubular dentin/fibrodentinogenesis, whereas, in similarly aged but more rapidly progressing cavitated enamel lesions, no tertiary dentin is laid down by primary odontoblast cells. In all old-dentin exposed lesions, a so-called closed lesion environment was defined with subjacent atubular dentin formation. As these lesions progress, a shift from a closed to a more large and open lesion environment may develop in the very old lesions, and a new tubular dentinal matrix is noted on the top of the fibrodentin, also defined as reparative dentinogenesis. In very old slowly progressing lesions, a relatively small open lesion environment is also observed, with tubular tertiary dentin resembling the primary dentin being strictly tubular. It is suggested that the absence of tertiary dentinogenesis can be expected in very rapid caries lesions, whereas a variety of tertiary dentin is observed in older dentin cavitated lesions guided by a changing external lesion environment over time.

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Supercentenarians and Semi-supercentenarians in France

Demographic Research Monographs - Exceptional Lifespans ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-49970-9_9 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 105-123

Author(s):

Nadine Ouellette ◽

France Meslé ◽

Jacques Vallin ◽

Jean-Marie Robine

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Vital Statistics ◽

Age At Death ◽

Age Validation ◽

Expectancy Value ◽

Very Old ◽

Large Sample ◽

Reliable Source ◽

Over Time

AbstractThe purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, it attempts to exhaustively identify cases of French supercentenarians and semi-supercentenarians and to validate their alleged age at death. Secondly, it seeks to uncover careful patterns and trends in probabilities of death and life expectancy at very old ages in France. We use three sets of data with varying degrees of accuracy and coverage: nominative transcripts from the RNIPP (Répertoire national d’identification des personnes physiques), death records from the vital statistics system, and “public” lists of individual supercentenarians. The RNIPP stands out as the most reliable source. Based on all deaths registered in the RNIPP at the alleged ages of 110+ for extinct cohorts born between 1883 and 1901, errors are only few, at least for individuals who were born and died in France. For alleged semi-supercentenarians, age validation on a very large sample shows that errors are extremely rare, suggesting the RNIPP data can be used without any verification until age 108 at the minimum. Moreover, a comparison with “public” lists of individual supercentenarians reveals a single missing occurrence only in the RNIPP transcripts since 1991. While the quality of vital statistics data remains quite deficient at very old ages compared to RNIPP, the analytical results show a significant improvement over time at younger old ages. Our RNIPP-based probabilities of death for females appear to level-off at 0.5 between ages 108 and 111, but data becomes too scarce afterwards to assess the trend. Also, we obtain a quite low life expectancy value of 1.2 years at age 108.

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Tea consumption and measures of attention and psychomotor speed in the very old: the Newcastle 85+ longitudinal study

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-020-00361-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Edward Jonathan Okello ◽

Nuno Mendonça ◽

Blossom Stephan ◽

Graciela Muniz-Terrera ◽

Keith Wesnes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Sustained Attention ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Tea Consumption ◽

Psychomotor Speed ◽

Very Old ◽

Old Adults ◽

Global Cognitive Function ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background A number of studies have indicated a beneficial effect of tea consumption on the reduction of risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in older aged populations. However, there is a paucity of data on these associations in the very old, defined as individuals aged 85 years and over. We investigated the relationship between tea consumption in the very old and measures of global cognitive function, memory, attention and psychomotor speed. Method Longitudinal (5-years), population-based cohort study of individuals aged 85+ years in the North East of England, United Kingdom. Participants were community-dwelling and institutionalized men and women recruited through general medical practices (n = 676). Baseline tea consumption and longitudinal measures of global and domain specific (memory, speed and attention) cognitive function were assessed. Linear mixed models, controlling for demographic (e.g. age, sex and education) and health variables were used to determine whether tea consumption was protective against cognitive decline. Results Tea consumption was not associated with cognitive function at baseline on any measure (unadjusted and adjusted analyses). In the linear mixed effects models adjusted for age, sex, education and disease co-morbidity, higher tea consumption was associated with significantly better attention (focused and sustained attention), and psychomotor speed (complex tasks only) over five-years follow-up. However, there was no association between tea consumption and global cognitive function, memory or performance on simple speed tasks over time. Conclusions In this cohort study of non-demented very old adults we found that higher (vs. lower) tea consumption was associated with better performance over time on measures of focused and sustained attention and some psychomotor speed tasks. No associations with global cognition, memory or easy speed tasks (simple Reaction Time or Word Recognition) were detected. The results have implications for the development of possible diet-based interventions focused on improving cognitive function in the very old age group. These findings need to be confirmed in a sufficiently powered and well-designed RCT with non-demented very old adults.

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16. Equitable maxims, doctrines, and remedies

Trusts & Equity ◽

10.1093/he/9780198854142.003.0016 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 563-606

Author(s):

Gary Watt

Keyword(s):

Supreme Court ◽

Special Function ◽

Common Law ◽

Legal Rights ◽

Court Cases ◽

Very Old ◽

The Common ◽

Court Of Chancery ◽

Over Time ◽

The Way

In general, the leading court cases on equitable doctrines and remedies are very old. The fact that they still have the power to determine modern cases proves that equity is inherently adaptable. Originally developed by the old Court of Chancery in constructive competition with the common law courts, equity is now applied (since the Judicature Acts 1873–1875) by the unified Supreme Court of England and Wales. In addition, equity, as a dimension of law, has retained its special function of restraining or restricting the exercise of legal rights and powers in certain cases. This chapter considers particular principles (including maxims), doctrines (including conversion, satisfaction, performance, and election), and remedies that have been developed over time to help predict the way in which equity will operate in various types of cases.

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