Immune Modulation by Intravenous Immunoglobulin: Some Remarks on the Role of Fc Receptors

Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles carrying protein, lipid, and nucleic acid for secreting cells, and act as significant signal transport vectors for cell-cell communication and immune modulation. Immune-cell-derived exosomes have been found to contain molecules involved in immunological pathways, such as MHCII, cytokines, and pathogenic antigens. Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains one of the most fatal infectious diseases. The pathogen for tuberculosis escapes the immune defense and continues to replicate despite rigorous and complicate host cell mechanisms. The infected-cell-derived exosomes under this circumstance are found to trigger different immune responses, such as inflammation, antigen presentation, and activate subsequent pathways, highlighting the critical role of exosomes in anti-MTB immune response. Additionally, as a novel kind of delivery system, exosomes show potential in developing new vaccination and treatment of tuberculosis. We here summarize recent research progress regarding exosomes in the immune environment during MTB infection, and further discuss the potential of exosomes as delivery system for novel anti-MTB vaccines and therapies.

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The role of IgM-enriched intravenous immunoglobulin in transplantation

SANAMED ◽

10.5937/sanamed1401063s ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 63-70

Author(s):

Judit Szabó ◽

Anikó Smudla ◽

János Fazakas

Keyword(s):

Intravenous Immunoglobulin

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Ozone Therapy as Adjuvant for Cancer Treatment: Is Further Research Warranted?

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/7931849 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Bernardino Clavo ◽

Norberto Santana-Rodríguez ◽

Pedro Llontop ◽

Dominga Gutiérrez ◽

Gerardo Suárez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Treatment ◽

Immune Modulation ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Potential Role ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Tumor Hypoxia ◽

Tumor Resection ◽

Ozone Therapy

Introduction. This article provides an overview of the potential use of ozone as an adjuvant during cancer treatment.Methods. We summarize the findings of the most relevant publications focused on this goal, and we include our related clinical experience.Results. Over several decades, prestigious journals have publishedin vitrostudies on the capacity of ozone to induce direct damage on tumor cells and, as well, to enhance the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Indirect effects have been demonstrated in animal models: immune modulation by ozone alone and sensitizing effect of radiotherapy by concurrent ozone administration. The effects of ozone in modifying hemoglobin dissociation curve, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels, locoregional blood flow, and tumor hypoxia provide additional support for potential beneficial effects during cancer treatment. Unfortunately, only a few clinical studies are available. Finally, we describe some works and our experience supporting the potential role of local ozone therapy in treating delayed healing after tumor resection, to avoid delays in commencing radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Conclusions.In vitroand animal studies, as well as isolated clinical reports, suggest the potential role of ozone as an adjuvant during radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. However, further research, such as randomized clinical trials, is required to demonstrate its potential usefulness as an adjuvant therapeutic tool.

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Neutrophils in liver diseases: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets

Cellular and Molecular Immunology ◽

10.1038/s41423-020-00560-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 38-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kai Liu ◽

Fu-Sheng Wang ◽

Ruonan Xu

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Liver Cancer ◽

Immune Regulation ◽

Liver Diseases ◽

Immune Modulation ◽

Functional Plasticity ◽

Homogeneous Population ◽

Patients With Cancer

AbstractPreviously, it was assumed that peripheral neutrophils are a homogeneous population that displays antimicrobial functions. However, recent data have revealed that neutrophils are heterogeneous and are additionally involved in tissue damage and immune regulation. The phenotypic and functional plasticity of neutrophils has been identified in patients with cancer, inflammatory disorders, infections, and other diseases. Currently, neutrophils, with their autocrine, paracrine, and immune modulation functions, have been shown to be involved in liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. Accordingly, this review summarizes the role of neutrophils in liver diseases.

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