Antibiotic Resistance of Anaerobic Bacteria and Its Effect on the Management of Anaerobic Infections

2007 ◽  
pp. 359-386
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Infections

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Anaerobic Bacteria in Major Liver Resection

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Jens Strohäker ◽  
Sophia Bareiß ◽  
Silvio Nadalin ◽  
Alfred Königsrainer ◽  
Ruth Ladurner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Liver Resections ◽  
Management Of Complications ◽  
Anaerobic Infections ◽  
Major Hepatectomies

(1) Background: Anaerobic infections in hepatobiliary surgery have rarely been addressed. Whereas infectious complications during the perioperative phase of liver resections are common, there are very limited data on the prevalence and clinical role of anaerobes in this context. Given the risk of contaminated bile in liver resections, the goal of our study was to investigate the prevalence and outcome of anaerobic infections in major hepatectomies. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 245 consecutive major hepatectomies that were performed at the department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery of the University Hospital of Tuebingen between July 2017 and August 2020. All microbiological cultures were screened for the prevalence of anaerobic bacteria and the patients’ clinical characteristics and outcomes were evaluated. (3) Results: Of the 245 patients, 13 patients suffered from anaerobic infections. Seven had positive cultures from the biliary tract during the primary procedure, while six had positive culture results from samples obtained during the management of complications. Risk factors for anaerobic infections were preoperative biliary stenting (p = 0.002) and bile leaks (p = 0.009). All of these infections had to be treated by intervention and adjunct antibiotic treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics. (4) Conclusions: Anaerobic infections are rare in liver resections. Certain risk factors trigger the antibiotic coverage of anaerobes.

Diagnosis and Management of Anaerobic Infections of the Head and Neck

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Postoperative Infection ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Cervical Adenitis ◽  
Penicillin Therapy ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis Group ◽  
Anaerobic Infections ◽  
Head And Neck Infections

Anaerobic bacteria are important pathogens in head and neck infections such as chronic otitis media, chronic sinusitis, chronic mastoiditis, head and neck abscesses, cervical adenitis, parotitis, and postoperative infection. Bacteroides sp ( Bacteroides melaninogenicus group, Bacteroides oralis, and Bacteroides fragilis group), Peptostreptococcus sp, and Fusobacterium sp predominate. The observed recent increase in the number of β-lactamase—producing strains of Bacteroides sp isolated in head and neck infections has been associated with increased failure rates of the penicillins in the management of these infections. The pathogenicity of these organisms is expressed through their ability not only to survive penicillin therapy but also to shield penicillin-susceptible pathogens from the drug. Because of these direct and indirect virulent characteristics of anaerobic bacteria, appropriate antimicrobial therapy must be directed against all pathogens in mixed infections.

Antibiotic resistance in anaerobic bacteria

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_A) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis P. Tally ◽  
George J. Cuchural Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria

scholarly journals Prevalence and susceptibility pattern of anaerobic bacteria isolated from wound swabs in Clinical Centre University of Sarajevo

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Đana Granov ◽  
Daria Bekić ◽  
El-Jesah Đulić ◽  
Amela Dedeić- Ljubović
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Warm Environment ◽  
Clinical Centre ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
Anaerobic Infections ◽  
Abdominal Infections

Objectives: Anaerobic bacteria may cause numerous infections in different locations through human body. Those infections can be life-threatening with significant mortality. Wounds represent a suitable habitat for colonization of anaerobic bacteria. Their proliferation contributes to moist and warm environment, hypoxic and necrotic tissue.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted at the Clinical Centre University of Sarajevo from 2015-2017. The study involved wound swab samples, sampled from hospitalized patients. The anaerobic bacteria were isolated using standard procedures.Results: During the period from 01.01.2015. to 31.12.2017, 8386 samples were analyzed on anaerobic bacteria and 872 (10.4%) of specimen were positive. In 2015, 332 (15%) specimens were positive, while during 2016 and 2017, 244 (7,8%) and 296 (9.9%) respectively. Bacteroides spp. was the most common isolate during three year period: 2015-227 (55.5%); 2016-139 (48%); 2017-161 (42,5%). It was followed by Peptococcus spp.: 2015-70 (17.1%); 2016-40 (13.9%); 2017-66 (17.4%), Clostridium spp.: 2015 – 32 (7.8%); 2016-21 (7.3%); 2017- 35 (9.2%), Fusobacterium spp.: 2015 – 49 (11.9%); 2016-32 (11.1%); 2017- 45 (11.9%).VITEK 2 Compact has identified to the level of species 48 isolates which were in pure culture.The largest number of anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the samples received from the Abdominal surgery. The overview of antimicrobial sensitivity showed highest sensitivity to metronidazole (99,9%) and carbapenems (99,9%), respectively.Conclusions The most commonly isolated anaerobic bacteria was Bacteroides spp.Highest number of positive isolates was from abdominal surgery since intra-abdominal infections reflect the microflora of the resected organ. Metronidazole remains the antibiotic of choice in the treatment of anaerobic infections.

A strategy of antimicrobial therapy of pelvic inflammatory diseases at antibiotic resistance of microbial pathogens

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Tatiana Yu Pestrikova ◽  
Elena A Yurasova ◽  
Igor V Yurasov
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Relevance. Antibiotic resistance of microbial pathogens is an interdisciplinary and interstate problem of major medical and socio-economic importance. If multiresistant microbial flora is detected in patients with acute or chronic forms of pelvic inflammatory diseases alternative antimicrobial combined therapy an advisability should be considered. Current trends of an increase in multiresistant gram-negative infections along with limited range of alternative treatment options dictate a need for further research. Study of alternative antibiotics effectiveness in pelvic inflammatory diseases treatment is necessary for a further development of optimal treatment regimens. Aim. To search for adequate combinations of antimicrobial therapy aimed at antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Materials and methods. To write this review a search for domestic and foreign publications in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) for the last 2-12 years was conducted. The review includes articles from peer-reviewed literature. Results. Fosfomycin possesses a broad spectrum of antibacterial effects including gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic bacteria. The drug is highly effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, anaerobic bacteria (Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae) as well as against gram- positive bacteria (Staphylococcus spp., including S. aureus, S. epidermidis; Streptococcus spp., including Enterococcus faecalis). Conclusions. When multiresistant microbial flora is detected in patients with acute or chronic forms of pelvic inflammatory diseases an advisability of fosfomycin administration should be considered.

Anaerobic Infections

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook ◽  
Ellie JC Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Normal Human Skin ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Adequate Coverage ◽  
Anaerobic Infections

Anaerobes are the most predominant components of the bacterial flora of normal human skin and mucous membranes and are a frequent cause of endogenous bacterial infections. Anaerobic infections can occur in all body locations: the central nervous system, oral cavity, head and neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, skin, and soft tissues. Treatment of anaerobic infection is complicated by the slow growth of anaerobes in culture, by their polymicrobial nature, and by their growing resistance to antimicrobials. Antimicrobial therapy is frequently the only form of therapy needed, whereas in some patients it is an important adjunct to drainage and surgery. Because anaerobes are generally isolated mixed with aerobes, the antimicrobial chosen should provide for adequate coverage of both. The most effective antimicrobials against anaerobes are metronidazole, the carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, ertapenem), chloramphenicol, the combination of a penicillin and a β-lactamase inhibitors (ampicillin or ticarcillin plus clavulanate, amoxicillin plus sulbactam, piperacillin plus tazobactam), tigecycline, cefoxitin, and clindamycin. This review contains 4 figures, 9 tables, and 150 references. Key words: anaerobic bacteria, antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium spp, Fusobacterium spp, infection, Peptostreptococcus spp  

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