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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a form of adult stem cells, are known to have a self-renewing property and the
potential to specialize into a multitude of cells and tissues such as adipocytes, cartilage cells, and fibroblasts. MSCs can migrate and home to the desired target zone where inflammation is present. The unique characteristics of MSCs in repairing,
differentiation, regeneration, and its high capacity of immune modulation has attracted tremendous attention for exerting
them in clinical purposes, as they contribute to tissue regeneration process and anti-tumor activity. The MSCs-based treatment has demonstrated remarkable applicability towards various diseases such as heart and bone malignancies, and cancer
cells. Importantly, genetically engineered MSCs, as a state-of-the-art therapeutic approach, could address some clinical hurdles by systemic secretion of cytokines and other agents with a short half-life and high toxicity. Therefore, understanding
the biological aspects and the characteristics of MSCs is an imperative issue of concern. Herein, we provide an overview of
the therapeutic application and the biological features of MSCs against different inflammatory diseases and cancer cells. We
further shed light on MSCs physiological interaction, such as migration, homing, and tissue repairing mechanisms with different healthy and inflamed tissues.