scholarly journals Phylogenetic placement of Iodosphaeriaceae (Xylariales, Ascomycota), designation of an epitype for the type species of Iodosphaeria, I. phyllophila, and description of I. foliicola sp. nov.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Miller ◽  
M. Réblová
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single Genus

The Iodosphaeriaceae is represented by the single genus, Iodosphaeria, which is composed of nine species with superficial, black, globose ascomata covered with long, flexuous, brown hairs projecting from the ascomata in a stellate fashion, unitunicate asci with an amyloid apical ring or ring lacking and ellipsoidal, ellipsoidal-fusiform or allantoid, hyaline, aseptate ascospores. Members of Iodosphaeria are infrequently found worldwide as saprobes on various hosts and a wide range of substrates. Only three species have been sequenced and included in phylogenetic analyses, but the type species, I. phyllophila, lacks sequence data. In order to stabilize the placement of the genus and family, an epitype for the type species was designated after obtaining ITS sequence data and conducting maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Iodosphaeria foliicola occurring on overwintered Alnus sp. leaves is described as new. Five species in the genus form a well-supported monophyletic group, sister to the Pseudosporidesmiaceae in the Xylariales. Selenosporella-like and/or ceratosporium-like synasexual morphs were experimentally verified or found associated with ascomata of seven of the nine accepted species in the genus. Taxa included and excluded from Iodosphaeria are discussed.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic placement and reassessment of Asperisporium pongamiae as Pedrocrousiella pongamiae gen. et comb. nov. (Mycosphaerellaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Rajeshkumar ◽  
U. Braun ◽  
J.Z. Groenewald ◽  
S.S. Lad ◽  
N. Ashtekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Asexual Morph ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Pongamia Glabra

The leaf spot disease of Pongamia pinnata caused by an asperisporium-like asexual morph, which is usually referred to as Asperisporium pongamiae, is quite common during monsoon seasons in India. Phylogenetic analyses, based on LSU and rpb2 sequence data, and blast searches using ITS sequence data, revealed that this ascomycete forms a lineage within Mycosphaerellaceae distant from all other generic lineages. Pedrocrousiella gen. nov., with P. pongamiae comb. nov., based on Fusicladium pongamiae (≡ A. pongamiae), as type species is introduced for this lineage. This species has been considered the asexual morph of Mycosphaerella pongamiae (≡ Stigmatea pongamiae). However, this connection is unproven and was just based on the occasional association of the two taxa in some collections. Several attempts to induce the formation of a sexual morph in culture failed, therefore the putative connection between these morphs could not be confirmed. Asperisporium pongamiae-pinnatae is reduced to synonymy with P. pongamiae. Asperisporium pongamiae-pinnatae was introduced because of the wrong assumption that F. pongamiae had been described on another host, Pongamia globosa. But Fusicladium pongamiae was actually described in India on Pongamia glabra, which is a synonym of P. pinnata, and hence on the same host as Asperisporium pongamiae-pinnatae. Pedrocrousiella pongamiae clusters in a clade containing Distocercospora, Clypeosphaerella, and “Pseudocercospora” nephrolepidicola, a species which is not congeneric with Pseudocercospora. Phylogenetically, Pedrocrousiella is distant from the Asperisporium s. str. clade (type species A. caricae), which is more closely related to Amycosphaerella, Pseudocercosporella, Distomycovellosiella and Nothopassalora.

scholarly journals DNA Based Identification and Phylogenetic Characterisation of Endophytic and Saprobic Fungi from Antidesma madagascariense, a Medicinal Plant in Mauritius

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Jeewon ◽  
Jayesh Ittoo ◽  
Devendra Mahadeb ◽  
Yasmina Jaufeerally-Fakim ◽  
Hong-Kai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Saprobic Fungi ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
First Time

Endophytes are fungi associated with plants without causing symptoms, and they are quite diverse and have enormous potential for production of important secondary metabolites for the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, we report for the first time fungi (both endophytes and saprobes) from Antidesma madagascariense, a medicinal plant in Mauritius, in view of identifying potential candidates for screening of fungi for pharmaceutical importance. In addition the phylogenetic placement of fungi recovered from leaves samples was investigated based on rDNA sequence analysis. Most commonly isolated fungi were related to Aspergillus, Guignardia, Fusarium, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, and Trichoderma. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that fungi recovered belong to 5 different fungal lineages (Hypocreaceae, Trichocomaceae, Nectriaceae, Xylariaceae, and Botryosphaeriaceae). DNA data from the ITS regions were reliable in classification of all recovered isolates up to genus level, but identification to an exact species name was not possible at this stage. Despite criticisms pertaining to the use of ITS sequence data in molecular systematics, our approach here provides an opportunity to justify the reliability of ITS sequence data for possible identification and discovering of evolutionary scenarios among isolates that do not sporulate under cultural conditions.

DELIMITATION OF GENERA IN APIACEAE WITH EXAMPLES FROM SCANDICEAE SUBTRIBE SCANDICINAE

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SPALIK ◽  
A. WOJEWÓDZKA ◽  
S. R. DOWNIE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
High Bootstrap ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Fruit Characters

Of the 455 known genera in Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), 41% are monotypic and 26% comprise only two or three species each. Similarly, of the 16 genera constituting Scandiceae Spreng. subtribe Scandicinae Tausch, seven (Balansaea Boiss. & Reut., Kozlovia Lipsky, Krasnovia Schischk., Myrrhis Mill., Myrrhoides Fabr., Sphallerocarpus DC. and Todaroa Parl.) are monotypic, and two (Neoconopodium Pimenov & Kljuykov and Tinguarra Parl.) are bitypic. Phylogenetic analysis of the subtribe, using molecular (rDNA ITS), morphological and anatomical data, indicates that the number of genera may be reduced with only three, Todaroa, Sphallerocarpus and Myrrhis, retained as monotypic. Remaining taxa form eight clades that are supported by high bootstrap values and are morphologically distinct. Four of these clades (Anthriscus Pers., Geocaryum Coss., Osmorhiza Raf. and Scandix L.) are equivalent to currently recognized genera. Kozlovia, Krasnovia and Neoconopodium form a well-supported clade that may be recognized as the single genus Kozlovia, and Myrrhoides is grouped with Chaerophyllum L. Tinguarra and Athamanta L. form a monophyletic group that is well supported by analyses of morphology, fruit anatomy, and combined morphological, anatomical and ITS sequence data; however, this group is not maintained in separate analyses of ITS sequences. Similarly, the group formed by Conopodium W. D. J. Koch and Balansaea is monophyletic in morphological, anatomical, and combined analyses, but is not supported by the separate analyses of ITS sequence data. All of these groups are well delimited on the basis of fruit characters that have long been regarded as essential in umbellifer taxonomy. One new combination is proposed: Athamanta montana (Webb ex H. Christ.) Spalik, A. Wojew. & S. R. Downie.

scholarly journals First Report of Pink Disease on Native Trees in South Africa and Phylogenetic Placement of Erythricium salmonicolor in the Homobasidiomycetes

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1158-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roux ◽  
M. P. A. Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Mpumalanga Province ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Erythricium salmonicolor causes a canker and die-back disease, commonly known as pink disease, on many tree species. During an investigation of diseases of Podocarpus henkellii and P. latifolius in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa, typical symptoms of pink disease were observed on the branches of these trees. Stem and branch cankers covered with cracked bark and abundant pink mycelial growth were common on the affected trees. In subsequent surveys, the disease was also found on native Dais cotonifolia in the same area, as well as on native Ekebergia capensis and Maesa lanceolata in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands. Phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal large subunit DNA sequence data were used to confirm the identity of the pathogen and obtain an indication of its phylogenetic placement within the Homobasidiomycetes. Isolates from all the native hosts recorded in this study, as well as from exotic Eucalyptus sp. and Acacia mearnsii, formed a strongly supported clade together with isolates from other parts of the world. Results confirmed that the pathogen in South Africa is Erythricium salmonicolor. Isolates from South Africa and Ethiopia grouped closely together, slightly different from E. salmonicolor isolates from the rest of the world. Our data also suggest that the genus name for E. salmonicolor possibly should be reconsidered because it groups separately from E. laetum or Corticium roseum. Phylogenetic analyses further indicated that the genus Erythricium is most closely related to Marchandiomyces aurantiacus, M. lignicola, C. roseum, E. laetum, Dendrothele maculata, D. roseacarneum, Vuilleminia comedens, V. macrospora, Punctularia strigoso-zonata and Galzinia incrustans. These genera form a separate subclade, the corticioid clade, within the Homobasidiomycetes. Pink disease is potentially important in South Africa because it affects a wide range of native and exotic tree species, and this study provides a foundation for further research.

Neolinocarpon phayaoense sp. nov. (Linocarpaceae) from Thailand

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 362 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHANOKNED SENWANNA ◽  
RUNGTIWA PHOOKAMSAK ◽  
ALI H. BAHKALI ◽  
ABDALLAH M. ELGORBAN ◽  
RATCHADAWAN CHEEWANGKOON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinity ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Neolinocarpon, N. phayaoense was found on a branch of Hevea brasiliensis in northern Thailand. The new species is introduced in this paper, with evidence from morphology and phylogenetic analyses. Descriptions, illustrations and notes are provided for the new taxon. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of a combined LSU and ITS sequence data clarified the phylogenetic affinity in Neolinocarpon, with the species separated from Linocarpon in Linocarpaceae. Neolinocarpon is morphologically distinct from Linocarpon in having immersed ascomata.

Novomicrothelia pandanicola sp. nov., a non-lichenized Trypetheliaceae species from Pandanus

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 321 (3) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHENG-NAN ZHANG ◽  
KEVIN D. HYDE ◽  
E.B. GARETH JONES ◽  
RATCHADAWAN CHEEWANGKOON ◽  
SARANYAPHAT BOONMEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
The Family ◽  
Basal Clade ◽  
Pandanus Tectorius

A non-lichenized Trypetheliaceae species was collected and isolated from dead bark of Pandanus tectorius in Chanthaburi, Thailand. Morphological features of the fungus places it in the genus Novomicrothelia. Phylogenetic analyses of LSU sequence data showed that the fungus clustered together with Novomicrothelia oleosa and formed a well-supported basal clade in the family Trypetheliaceae. The fungus is phylogenetically distinct from the type species N. oleosa, and herein we introduce this taxon as Novomicrothelia pandanicola sp. nov. The new species shares similar ascomatal morphology and trabeculate pseudoparaphyses with N. oleosa, but differs in its muriform ascospores with a gelatinous sheath. Novomicrothelia pandanicola is described, illustrated and notes on its phylogenetic placement are provided.

Pseudodactylaria brevis sp. nov. from Thailand confirms the status of Pseudodactylariaceae

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 369 (4) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHUAN-GEN LIN ◽  
ERIC H. C. MCKENZIE ◽  
DARBHE J. BHAT ◽  
JIAN-KUI LIU ◽  
KEVIN D. HYDE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
The Status ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Pseudodactylaria brevis, is described, illustrated and compared with other Pseudodactylaria and Dactylaria-like taxa. Evidence for the new species is provided by morphological comparison and sequence data analyses. Pseudodactylaria brevis can be distinguished from other Pseudodactylaria and Dactylaria-like species by its short hyaline conidiophores and fusiform, 1-septate hyaline conidia. Phylogenetic analysis of LSU and ITS sequence data was carried out to determine the phylogenetic placement of the species and confirm the taxonomic status of Pseudodactylariaceae.

Rhexocercosporidium camporesii sp. nov. (Ploettnerulaceae, Helotiales) from Italy

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 482 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
KUNTHIDA PHUTTHACHAROEN ◽  
K.W. THILINI CHETHANA ◽  
RUNGTIWA PHOOKAMSAK ◽  
ERIC H.C. MCKENZIE ◽  
KEVIN D. HYDE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Gene Analysis ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Rhexocercosporidium camporesii was collected from dead branches of Scabiosa maritima (Caprifoliaceae) in Forlì-Cesena, Italy. The new species is characterized by a lack of setae surrounding the apothecia and by fusiform, aseptate ascospores containing multiple guttules. Rhexocercosporidium camporesii has larger asci and ascospores than other species of Rhexocercosporidium. Phylogenetic analyses using a combined gene analysis of LSU and ITS sequence data indicated that the new species belongs to Ploettnerulaceae (Helotiales). A detailed morphological description and illustration of the new species are provided.

A multiple gene genealogy reveals the phylogenetic placement of Iodosphaeria tongrenensis sp. nov. in Iodosphaeriaceae (Xylariales)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qirui Li ◽  
JI-CHUAN KANG ◽  
KEVIN D. HYDE
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
Gene Genealogy ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement

During collections of Sordariomycetes in Guizhou Province, China, we collected Iodosphaeria tongrenensis sp. nov.. It is unique in the genus because of its ellipsoidal ascospores (18.5–22.5 × 6.5–8.5 μm) with a slimy sheath covering the whole spore, and J+, wedge-shaped, ascal apical apparatus. Iodosphaeria is a monotypic genus in Iodosphaeriaceae and phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS and SSU sequence data indicate that it is a distinct family in the order Xylariales.

scholarly journals Urocystis cumminsii sp. nov., a smut fungus on Themidaceae from Arizona

Mycotaxon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-599
Author(s):  
Kyryll G. Savchenko ◽  
Sylena R. Harper ◽  
Lori M. Carris ◽  
Lisa A. Castlebury
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
First Record ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Basal Position

The morphology and phylogenetic relationships of a species of Urocystis on Dichelostemma capitatum (Themidaceae, Asparagales) collected in the Tucson Mountains in Arizona, United States, were studied using microscopy and ITS rDNA sequence analyses. This is a first record for smut fungi on hosts from Themidaceae. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequence data revealed its basal position in relation to species on Poaceae. As a result, the smut in leaves of Dichelostemma capitatum is described and illustrated here as a new species, Urocystis cumminsii.

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