Responsibility for offenses in the customary law ideas of the don Cossacks in the second half of the 19th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-2) ◽  
pp. 233-251
Author(s):  
Sergey Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

In this publication, the author conducts a specific historical reconstruction of the customary law ideas of the Don Cossacks about the responsibility of the perpetrators of the offenses committed by them in the second half of the XIX century in order to establish what actually, despite the ethnic identity and features of bringing these persons to various types of punishment under customary law, was the basis for the occurrence of a particular type of responsibility and constituted its essence. For the first time, the author proposes to consider of thecustomary representations of the Don Cossacks about responsibility for offenses through the concept of abuse of their duties (obligations) to the Don Cossack communities by all, without exception, members of communities and in various spheres of their life.

Corporal punishment under customary law among the Don Cossacks in the second half of the 19th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-2) ◽  
pp. 140-160
Author(s):  
Sergey Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

In this publication, the author for the first time conducts a concrete historical reconstruction of the main types of use of corporal punishment, which were considered the most popular and effective among the don Cossacks in the second half of the XIX century.

Countering the abuse of their duties under customary law among the don Cossacks in the second half of the 19th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11-1) ◽  
pp. 100-113
Author(s):  
Sergey Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
The 19Th Century

In this publication the author first conducts a specific historical reconstruction of the different methods and (or) measures the customary law of responsibility, which has always used the Don Cossack community as a reciprocal means and (or) the punishment of offenders, and the use of which allowed members of the Don Cossack communities to delineate the customary law of responsibility for the violation of simple prohibitions, which were established by certain norms of customary law.

scholarly journals “MESSAGE” BY I. GERASIMOV: PEASANT APOLOGY OF SPASOVO DENOMINATION IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 19TH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
ARTEM V. KRESTYANINOV ◽  
◽  
ANDREY U. MIKHAILOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The article presents a message of the Old Believers’ Spasovo denomination by a peasant Ivan Gerasimov from the Kazan Province. The document is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The approximate date of writing this text refers to the time interval between June 15, 1849 and June 10, 1850. The appearance of the “message” was caused by the reaction of I. Gerasimov to the initiation of an investigative case against him with apostasy of schism. Like most representatives of the Spasovo denomination (“glukhoy netovshchiny” or “starospasovtsev”), he was baptized in the Orthodox Church. However, like other old believers, I. Gerasimov denied the existence of the church, and thus did not perform the rites accepted in the Orthodox Church, which was a formal reason for accusing him of evading a split. It was in the process of investigation that he wrote this message, the recipient of which was the local Orthodox priesthood. The uniqueness of this source lies in the fact that the message is one of the rare written documents that emerged in the first half of the XIX century...

THE ACTIVITY OF SAMARKAND REGIONAL STATISTICAL COMMITTEE IN SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY -EARLY XX CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Jonibek Butaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of the Samarkand Regional Statistics Committee in the second half of the XIX -early XX centuries. Statistical committees and departments established in the second half of the 19th century in the province of Turkestan and all regions to study the socio-economic, political and cultural life of the country, compile statistical reports and collections, as well as consolidate the colonial policy of the empire. The article analyzes the data of the Statistics Committee and the Department of Samarkand region.

Bonobos

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

This is a comprehensive, illustrated catalogue of the 200+ marine chronometers in the collections of Royal Museums Greenwich. Every chronometer has been completely dismantled, studied and recorded, and illustrations include especially commissioned line drawings as well as photographs. The collection is also used to illustrate a newly researched and up-to-date chapter describing the history of the marine chronometer, so the book is much more than simply a catalogue. The history chapter naturally includes the story of John Harrison’s pioneering work in creating the first practical marine timekeepers, all four of which are included in the catalogue, newly photographed and described in minute detail for the first time. In fact full technical and historical data are provided for all of the marine chronometers in the collection, to an extent never before attempted, including biographical details of every maker represented. A chapter describes how the 19th century English chronometer was manufactured, and another provides comprehensive and logically arranged information on how to assess and date a given marine chronometer, something collectors and dealers find particularly difficult. For further help in identification of chronometers, appendices include a pictorial record of the number punches used by specific makers to number their movements, and the maker’s punches used by the rough movement makers. There is also a close-up pictorial guide to the various compensation balances used in chronometers in the collection, a technical Glossary of terms used in the catalogue text and a concordance of the various inventory numbers used in the collection over the years.

scholarly journals Catalogue of the primatological collection of the Torino University

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Calvini ◽  
Maria Stella Siori ◽  
Spartaco Gippoliti ◽  
Marco Pavia
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Zoological Garden ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

The revised catalogue of primatological material stored in the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali of Torino and in the Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi of the Università degli Studi di Torino and belonging to the historical material of the Torino University is introduced. The material, 494 specimens belonging to 399 individuals of 122 taxa, is of particular importance since specimens were mainly obtained during the 19th Century and the beginning of the 20th Century. A relevant part of the collection was created by the collaborators of the Museum, among which it is worth to mention F. De Filippi, A. Borelli and E. Festa, while other material came from purchases and donations from private people or the Royal Zoological Garden of Torino. Great part of the specimens is stuffed but also the osteological materials are of particular importance, as many of them derived from the specimens before being prepared and consisting of skulls or more or less complete skeletons. After this revision, the Lectotype and Paralectotypes of <em>Alouatta</em> <em>palliata</em> <em>aequatorialis</em> have been selected, and the type-specimen of the <em>brunnea</em> variety of <em>Cebus</em> <em>albifrons</em> <em>cuscinus</em> has been recognized. In addition, some specimens of particular historical-scientific importance have also been identified and here presented for the first time.

The challenges of the primary teachers in the XIX century: from the materials needed to teach classes to the payment of the salaries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Silveira Amorim
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Primary Teachers ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Primary Teacher ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Qualified Teacher ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

Different aspects impacted the work of primary school teachers in the 19th century: the lack of materials for the teaching of classes, the delay in paying salaries and the release of resources to pay the rent of the houses where the classes worked, the health issues that implied the removal of the teacher for treatment, among others. Given this context, the objective is to inform how the teaching profession was configured based on the challenges faced by primary teachers in the 19th century. As a research in the field of History of Education, newspapers and official communications will be taken as sources, being analyzed from the conceptions of configuration and representation. It is possible to perceive that the profession of primary teacher was configured in the face of challenges and confrontations, corroborating the construction of the representation of the qualified teacher in the 19th century.

Liability of minors in russian criminal law practice XVIII — first half of XIX century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-3) ◽  
pp. 242-249
Author(s):  
Alexander Sergeev ◽  
Ekaterina Bratukhina ◽  
Irina Kushova ◽  
Dmitriy Ovsyukov
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the historical aspects of the evolution of the legislative definition of the age of onset of criminal responsibility and the specifics of sentencing juvenile offenders in the 18th and first half of the 19th century.

De windmolen

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
JOS BAZELMANS
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
At Home

The windmill. The origins of a Dutch icon The windmill is an icon of the Netherlands. But when did this instrument acquire this symbolic role at home and abroad? After all, mills are also common outside of the Netherlands. In this essay, it is argued that during the second half of the 19th century, foreigners systematically identified the Netherlands and the windmill for the first time. More than in other countries, there was a varied use of mills in the Netherlands, large and robust mills and clusters of industrial mills. Within the Netherlands itself, development towards an iconic position is only visible around the turn of the century when the mill turned out to be a plus in tourist recruitment abroad and when mills were slowly disappearing from the landscape.

scholarly journals "However, the language here is changing gradually, and in the presence of so many local dialects the Croatian and its kindred Slovenian world cannot be separated very precisely" – Drawing the Slovenian-Croatian National Border in the Territory of the Present-day Prekmurje Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Jernej Kosi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Demarcation Line ◽  
National Space ◽  
National Movement ◽  
National Border ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

The article analyses the process involved in the formation of the idea to separate the "Slovenian" and "Croatian" national territory in the west of the Kingdom of Hungary. The concept was initially articulated as a linguistic premise in the works written by the famous linguist Jernej Kopitar, who understood the territory of the today's Prekmurje region as an area where Slovenian language was spoken. As of the middle of the 19th century, Kopitar's classification had been appropriated by the Slovenian national movement, which presupposed that the speakers of the Slovenian language in the Kingdom of Hungary were also members of the envisioned Slovenian community. In this context the Slovenian linguistic – national border was, in the middle of the 19th century, depicted on a map for the first time (Peter Kozler). In just a few decades, the idea of the national demarcation line in the today's Prekmurje, supposedly separating Slovenians from Croats at the river Mura, had strengthened considerably among the Slovenian national activists in the Cisleithanian lands. After the dissolution of Austro-Hungary and the signing of the Treaty of Trianion, this line in fact became a border between the Slovenian and the neighbouring Croatian national space. 

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