The first definite record of Sinomegoura citricola (van der Goot, 1917) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) occurring on Ilex rotunda (Aquifoliaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Daisuke Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
The Family ◽  
Definite Host ◽  
Ilex Rotunda ◽  
Plant Shoots

In April 2018, the occurrence of Sinomegoura citricola was recorded on Ilex rotunda (Aquifoliaceae) in Japan. Both aphid identification with mounted specimens and rearing experiments with the plant shoots revealed that I. rotunda is a definite host for S. citricola. This is believed to be the first study to report a species of the family Aquifoliaceae as a certain host plant of S. citricola, emphasizing that the aphid is a polyphagous species.

scholarly journals Influence of Age, Host Plant and Mating Status in Pheromone Production and New Insights on Perception Plasticity in Tuta Absoluta

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aroa Domínguez ◽  
Sergio López ◽  
Ana Bernabé ◽  
Ángel Guerrero ◽  
Carmen Quero
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Pheromone Production ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Young Females ◽  
The Family ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
First Time

The tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most important pests of tomato worldwide. However, in spite of its tremendous economic importance, the success of environmentally friendly measures to control the pest is still limited. Study of physiological and behavioral parameters that affect pheromone production has provided useful information for pest management. Our results show no clear difference in pheromone production by females over the period from 2 h before to 2 h after the scotophase. However, pheromone production was clearly dependent on female age, with young females producing the highest amount of each pheromone component 10 days after emergence. In the presence of the host plant (physical contact and olfaction of the plant volatiles), virgin and mated females produced higher amounts of the major component of the pheromone (TDTA) than those in the absence of plant and those devoid of olfaction (antennectomized) but in physical contact with the plant. In electrophysiological experiments, TDTA elicited slightly lower responses on male antennae than the pheromone mixture. When stimulated at certain time intervals after the first exposure to TDTA, male antennae became more sensitive to the stimulus (sensitization effect). For the first time in an insect of the family Gelechiidae, we have found that females are able to detect their own pheromone (autodetection). Altogether, our results may represent a step forward in the knowledge of the chemical communication of this important pest.

Updated contribution to the knowledge of Tetranychoidea (Acari: Tetranychidae, Tenuipalpidae) from Syria with reinstatement of genus Nuciforaella Vacante

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Mahran Zeity ◽  
Nagappa Srinivasa
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
New Host ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

Sixteen species of Tetranychoidea, 11 Tetranychidae and 5 Tenuipalpidae are reported in this study. Seven of them are recorded for the first time from Syria: Bryobia gigas, Oligonychus afrasiaticus, O. coniferarum, O. pratensis, Cenopalpus rubusi, Tenuipalpus cupressoides and T. punicae. New host plant records are also reported. Reinstatement of the genus Nuciforaella Vacante is discussed in this study. Detailed descriptions of immature stages and female of Nuciforaella nikitensis are given. A key to the known species of the family Tetranychidae from Syria is provided.

THE APPLICATION OF SEROLOGICAL METHODS TO THE DIFFERENTIATION OF CLOSELY RELATED SMUT FUNGI

1938 ◽  
Vol 16c (10) ◽  
pp. 391-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Parent Culture ◽  
The Family

Serological methods were applied in an attempt to differentiate a number of closely related members of the family Ustilaginaceae. The results of two series of reciprocal precipitin-ring tests showed that different genera and species of the same family were satisfactorily differentiated by this technique; so also were compatible cultures of the same species, where no detectable differences existed, other than the necessity of the haploid counterparts being brought together on the appropriate host plant to induce the diploid phase, and subsequent infection of the host. A parent culture and its mutant that were different morphologically but alike in their pathogenicity, were the only ones that could not be differentiated by this technique. Reciprocal absorption tests were applied to these two fungi, but the powder of either culture absorbed the antibodies of both from the immune sera. Optimal proportions of antigen and antibody were determined, but could not be applied in absorption tests because of the dilution of antisera. Agglutination tests were attempted but were unfruitful.

The soft scale (Coccidae) associates of Malaysian ant-plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Heckroth ◽  
Brigitte Fiala ◽  
Penny J. Gullan ◽  
Azarae HJ. Idris ◽  
Ulrich Maschwitz
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Taxonomic Research ◽  
Host Plant Specificity

Myrmecophytic species of the Paleotropical plant genus Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) have hollow stems that are almost always occupied by ants of the genus Crematogaster and scale insects of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). The coccids have a cryptic endophytic lifestyle and are confined to this microhabitat. They are much more diverse than previously recognised. First data are presented on the diversity, prevalence, specificity and distribution of the coccids associated with myrmecophytic Macaranga species. Twenty-two species of Coccidae in total, including 15 previously unknown from Macaranga, were discovered from 19 species of Macaranga in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. The original describers tentatively assigned the known coccid species to Coccus (Coccinae) but the Macaranga coccids still require taxonomic research to establish their correct placing. The coccids varied in their host-plant specificity from species that occurred in most of the sampled Macaranga to one species that was found almost exclusively only on a single host species. In addition to their occurrence on Macaranga, only three species, C. macarangae and C. secretus and morphospecies C. 214 were found on rare occasions in the stem interior of a few other myrmecophytes and in a non-myrmecophytic liana, but did not regularly colonise these plants. Most of the coccids can be regarded as highly specific at the plant genus level.

scholarly journals Genomic Traces of the Fruit Fly Anastrepha obliqua Associated with Its Polyphagous Nature

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1116
Author(s):  
Elkin Aguirre-Ramirez ◽  
Sandra Velasco-Cuervo ◽  
Nelson Toro-Perea
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Protein Families ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
New Host ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anastrepha Obliqua

Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important pest in the neotropical region. It is considered a polyphagous insect, meaning it infests plants of different taxonomic families and readily colonizes new host plants. The change to new hosts can lead to diversification and the formation of host races. Previous studies investigating the effect of host plants on population structure and selection in Anastrepha obliqua have focused on the use of data from the mitochondrial DNA sequence and microsatellite markers of nuclear DNA, and there are no analyses at the genomic level. To better understand this issue, we used a pooled restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (pooled RAD-seq) approach to assess genomic differentiation and population structure across sympatric populations of Anastrepha obliqua that infest three host plants—Spondias purpurea (red mombin), Mangifera indica (mango) of the family Anacardiaceae and Averrhoa carambola (carambola) of the family Oxalidaceae—in sympatric populations of the species Anastrepha obliqua of Inter-Andean Valley of the Cauca River in southwestern Colombia. Our results show genomic differentiation of populations from carambola compared to mango and red mombin populations, but the genetic structure was mainly established by geography rather than by the host plant. On the other hand, we identified 54 SNPs in 23 sequences significantly associated with the use of the host plant. Of these 23 sequences, we identified 17 candidate genes and nine protein families, of which four protein families are involved in the nutrition of these flies. Future studies should investigate the adaptive processes undergone by phytophagous insects in the Neotropics, using fruit flies as a model and state-of-the-art molecular tools.

First records of Palaearctic Agromyzidae (Diptera) from 40 countries and major islands

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-229
Author(s):  
Miloš Černý ◽  
Michael von Tschirnhaus ◽  
Kaj Winqvist
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Palaearctic Region ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

Abstract First records of 151 species in the family Agromyzidae are presented for 40 countries and major islands in the Palaearctic Region (Russia being split into four subregions): from Afghanistan (1 sp.), Albania (15 spp.), Algeria (1 sp.), Andorra (2 spp.), Armenia (4 spp.), Austria (14 spp.), Balearic Islands (4 spp.), Canary Islands (2 spp.), China - Palaearctic part (2 spp.), Corsica (5 spp.), Crete (6 spp.), Croatia (16 spp.), Czech Republic (4 spp.), Dodekanese Islands incl. Rhodes (5 spp.), Egypt (1 sp.), European Russia (2 spp.), Finland (12 spp.), France (1 sp.), Georgia (1 sp.), Germany (14 spp.), Great Britain (2 spp.), Greece (4 spp.), Iceland (1 sp.), Iran (8 spp.), Israel (1 sp.), Italy (12 spp.), Jordan (6 spp.), Kyrgyzstan (6 spp.), Lithuania (2 spp.), Macedonia (2 spp.), Mongolia (2 spp.), Morocco (6 spp.), Netherlands (1 sp.), Norway (3 spp.), Oman (1 sp.), Poland (1 sp.), West Siberia (1 sp.), East Sibiria (3 spp.), Kamchatka (5 spp.), Sardinia (1 sp.), Slovakia (4 spp.), South Korea (13 spp.), Spain (10 spp.), Sweden (7 spp.), Switzerland (5 spp.) and Turkey (1 sp.). For a few species morphological details or plant genera from the collecting localities are added as possible host plants. Phytomyza parvicella (Coquillett, 1902) exhibits an extremely disjunct distribution, occurring in the high Arctic from Alaska to west Greenland and on the highest mountains of Germany and Poland. Other rare species with Boreo-alpine disjunctions are recorded. Cerodontha (Cerodontha) phragmitophila Hering, 1935 reached a tiny artificial patch of its host plant within the Sahara sand desert. The thermophilic mediterranean Phytoliriomyza pectoralis (Becker, 1908) was detected on the Swedish sun-blessed island Öland. Chromatomyia obscuriceps (Hendel, 1936) (emerged from Triticum crop) is specified as a valid species occurring from Iceland to Kamchatka. A new definition for Chromatomyia nigra (Meigen, 1830) sensu stricto is presented. The American Amauromyza (Cephalomyza) abnormalis (Malloch, 1913), a possible agent against the harmful neophyte Amaranthus retroflexus, was detected for the first time in the Palaearctic Region. Gnaphalium is attributed as a first detected host plant genus of Phytoliriomyza venustula Spencer, 1976.

Parasadoletus exsertus, a new genus and species of Heterogastridae from Australia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4878 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-600
Author(s):  
M. B. MALIPATIL
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
The Family

Parasadoletus exsertus gen. and sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Heterogastridae) is described from Mount Glorious, southeastern Queensland, Australia, based on specimens collected associated with a rainforest tree Argyrodendron actinophyllum (F. M. Bailey) Edlin (Malvaceae). The new genus is compared and its relationship with other known genera of the family Heterogastridae elucidated, also comments on host plant associations within this family are provided.

scholarly journals Resurgence of Pseudoperonospora cubensis: The Causal Agent of Cucurbit Downy Mildew

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 998-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yigal Cohen ◽  
Kyle M. Van den Langenberg ◽  
Todd C. Wehner ◽  
Peter S. Ojiambo ◽  
Mary Hausbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Pseudoperonospora Cubensis ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Family ◽  
Future Management

The downy mildew pathogen, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, which infects plant species in the family Cucurbitaceae, has undergone major changes during the last decade. Disease severity and epidemics are far more destructive than previously reported, and new genotypes, races, pathotypes, and mating types of the pathogen have been discovered in populations from around the globe as a result of the resurgence of the disease. Consequently, disease control through host plant resistance and fungicide applications has become more complex. This resurgence of P. cubensis offers challenges to scientists in many research areas including pathogen biology, epidemiology and dispersal, population structure and population genetics, host preference, host−pathogen interactions and gene expression, genetic host plant resistance, inheritance of host and fungicide resistance, and chemical disease control. This review serves to summarize the current status of this major pathogen and to guide future management and research efforts within this pathosystem.

THE NEPTICULIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) OF CANADA

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (S107) ◽  
pp. 1-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Wilkinson ◽  
M. J. Scoble
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
The North ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Plant Choice

AbstractA taxonomic revision, including descriptions, diagnoses, and bibliographies, is given of the genera and species of the family Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) so far collected in Canada. In addition, extensive material from the U.S.A. and a number of specimens from Europe have been examined. Five new species and two new subspecies are described. Notes on the biology of the species have been collated from rearing records, label data, and the relevant literature. With one exception all existing types have been examined and, in addition, a number of types designated.A major feature of this work is a study of the genitalia of the moths — never before undertaken extensively on the North American Nepticulidae. These structures give valuable diagnostic features and are of fundamental importance in the provision of modern descriptions and keys. As genitalia characters are thought to be the best taxonomic indicators of relationships between species in the Nepticulidae, the species-groups proposed have been mainly defined on these structures.The confusion over the nomenclature of the family name is discussed. Taxonomic histories of the genera are given and one generic synonymy is made.Taxonomic problems are discussed in relation to distribution and food-plant choice. The host-plant associations of the family are reviewed, with reference to the mining habits of the larvae. A priori use of host-plant data in the taxonomy of the Nepticulidae is found to be limited. However, the proposed species-groups illustrate a general conclusion that related species tend to feed on plants that are themselves taxonomically related.

Fossil aphids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) from Canadian Cretaceous amber and from the Miocene of Nevada

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Heie
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Clay Shales ◽  
The Family ◽  
Three New Species

AbstractThree new species of fossil aphids are described from Canadian amber, age the Upper Cretaceous, viz. Longiradius foottitti n. gen. et n. sp., which has been referred to Palaeoaphididae, Canaphis albertensis n. gen. et n. sp. and Aphidinius constrictus n. gen. et n. sp., which have been impossible to place in any known family. Furthermore more material of Mesozoicaphis canadensis Heie, belonging to the extinct family Mesozoicaphididae, are described. At least 32 specimens of Mesozoicaphis spp. occur in the material, often more than two in the same piece of amber, making it highly probable that their host plant was the resin-producing gymnosperm. Eight new species of fossil aphids with 16 specimens are described from clay shales in Nevada, age the Middle Miocene, viz. Palaeogreenidea rittae n. gen. et n. sp. belonging to the family Greenideidae, Similidrepan pulawskii n. gen. et n. sp., Nevaphis nevadensis n. gen. et n. sp. and Americaphis longipes n. gen. et n. sp., which have placed in Drepanosiphidae, Lachnarius miocaenicus n. gen. et n. sp., which belongs to Lachnidae, and Eriosaphis leei gen. et n. sp., Eriosomaphis jesperi n. gen. et n. sp. and Eriosomaphis occidentalis n. sp., which have been placed in Eriosomatidae (= Pemphigidae).

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