Penapisan Tiga Puluh Tujuh Genotipe Tomat dan Seleksi Primer RAPD untuk Toleransi terhadap Layu Bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum)

Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) is the most important tomato diseases which can reduce tomato yield up to 100%. One most prospective control measure is the development of high yielding varieties tolerance to bacterial wilt. Donor parent carrying bacterial wilt controlling gene(s) is required to develop such varieties. The objectives of this study were to screen thirty-seven tomato genotypes for tolerance to R. solanacearum and to obtain RAPD markers of resistance to bacterial wilt. The experiment was arranged without the experimental design. Each tomato genotypes consisting of 5 control uninoculated plants and 10 plants were inoculated with R. solanacearum with a concentration of 106 cfu / ml inoculum of 10 mL per plant. Scoring was done on the severity of disease symptom; and the plants were grouped according to scoring class. Molecular analysis was done by using Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA). The results showed there were six genotypes considerd very tolerant i.e. genotype Pearl, Opal, Cung, Syu and Kudamati I; tolerant genotypes consisting of five genotypes; medium tolerant groups consisting of eight genotypes; medium sensitives groups consisting of 14 genotypes; and sensitive class consisting of four genotypes, namely Aceh Local Tomatoes I, Tanah Datar Local Tomato, Tomato Meranti I and Tomato Meranti II. Of the 20 primers used only 8 primers showed visible DNA bands, they were E1, E7, E10, H2, H5, H13, H16 and H19. However there no polymorphics bands observed for bacterial wilt tolerance.

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Interaction between silicon amendment, bacterial wilt development and phenotype of Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato genotypes

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology ◽

10.1016/j.pmpp.2004.09.006 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 233-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Elie Ayitondji Dannon ◽

Kerstin Wydra

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽

Tomato Genotypes

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Ecobiology of Bacterial Wilt of Physic Nut in Indonesia ; Ekobiologi Layu Bakteri pada Jarak Pagar di Indonesia

Buletin Tanaman Tembakau Serat & Minyak Industri ◽

10.21082/bultas.v7n2.2015.114-122 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Titiek Yulianti

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Control Measure ◽

Infected Plant ◽

Severe Infection ◽

Control Measures ◽

Diseased Plant ◽

Physic Nut ◽

Central Java

Budi daya jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas) dengan sistem monokultur pada hamparan yang luas telah menim -bulkan ledakan suatu penyakit. Layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum merupakan salah satu penyakit utama jarak pagar dan ditemukan di beberapa daerah pengembangan. Gejala yang terlihat pada tanaman yang terinfeksi adalah layu dan daun menguning sebelum waktunya atau daun layu tanpa adanya perubahan warna dan masih melekat di batang. Jaringan pembuluh berubah warna kecokelatan. Akar utama dan sekunder busuk berwarna cokelat kehitaman. Pada tanaman yang terinfeksi cukup berat, daun-daunya akan gugur, bagian batang menjadi cokelat, dan akhirnya tanaman mati. Berdasar reaksi oksi-dasi sumber gula, biovar R. solanacearum yang diisolasi dari tanaman jarak pagar dari Malang, Jawa Timur mirip dengan biovar 5, sedangkan yang dari Pati, Jawa Tengah, berbeda dengan biovar standar yang ada. Bakteri ini menginfeksi tomat, cabai merah, dan terong, tetapi tidak menginfeksi tembakau ataupun jagung. Observasi lapangan untuk mengetahui perkembangan layu bakteri pada tanaman jarak pagar dan penyebar-annya menunjukkan bahwa fluktuasi kejadian penyakit berkorelasi positif dengan curah hujan. Streptomycin sulfat atau kombinasi beberapa jenis antagonis merupakan cara pengendalian yang baik. Selain itu, mengoleskan CaCO3 pada luka akibat pemangkasan dapat mencegah penyakit berkembang lebih lanjut. Arah pene-litian ke depan untuk pengendalian penyakit ini adalah pengendalian terpadu yang menitik-beratkan kepada pertanian dan lingkungan yang keberlanjutan, misalnya penambahan antagonis, mikroorganisme berguna, bahan organik, serta pemupukan seimbang. Growing physic nut (Jatropha curcas) under monoculture system in large areas has generated disease out-break. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the major diseases found in several regions. The symptom of the infected plant is wilting and premature leaf yellowing or leaves wilting without changing colour and still attaching to the stem. The vascular tissues show a brown discoloration. The primary and secondary roots may become brown to black. Severe infection causes leaves of diseased plant to fall, the stem to become brown and eventually death. Based on oxidation reaction of sugar source the biovar of R. solanacearum isolated from physic nut in Malang (East Java) was simil ar to biovar 5, but isolate from Pati, Central Java was different from the standard biovar. The pathogen infected tomato, red chili, and egg plant but not tobacco or maize. A field observation to determine the development of bacterial wilt in physic nut and its spread pattern demonstrated that disease fluctuation incidence was positively correlated to rainfall. Streptomycin sulphate or combination of antagonists gave a good disease control. Furthermore, smearing CaCO3 on wound caused by prunning could prevent disease development. The best control measure is inte-gration of several control measures which encourage sustainable agriculture and environment, including the addition of antagonists, effective microorganism, organic matter, and balanced fertilizer.

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Evaluation of tomato genotypes for tolerance to major diseases in Uganda

African Crop Science Journal ◽

10.4314/acsj.v29i2.5 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 241-258

Author(s):

I. Ramathani ◽

G. Ddamulira ◽

A. Kangire ◽

P. Wasswa ◽

A. Tusiime

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Early Blight ◽

Bacterial Speck ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Genetic Base ◽

National Performance ◽

Tomato Diseases ◽

Tomato Bacterial Wilt ◽

Tomato Genotypes

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a priority vegetable in Uganda, but due to its limited genetic base, its cultivated types are prone to a variety of diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate new tomato genotypes for resistance to major tomato diseases under hotspot conditions in Uganda. Fourty-five tomato genotypes were evaluated for reactions to tomato bacterial wilt, tomato bacterial speck, early blight and late blight. The study was conducted for two rainy seasons in 2019, at the National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge in Uganda. Data for severity and incidence were collected at two-week intervals after transplanting. Twelve genotypes (Nouvella F1, Rambo F1, Commando F1, AVTO1315, AVTO922, AVTO1701, AVTO1219, AVTO1464, MT56, ADV1287A, Pruna and Vega) exhibited high levels of tolerance to bacterial wilt; while bacterial speck presented mild symptoms majorly seen on Vega, Zodiac and AVTO9802. Rhino, AVTO1418, AVTO1314, Eureka, Roma VFN, MT56, Pinktop, Assila F1, Money-maker, AVTO0922 and AVTO1464 were the least affected by early blight; while AVTO1219, AVTO1701, ADV12021, ADV12076 and ADV1287A expressed low AUDPC values for late blight. Overall, AVTO1315 was the best yielder (30.8 metric tonnes ha-1), followed by AVTO0301 (29.0 t ha-1) and Nouvella F1 (26.1 t ha-1). Among the tomato genotypes evaluated, we recommend AVTO1701, AVTO0922, AVTO1464, AVTO0301 AVTO1315, AVTO1219, Pruna, Vega, ADV1287A and MT56 for the national performance trials.

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Screening Tomato Genotypes for Bacterial Wilt Disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) Resistance in Ghana

European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences ◽

10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.5.277 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Isaac Newton B-Mensah ◽

Kingsley Osei ◽

Ruth N. A. Prempeh

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Wilt Disease ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Causal Organism ◽

Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽

The Usa ◽

The University ◽

Tomato Genotypes

Thirteen-tomato genotypes were assembled from the USA, Taiwan and Ghana for screening for bacterial wilt resistance in two environments: in a screen house at Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana and in the field at a bacterial wilt hot spot at Bechem in the Brong-Ahafo region of Ghana. The bacterium, Ralstonia solanacearum was isolated using the serial dilution method on Nutrient Agar (NA) and aseptically cultured for inoculation. The bacterium was implicated as the causal organism of the bacterial wilt disease of tomato. A local check, Petofake and H7996 were used as susceptible and resistant checks respectively. Three genotypes, H7996, LA0442 and LA0443 demonstrated significant resistance stability in both experimental environments by recording significantly low wilt incidence and severity. H7996 was obtained from the World Vegetable Centre (WVC), Taiwan while the other two genotypes were collected from the University of California, Davis, USA. Apart from the highest yielding genotype LA 0442 that recorded 50.67 t/h, the rest recorded very low yields. The lowest yielding genotype AVTO 1713, recorded (12.67 t/h). Thus, the highest yielding genotype, LA 0442 over-yielded the lowest AVTO1713 by approximately 300%. It is instructive to note that LA0442, which was identified as a stable resistant genotype also recorded the highest yield. This result supports the potential of developing a resistant, high yielding variety using LA0442 as a parent. The future of the tomato industry in Ghana therefore looks promising.

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Screening of tomato genotypes against bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) and validation of resistance linked DNA markers

Australasian Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s13313-018-0567-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 365-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sujeet Kumar ◽

P. H. Ramanjini Gowda ◽

Banashree Saikia ◽

Johni Debbarma ◽

Natarajan Velmurugan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Dna Markers ◽

Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽

Tomato Genotypes

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Ralstonia solanacearum Needs Motility for Invasive Virulence on Tomato

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.183.12.3597-3605.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 183 (12) ◽

pp. 3597-3605 ◽

Cited By ~ 201

Author(s):

Julie Tans-Kersten ◽

Huayu Huang ◽

Caitilyn Allen

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽

Soft Agar ◽

Cell Protein ◽

In Planta ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽

Virulence Assay ◽

Flagellar Filament

ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum, a widely distributed and economically important plant pathogen, invades the roots of diverse plant hosts from the soil and aggressively colonizes the xylem vessels, causing a lethal wilting known as bacterial wilt disease. By examining bacteria from the xylem vessels of infected plants, we found thatR. solanacearum is essentially nonmotile in planta, although it can be highly motile in culture. To determine the role of pathogen motility in this disease, we cloned, characterized, and mutated two genes in the R. solanacearum flagellar biosynthetic pathway. The genes for flagellin, the subunit of the flagellar filament (fliC), and for the flagellar motor switch protein (fliM) were isolated based on their resemblance to these proteins in other bacteria. As is typical for flagellins, the predicted FliC protein had well-conserved N- and C-terminal regions, separated by a divergent central domain. The predicted R. solanacearum FliM closely resembled motor switch proteins from other proteobacteria. Chromosomal mutants lackingfliC or fliM were created by replacing the genes with marked interrupted constructs. Since fliM is embedded in the fliLMNOPQR operon, the aphAcassette was used to make a nonpolar fliM mutation. Both mutants were completely nonmotile on soft agar plates, in minimal broth, and in tomato plants. The fliC mutant lacked flagella altogether; moreover, sheared-cell protein preparations from the fliC mutant lacked a 30-kDa band corresponding to flagellin. The fliM mutant was usually aflagellate, but about 10% of cells had abnormal truncated flagella. In a biologically representative soil-soak inoculation virulence assay, both nonmotile mutants were significantly reduced in the ability to cause disease on tomato plants. However, the fliC mutant had wild-type virulence when it was inoculated directly onto cut tomato petioles, an inoculation method that did not require bacteria to enter the intact host from the soil. These results suggest that swimming motility makes its most important contribution to bacterial wilt virulence in the early stages of host plant invasion and colonization.

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