scholarly journals Ecobiology of Bacterial Wilt of Physic Nut in Indonesia ; Ekobiologi Layu Bakteri pada Jarak Pagar di Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Titiek Yulianti
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diseased Plant ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Central Java

<p>Budi daya jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas) dengan sistem monokultur pada hamparan yang luas telah menim -bulkan ledakan suatu penyakit. Layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum merupakan salah satu penyakit utama jarak pagar dan ditemukan di beberapa daerah pengembangan. Gejala yang terlihat pada tanaman yang terinfeksi adalah layu dan daun menguning sebelum waktunya atau daun layu tanpa adanya perubahan warna dan masih melekat di batang. Jaringan pembuluh berubah warna kecokelatan. Akar utama dan sekunder busuk berwarna cokelat kehitaman. Pada tanaman yang terinfeksi cukup berat, daun-daunya akan gugur, bagian batang menjadi cokelat, dan akhirnya tanaman mati. Berdasar reaksi oksi-dasi sumber gula, biovar R. solanacearum yang diisolasi dari tanaman jarak pagar dari Malang, Jawa Timur mirip dengan biovar 5, sedangkan yang dari Pati, Jawa Tengah, berbeda dengan biovar standar yang ada. <br />Bakteri ini menginfeksi tomat, cabai merah, dan terong, tetapi tidak menginfeksi tembakau ataupun jagung. Observasi lapangan untuk mengetahui perkembangan layu bakteri pada tanaman jarak pagar dan penyebar-annya menunjukkan bahwa fluktuasi kejadian penyakit berkorelasi positif dengan curah hujan. Streptomycin sulfat atau kombinasi beberapa jenis antagonis merupakan cara pengendalian yang baik. Selain itu, mengoleskan CaCO3 pada luka akibat pemangkasan dapat mencegah penyakit berkembang lebih lanjut. Arah pene-litian ke depan untuk pengendalian penyakit ini adalah pengendalian terpadu yang menitik-beratkan kepada pertanian dan lingkungan yang keberlanjutan, misalnya penambahan antagonis, mikroorganisme berguna, bahan organik, serta pemupukan seimbang.</p><p> </p><p>Growing physic nut (Jatropha curcas) under monoculture system in large areas has generated disease out-break. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the major diseases found in several regions. The symptom of the infected plant is wilting and premature leaf yellowing or leaves wilting without changing colour and still attaching to the stem. The vascular tissues show a brown discoloration. The primary and secondary roots may become brown to black. Severe infection causes leaves of diseased plant to fall, the <br />stem to become brown and eventually death. Based on oxidation reaction of sugar source the biovar of R. solanacearum isolated from physic nut in Malang (East Java) was simil ar to biovar 5, but isolate from Pati, Central Java was different from the standard biovar. The pathogen infected tomato, red chili, and egg plant but not tobacco or maize. A field observation to determine the development of bacterial wilt in physic nut and its spread pattern demonstrated that disease fluctuation incidence was positively correlated to rainfall. <br />Streptomycin sulphate or combination of antagonists gave a good disease control. Furthermore, smearing CaCO3 on wound caused by prunning could prevent disease development. The best control measure is inte-gration of several control measures which encourage sustainable agriculture and environment, including the addition of antagonists, effective microorganism, organic matter, and balanced fertilizer.</p><p><br /><br /></p>

Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Osdaghi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Weed Host ◽  
Race 1

Abstract Ralstonia solanacearum is included in the A2 (high risk) list of quarantine organisms by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). EPPO Code for R. solanacearum is RALSSO, while the phytosanitary categorization of the species in EPPO A2 list is no.58, EU: I/A2 (EPPO, 2018). Bacterial wilt disease was first reported in southern USA in the late nineteenth century on tomato plants (Smith, 1896). Infected plant materials (e.g. potato tubers) transmit the pathogen over long distances; hence, quarantine inspections and plant sanitary practices are the cornerstone of disease management (EPPO, 2018). R. solanacearum strains in the race 3 group are a select agent under the US Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002 (USDA, 2005). Peculiarly, the organism, if not yet already present in North America in pelargonium (Strider et al., 1981), was introduced with cuttings of this host by American companies producing these cuttings for their markets in countries like Kenya and Guatemala (Norman et al., 1999, 2009; Kim et al., 2002; Williamson et al., 2002; O'Hern, 2004). A similar situation led to introductions of the pathogen from Kenya into some northern European nurseries. Once the source (contaminated surface water) was recognized and proper control measures (use of deep soil water, disinfection of cutting producing premises and replacement of mother stock), the problem was solved and the disease in greenhouses eradicated (Janse et al., 2004). Similarly race 1 has been introduced into greenhouses with ornamental plants (rhizomes, cuttings or fully grown plants) such as Epipremnum, Anthurium, Curcuma spp. and Begonia eliator from tropical areas (Norman and Yuen, 1998, 1999; Janse et al., 2006; Janse, 2012). Introduction can and did occur from Costa Rica and the Caribbean, Indonesia, Thailand and South Africa. However, this idea of placing pathogens on bioterrorist list for unclear and perhaps industry-driven reasons and its effects, is strongly opposed in a recent publication from leading phytobacteriologists. This is because R. solanacearum is an endemic pathogen, causing endemic disease in most parts of its geographic occurrence, moreover normal quarantine regulations are already in place where the disease is not present or only sporadically and are thought to be more efficient and less damaging to trade and research than placing this pathogen on select agent lists and treating it as such (Young et al., 2008). Peculiarly, it has been used in the control of a real invasive species, the weed kahili ginger (Hedychium gardenarium) in tropical forests in Hawaii. This is not without risks because strains occurring on this weed host were thought to be non-virulent, but later appeared to be virulent on many edible and ornamental ginger species as well (Anderson and Gardner, 1999; Paret et al., 2008). Another threat for these countries could be strains belonging to race 1, biovar 1 (phylotype I) that have already been reported from field-grown potatoes in Portugal (Cruz et al., 2008).

scholarly journals Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Osdaghi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Weed Host ◽  
Race 1

Abstract Ralstonia solanacearum is included in the A2 (high risk) list of quarantine organisms by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). EPPO Code for R. solanacearum is RALSSO, while the phytosanitary categorization of the species in EPPO A2 list is no.58, EU: I/A2 (EPPO, 2018). Bacterial wilt disease was first reported in southern USA in the late nineteenth century on tomato plants (Smith, 1896). Infected plant materials (e.g. potato tubers) transmit the pathogen over long distances; hence, quarantine inspections and plant sanitary practices are the cornerstone of disease management (EPPO, 2018). R. solanacearum strains in the race 3 group are a select agent under the US Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002 (USDA, 2005). Peculiarly, the organism, if not yet already present in North America in pelargonium (Strider et al., 1981), was introduced with cuttings of this host by American companies producing these cuttings for their markets in countries like Kenya and Guatemala (Norman et al., 1999, 2009; Kim et al., 2002; Williamson et al., 2002; O'Hern, 2004). A similar situation led to introductions of the pathogen from Kenya into some northern European nurseries. Once the source (contaminated surface water) was recognized and proper control measures (use of deep soil water, disinfection of cutting producing premises and replacement of mother stock), the problem was solved and the disease in greenhouses eradicated (Janse et al., 2004). Similarly race 1 has been introduced into greenhouses with ornamental plants (rhizomes, cuttings or fully grown plants) such as Epipremnum, Anthurium, Curcuma spp. and Begonia eliator from tropical areas (Norman and Yuen, 1998, 1999; Janse et al., 2006; Janse, 2012). Introduction can and did occur from Costa Rica and the Caribbean, Indonesia, Thailand and South Africa. However, this idea of placing pathogens on bioterrorist list for unclear and perhaps industry-driven reasons and its effects, is strongly opposed in a recent publication from leading phytobacteriologists. This is because R. solanacearum is an endemic pathogen, causing endemic disease in most parts of its geographic occurrence, moreover normal quarantine regulations are already in place where the disease is not present or only sporadically and are thought to be more efficient and less damaging to trade and research than placing this pathogen on select agent lists and treating it as such (Young et al., 2008). Peculiarly, it has been used in the control of a real invasive species, the weed kahili ginger (Hedychium gardenarium) in tropical forests in Hawaii. This is not without risks because strains occurring on this weed host were thought to be non-virulent, but later appeared to be virulent on many edible and ornamental ginger species as well (Anderson and Gardner, 1999; Paret et al., 2008). Another threat for these countries could be strains belonging to race 1, biovar 1 (phylotype I) that have already been reported from field-grown potatoes in Portugal (Cruz et al., 2008).

scholarly journals Utilization of Filamentous Phage ϕRSM3 to Control Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1204-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardian S. Addy ◽  
Ahmed Askora ◽  
Takeru Kawasaki ◽  
Makoto Fujie ◽  
Takashi Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Filamentous Phage ◽  
Pr Genes ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Infected Cells

The wide host range of Ralstonia solanacearum, causal agent of bacterial wilt, and its ability to survive for long periods in the environment restrict the effectiveness of cultural and chemical control measures. The use of phages for disease control is a fast-expanding trend of plant protection with great potential to replace chemical measures. The filamentous phage ϕRSM3 that infects R. solanacearum strains and inactivates virulence on plants is a potential agent for controlling bacterial wilt in tomato. We demonstrated that inoculation of ϕRSM3-infected cells into tomato plants did not cause bacterial wilt. Instead, ϕRSM3-infected cells enhanced the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, including PR-1a, PR-2b, and PR7, in tomato plants. Moreover, pretreatment with ϕRSM-infected cells protect tomato plants from infection by virulent R. solanacearum strains. The effective dose of ϕRSM3-infected cells for disease prevention was determined to be approximately 105 CFU/ml. Because the ϕRSM3-infected cells can grow and continue to produce infectious phage particles under appropriate conditions, ϕRSM phages may serve as an efficient tool to control bacterial wilt in crops.

scholarly journals Combined use of a microbial restoration substrate and avirulent Ralstonia solanacearum for the control of tomato bacterial wilt

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuefang Zheng ◽  
Yujing Zhu ◽  
Jieping Wang ◽  
Ziran Wang ◽  
Bo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Tomato Bacterial Wilt

AbstractTomato bacterial wilt (BW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum seriously restricts tomato production and no effective control measures are available. A microbial restoration substrate (MRS) had been proved to be effective control of tomato BW in a greenhouse cultivation. In this study, MRS was combined with an avirulent Ralstonia solanacearum (aRS) strain to control the disease under an open field condition. In the two consecutive year (2017 and 2018) trials, the combined use of aRS and MRS resulted in better disease control compared with either aRS or MRS alone. Moreover, the combined treatment was more effective than expected and suggesting a synergistic control effect. Compared with control (CK, non-aRS or MRS), the application of aRS and MRS treatments alone or in combination could all promote plant growth, increase root activity and yield (e.g. the yield for the treatment of aRS + MRS increased by 463.64% in 2017). Soil nutrients, including soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents were also significantly increased by the application of aRS and MRS treatments alone or in combination (P < 0.05). The application of MRS or in combination with aRS changed the soil from acidic to neutral, which is one of the key factors for controlling BW. The soil enzymatic activities were notably influenced by the combined use of aRS and MRS, which increased urease (87.37% in 2017 and 60.89% in 2018), catalase (93.67% in 2017 and 279.37% in 2018) and alkaline phosphatase activities (193.77% in 2017 and 455.73% in 2018). These results suggest that the combination of MRS and aRS could effectively control tomato BW and thus represents a promising new tool to control this disease.

scholarly journals KERAGAAN MORFOLOGI DAN HASIL 60 INDIVIDU JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) TERPILIH DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN PAKUWON SUKABUMI

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
R.R. SRI HARTATI ◽  
A. SETIAWAN ◽  
B. HELIYANTO ◽  
D. PRANOWO ◽  
SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Plant Breeding Program

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Di Indonesia, jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) merupakan tanamanpenting untuk menghasilkan biofuel. Dari biji tanaman ini dapatdiekstraksi bahan bakar biokerosen dan biodiesel. Tetapi potensi hasiltanaman ini perlu ditingkatkan agar pemanfaatannya dapat mempunyainilai komersial. Peningkatan potensi hasil tanaman jarak pagar dapatdilakukan dengan program pemuliaan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian yangdilakukan adalah mengevaluasi karakter vegetatif dan generatif sertapotensi hasil dari individu J. curcas hasil seleksi di Kebun Induk JarakPagar Pakuwon, Sukabumi. Penelitian ini juga mempelajari korelasi antarakarakter vegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasil dari tanaman yangdievaluasi. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya digunakan untuk meng-identifikasi individu tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai tetuapotensial untuk program pengembangan kultivar J. curcas yang berdayahasil tinggi. Tanaman yang dievaluasi berasal dari 20 genotipe terpilihyang berasal dari Lampung, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Nusa TenggaraBarat dan Sulawesi. Genotipe-genotipe tersebut diseleksi berdasarkan hasiluji provenan yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Dari setiap genotipeterpilih diambil tiga butir benih. Benih-benih tersebut kemudiandikecambahkan di tempat pembibitan yang terkontrol dan setelah berumur2 bulan bibit ditanam di lapangan pada tanggal 22 Mei 2007. Karaktervegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasil dari individu-individu yangdievaluasi dimonitor selama satu tahun (1 Agustus 2007 – 31 Juli 2008).Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan tanaman-tanaman yang diuji(merupakan keturunan dari 20 genotipe J. curcas hasil seleksi), bervariasipada karakter tinggi tanaman, lingkar batang, dan percabangan. Tanaman-tanaman tersebut juga menunjukkan variasi pada umur berbunga, jumlahinfloresen, jumlah tandan buah, jumlah buah, dan jumlah biji serta kadarminyak biji. Tinggi tanaman, jumlah infloresen, dan jumlah tandan buahberkorelasi positif dengan hasil buah dan biji per tanaman. Sementara ituumur berbunga berkorelasi negatif dengan semua karakter generatif.Berdasarkan karakter vegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasilnya,teridentifikasi tiga individu yang berpotensi sebagai tetua untukpengembangan kultivar J. curcas yang berdaya hasil tinggi. Individu-individu tersebut adalah HS 49-2, PT 13-2, dan PT 15-1. Ketiga individutersebut menghasilkan lebih dari 350 buah per tanaman dan kadarminyaknya berkisar antara 36 – 38%.</p><p>Kata kunci : Jatropha curcas L., evaluasi lapangan, seleksi fenotip,analisis korelasi, karakter vegetatif, karakter generatif, dayahasil, kandungan minyak biji</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Morphologies and Yield Performances of 60 SelectedGenotypes of Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) at PakuwonExperimental Station, Sukabumi</p><p>Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L) is an important biofuelproducing crops in Indonesia. Biokerosene and biodiesel fuel could beextracted from seeds of this crop. Yield potential of this crop needs to beincreased in order to meet its commercial usage. Such yield potentialimprovement could be achieved through plant breeding program. Theobjectives of this research were to evaluate vegetative and generativecharacters and yield potentials of selected individual of J. curcas at KebunInduk Jarak Pagar Pakuwon, Sukabumi. This research was also intended toanalyze correlation among vegetative and generative characters and yieldpotentials of the evaluated genotypes. Subsequently, the collected datawere used to identify individual crop that can be used as potential parentgenotypes for developing new high yielding J. curcas cultivar. Theevaluated genotypes were derived from 20 selected parent plantsoriginated from Lampung, Central Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara,and Sulawesi. The genotypes were selected based on provenance trials inthe previous experiment. Three seeds were collected from each parentplant and were germinated in the controlled seed nursery conditions. Theseedlings were planted in the field on May 22, 2007 when they were 2months old. Vegetative and generative characters and yield potentials ofthe evaluated individuals were monitored for one year (August 1, 2007 toJuly 31, 2008). Results of the experiments indicated the tested genotypesderived from 20 selected J. curcas parent plants exhibited variabilities intheir height, stem girth, and branches characters. They also exhibited highvariabilities in their time of flowering, number of inflorescence, number ofbunches, number of fruits and nut per plant, and their oil contents. Plantheight, number of inflorescence, and number of bunches were positivelycorrelated with yield of fruits and nuts per plants. Meanwhile, time offlowering was negatively correlated with all generative characters. Basedon their vegetative and generative characters and their yield potentials,three genotypes were identified as the new potential parents for developinghigh yielding J. curcas cultivar. They were HS 49-2, PT 13-2, and PT 15-1. These newly selected genotypes yielded more than 350 fruits per plantwith 36 – 38 % seed oil content in their first year.</p><p>Key words : Jatropha curcas L., field evaluation, phenotypic selection,correlation  analysis,  vegetative characters,  generativecharacters, seed yield, oil content</p>

scholarly journals Keragaman Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Beberapa Aksesi Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) di Daerah Pesisir Pantai

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Ali Ahkamulloh ◽  
Endang Murniati ◽  
Memen Surahman
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
West Java ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Central Java ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

<p style="text-align: justify;">The aim of this research was to know the growth various accesions of physic nut in coastal area. This research was conducted from March until October 2011 at Wonokerto Kulon coastal area, Pekalongan. The evaluated accesion were derived from 14 selected parent plants originated from Central Java, South Sulawesi, West Java and West Nusa Tenggara. The accesions were selected based on provenance trials in the previous research. The seeds were germinated in the seed nursery. The seedlings were planted in to the field (8 WAP). This research was arranged in randomized complete block design. The result of this research showed that Bogor 80-11-5 and IP-2P 110-1-4 are the best accesion. Bontomaramu 1-1, Medan and Pinrang. Sukabumi, Bengkulu 3, Gunung Tambora, Lombok 59-1-2, Aceh Besar, Bima, Bone, Dompu and Luwu Utara are not good to be planted in coastal area.</p><p>Keywords: accesion, physic nut, coastal area</p>

scholarly journals Seduhan daun dan buah jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) untuk mengendalikan nematoda perongga akar Radopholus similis secara in vitro

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ibrahim Alrashid Yousif ◽  
Ankardiansyah Pandu Pradana ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus Oktafiyanto ◽  
Diana Putri ◽  
Abdul Munif
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Radopholus Similis ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Plantation Crops ◽  
Mesh Sieve

Radopholus similis is a nematode that infects many plantation crops. Infected plant roots by nematodes will show necrosis symptoms, then rot due to infection of secondary pathogens. Control of R. similis that is effective, environmentally friendly, and easy to be performed by the farmers is the key to success in reducing losses by this nematode. Extract of physic nut has been recognized to be effective in controlling some important pests, but there is currently no reports of its effectiveness in controlling R. similis. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of leaves and fruit steeping of physic nut for in vitro control of R. similis. A total of 1:10 (w/v) leaves and fruit of physic nut were steepped, then filtered by a 500 mesh sieve. Steeping was then dripped into a suspension containing 40 R. similis. Twenty-four hours after treatment, the number of dead nematodes was observed. The leaves steeping of physic nut could kill up to 70% of R. similis. Mortality of R. similis treated with steeping of physic nut seeds reached 76.25%. Both steeping applications did not cause damage to the body of nematodes, thus it is presumably that the mortality was due to toxic compounds.

scholarly journals Penapisan Tiga Puluh Tujuh Genotipe Tomat dan Seleksi Primer RAPD untuk Toleransi terhadap Layu Bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum)

Akta Agrosia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
Eriana Adeputri ◽  
Rustikawati Rustikawati ◽  
Catur Herison
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Prospective Control ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Donor Parent ◽  
Tomato Diseases ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) is the most important tomato diseases which can reduce tomato yield up to 100%. One most prospective control measure is the development of high yielding varieties tolerance to bacterial wilt. Donor parent carrying bacterial wilt controlling gene(s) is required to develop such varieties. The objectives of this study were to screen thirty-seven tomato genotypes for tolerance to R. solanacearum and to obtain RAPD markers of resistance to bacterial wilt. The experiment was arranged without the experimental design. Each tomato genotypes consisting of 5 control uninoculated plants and 10 plants were inoculated with R. solanacearum with a concentration of 106 cfu / ml inoculum of 10 mL per plant. Scoring was done on the severity of disease symptom; and the plants were grouped according to scoring class. Molecular analysis was done by using Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA). The results showed there were six genotypes considerd very tolerant i.e. genotype Pearl, Opal, Cung, Syu and Kudamati I; tolerant genotypes consisting of five genotypes; medium tolerant groups consisting of eight genotypes; medium sensitives groups consisting of 14 genotypes; and sensitive class consisting of four genotypes, namely Aceh Local Tomatoes I, Tanah Datar Local Tomato, Tomato Meranti I and Tomato Meranti II. Of the 20 primers used only 8 primers showed visible DNA bands, they were E1, E7, E10, H2, H5, H13, H16 and H19. However there no polymorphics bands observed for bacterial wilt tolerance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescence and Bacillus subtilis for biological control of Ralstonia wilt of tomato

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Yendyo ◽  
Ramesh G.C. ◽  
Binayak Raj Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Digital Microscopy ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

Background:Ralstonia solanacearumis the major bacterial disease in tomato, which invades the roots of diverse plant hosts and colonizes xylem vessels causing wilt, especially in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate regions.R. solanacearumproduces several toxins helping it to invade the plant’s natural defense mechanism. Native isolates ofTrichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescenceandBacillus subtiliscan be used as biocontrol agents to control the bacterial wilt and combined application of these beneficial microbes can give better results.Methods:Bacterial wilt infection in the field was identified by field experts and the infected plant part was used to isolateRalstonia solanacearumin CPG media and was positively identified. Subsequently, the efficacy of the biocontrol agents was tested and documented using agar well diffusion technique and digital microscopy. 2ml of the microbial concentrate (109cfu/ml) was mixed in one liter of water and was applied in the plant root at the rate of 100 ml per plant as a treatment method.Results:It was observed that the isolatedTrichodermaspp. AA2 andPseudomonas fluorescencePFS were most potent in inhibiting the growth ofR. solanacearum,showing ZOI 20.67 mm and 22.33 mm, respectively. Digital microscopy showed distinct inhibitory effect on the growth and survival ofR. solanacearum.The results from the field data indicated thatTrichodermaspp. andPseudomonas fluorescencealone were able to prevent 92% and 96% of the infection and combination of both were more effective, preventing 97% of infection. Chemical control methods prevented 94% of infection.Conclusions:Results showed the bio-efficacy of the native isolates. The various level of antagonistic effect againstR. solanacearumshown by all 13 isolates, including the results shown by native isolates in the field, manifested the promising potential of the biocontrol agents, likeTrichodermaandPseudomonasagainst controlling the bacterial wilt infection.

Bacterial community diversity associated with the severity of bacterial wilt disease in tomato fields in southeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 538-549
Author(s):  
Xuefang Zheng ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Yujing Zhu ◽  
Jieping Wang ◽  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Diseased Plant ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease

Tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating plant disease. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship among soil nutrients, rhizobacterial community, and abundance of R. solanacearum, and to gather useful information for controlling the disease. Fifteen tomato rhizosphere soils were collected from three regions, encompassing five disease grades. Then, soil physicochemical properties and rhizobacterial communities were investigated. The content of soil organic carbon (SOC), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and exchangeable calcium was significantly higher in the healthy plant rhizosphere soils than in diseased plant rhizosphere soils (P < 0.05). The healthy soils had a relatively higher abundance of Proteobacteria and a lower abundance of Acidobacteria than the diseased soils from the same region. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that R. solanacearum abundance was positively correlated with total nitrogen content and negatively correlated with soil pH, SOC, TP, TK, and exchangeable calcium. Ralstonia solanacearum abundance correlated positively with Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes abundance but negatively with Nitrospirae, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria abundance. These results suggested that improving soil pH, applying the amount of P and K fertilizers, and controlling the dosage of N fertilizer might be an effective approach in controlling bacterial wilt disease.

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