Clinical Legal Education in Belarus: Practice-Oriented Pedagogy for Socially Engaged Law Students

The paper analyzes the evolution and changes involving clinical legal education (CLE) in Belarus. The author tends to create a historical overview of the 22 years’ experience of clinical legal education in Belarus. It will be possible to answer some questions mostly based on the inside view and 12 years of clinical experience with goals to bring some inspiration in a global context and to leave a mark on history. It focused on the new role embraced by legal clinics in Belarus and contribution to the creation of a new formation of legal practitioners. Additionally, the author shares the technological insights about clinical legal education. Thinking about the future it is important to make an overview of achievements and opportunities of going forwards. There is a great number of opportunities to implement clinical methodology to both academic studies and professional training. The research problem addressed in this paper is to substantiate the most effective forms and methods of teaching law disciplines both in Russian and in English in a law school in the context of introduction of digital forms of learning into traditional educational environment of a law school. The author carries out an analytical review of law clinics in historical perspective and how the work of law clinics is implemented in both academic curricula and professional training in Belarus.

History of EISCAT – Part 5: Operation and development of the system during the first two decades

This paper gives an inside view of the first 20 years of operation of the Kiruna-Sodankylä-Tromsø (KST) part of EISCAT as experienced and remembered by myself. The paper is subdivided into an Introduction and 13 sections. Sections 1 to 6 describe the organization, staffing and responsibilites of the Sites, with particular emphasis on the transmitter-related work at Tromsø and the commuting of staff and equipment between the Sites. The Headquarters operation is treated in Section 7. The UHF radar system is treated in Section 8. Section 9 is a review of the VHF system, including a summary of transmitter and antenna problems not available elsewhere in easily accessed media. Section 10 treats the computer system and the proprietary control languages EROS, TARLAN and CORLAN. Section 11 describes the signal processing hardware, with special emphasis on the Alker correlator, its idiosyncrasies and the gradual unlocking of its capabilities through UNIPROG, the GEN-system and the G2-system, culminating in the ability to run alternating codes experiments routinely. Section 12 presents the time- and frequency keeping, a non-trivial task in the early 1980s. Finally, Section 13 discusses the UHF spectrum problem and relates how the UHF system had to be constantly upgraded in order to be able to co-exist with the emerging cellphone networks until the final closure of UHF reception at Kiruna and Sodankylä in 2012. The paper ends with some personal reflections.

Finding feasible action towards urban transformations

While innovative approaches to urban transformations are increasingly proposed, scholars often overlook challenges faced by endogenous actors (e.g. urban planners) tasked with taking action within non-ideal, real-world settings. Here we argue that an ‘inside’ view of transformations (focused on judgment in practice) is needed to complement existing ‘outside’ views (focused on assessment), where the feasibility of action becomes a central concern. This recasts urban transformations in a discretised perspective. It suggests a view of transformation pathways as both directed and stochastic, and emergent from an unfolding series of ‘fuzzy action moments’. Principles for bridging urban science and planning are derived.

An Outsider’s Eye: The Art of Designing for Theatre

Part memoir, part theatre history, in this illustrated essay Joe Vaněk invites us to an inside-view on the design process. Choosing key performances of European plays (Brecht, Ibsen) adapted by Irish writers, Vaněk takes us through the thought processes and work practices that bring a play from page to stage, with descriptions and photographs to illustrate his design choices and thinking. Additionally, he offers us insights into working with Irish playwrights who examine Ireland’s relationship to Europe, for example in his designs for Frank McGuinness’s Innocence: The life of Caravaggio, and the work of Brian Friel and Hugo Hamilton. Vaněk traces his own influences, from the theatre work of the Czech designer Josef Svoboda to painters, architecture, and landscape. His reflections reveal the complexity of the role of the designer and the intricate workings of theatre practice Keywords: Theatre design, costume design, Irish playwrights, Brian Friel, Frank McGuinness, Hugo Hamilton, Gate Theatre