scholarly journals Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi and Coffee Pulp Compost in Improving Soil Water Uptake by Chilli Around the Permanent Wilting Point Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Ingri Dayana ◽  
Bandi Hermawan ◽  
Yudhi Harini Bertham ◽  
Dwi Wahyuni Ganefianti
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Permanent Wilting Point ◽  
Wilting Point

Soil water availability to the plants is a range of water content between the field capacity and the permanent wilting point (PWP) conditions. The PWP is defined as the lower limit of soil water content that the plant can extract water from the soil as indicated by the symptoms of wilting plants. This is because plant roots are unable to penetrate the soil micropores that contain the water.  The study aims to analyze the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and compost in enhancing soil water absorption by the plant when the water content is close to the permanent wilting point. Four doses of AMF (0, 5, 10 and 15 g.plant-1) and three doses of coffee pulp-made compost (0, 5 and 10 ton.ha-1) were arranged according to a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results showed that the application of AMF significantly enabled the plant to improve water uptake when the soil water content was about at the permanent wilting point conditions. The AMF addition of 15 g.plant-1 significantly prolonged the growing period of chili to wither and the plant showed the wilting symptoms at the soil water content of 5 to 7% lower than the no-AMF plants. Improved water uptake under water stress conditions was attributed to increases in the root colonization by AMF.

Estimation of soil water content at permanent wilting point using hygroscopic water content

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Chen ◽  
Hu Zhou ◽  
Jianying Shang ◽  
Kelin Hu ◽  
Tusheng Ren
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Permanent Wilting Point ◽  
Wilting Point ◽  
Hygroscopic Water

scholarly journals SPORE PROPAGATION OF INDIGENOUS ENDOMYCHORIZA FROM SEVERAL ROOTING AREAS OF SNAKE FRUIT ON DIFFERENT SOIL WATER CONTENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Rai ◽  
I Ketut Suada ◽  
M. Praborini ◽  
I Wayan Wiraatmaja
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Cultivation of organic snake fruit in Bali which is done on dry land with the irrigation depends on rainfall and the fertilization generally only uses uncertain amount of fallen leaves, it reduces the productivity, quality, and continuity of fruit production over time. In rhizosphere of snake fruit there are various types of indigenous endomycorrhiza that potentially can be developed as biofertilizer, but as a biofertilizer, the low number of spores population for inoculum becomes a limiting factor in using indigenous endomycorrhiza. The effort that can be done are to propagate the spores by giving water stress treatment. This study aimed to obtain the best rhizosphere location of snake fruit as the source of spores and the level of soil water content to multiply the spores. The research was conducted in the green House, Farm Station, Agriculture Faculty, Udayana University at Jalan Pulau Moyo, Denpasar, from October 2017 to January 2018. The spore propagation used nested experiment with Randomized Block Design patterns. The treatments were rhizosphere location as the source of indigenous endomycorrhizas spore consists of three levels (Bebandem District Karangasem Regency, Payangan District Gianyar Regency, and Pupuan District Tabanan Regency) and soil water content consists of three levels (100%, 70%, and 40% field capacity). The results of the research showed that the source of indigenous endomychorrizae from snake fruit rhizosphere in Payangan District gave the highest number of spores found and the highest percentage of the spore increase after propagation. While in the soil water content treatments, the highest number of spores found and the percentage of the spore increase after propagation were obtained at soil water content of 40% field capacity. The percentage of root infections from different sources of indigenous endomychorrhizae and different levels of soil water content is same i.e 100%.

scholarly journals Effects of the texture and organic matter values in the estimation of the soil water content at a regional scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pérez-Cutillas ◽  
G.G. Barberá ◽  
C. Conesa-García
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Wilting Point

This study compares two methods for the estimation of hydraulic properties of the soil at the regional scale. Soil water content (θ) values was estimated at two fixed soil matric potential values), associated with the field capacity (θfc) and wilting point (θwp). The first method is carried out directly using (θ) values of analytical determinations, by modeling them as a function of environmental variables. The second method employed texture and organic matter (OM) information to obtain (θ) values by pedotransfer functions (PTFs). The comparison of both methods allows evaluating the effect of the textures and OM, of which a significant effect of these variables is produced, suggested that there is a considerable level of consistency between the two methods, despite some differences induced by coarse textures (sand) and OM.

scholarly journals Modelling the Impact on Root Water Uptake and Solute Return Flow of Different Drip Irrigation Regimes with Brackish Water

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fairouz Slama ◽  
Nessrine Zemni ◽  
Fethi Bouksila ◽  
Roberto De Mascellis ◽  
Rachida Bouhlila
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Return Flows ◽  
Semi Arid

Water scarcity and quality degradation represent real threats to economic, social, and environmental development of arid and semi-arid regions. Drip irrigation associated to Deficit Irrigation (DI) has been investigated as a water saving technique. Yet its environmental impacts on soil and groundwater need to be gone into in depth especially when using brackish irrigation water. Soil water content and salinity were monitored in a fully drip irrigated potato plot with brackish water (4.45 dSm−1) in semi-arid Tunisia. The HYDRUS-1D model was used to investigate the effects of different irrigation regimes (deficit irrigation (T1R, 70% ETc), full irrigation (T2R, 100% ETc), and farmer’s schedule (T3R, 237% ETc) on root water uptake, root zone salinity, and solute return flows to groundwater. The simulated values of soil water content (θ) and electrical conductivity of soil solution (ECsw) were in good agreement with the observation values, as indicated by mean RMSE values (≤0.008 m3·m−3, and ≤0.28 dSm−1 for soil water content and ECsw respectively). The results of the different simulation treatments showed that relative yield accounted for 54%, 70%, and 85.5% of the potential maximal value when both water and solute stress were considered for deficit, full. and farmer’s irrigation, respectively. Root zone salinity was the lowest and root water uptake was the same with and without solute stress for the treatment corresponding to the farmer’s irrigation schedule (273% ETc). Solute return flows reaching the groundwater were the highest for T3R after two subsequent rainfall seasons. Beyond the water efficiency of DI with brackish water, long term studies need to focus on its impact on soil and groundwater salinization risks under changing climate conditions.

MITIGATION YIELD SCALED METHANE EMISSION FROM RICE GROWN IN WATER STRESS CONDITIONS WITH BIOCHAR AND SILICATE AMENDMENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ASLAM ALI ◽  
SANJIT CHANDRA BARMAN ◽  
MD. ASHRAFUL ISLAM KHAN ◽  
MD. BADIUZZAMAN KHAN ◽  
HAFSA JAHAN HIYA
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

Climate change and water scarcity may badly affect existing rice production system in Bangladesh. With a view to sustain rice productivity and mitigate yield scaled CH4 emission in the changing climatic conditions, a pot experiment was conducted under different soil water contents, biochar and silicate amendments with inorganic fertilization (NPKS). In this regard, 12 treatments combinations of biochar, silicate and NPKS fertilizer along with continuous standing water (CSW), soil saturation water content and field capacity (100% and 50%) moisture levels were arranged into rice planted potted soils. Gas samples were collected from rice planted pots through Closed Chamber technique and analyzed by Gas Chromatograph. This study revealed that seasonal CH4 emissions were suppressed through integrated biochar and silicate amendments with NPKS fertilizer (50–75% of the recommended doze), while increased rice yield significantly at different soil water contents. Biochar and silicate amendments with NPKS fertilizer (50% of the recommended doze) increased rice grain yield by 10.9%, 18.1%, 13.0% and 14.2%, while decreased seasonal CH4 emissions by 22.8%, 20.9%, 23.3% and 24.3% at continuous standing water level (CSW) (T9), at saturated soil water content (T10), at 100% field capacity soil water content (T11) and at 50% field capacity soil water content (T12), respectively. Soil porosity, soil redox status, SOC and free iron oxide contents were improved with biochar and silicate amendments. Furthermore, rice root oxidation activity (ROA) was found more dominant in water stress condition compared to flooded and saturated soil water contents, which ultimately reduced seasonal CH4 emissions as well as yield scaled CH4 emission. Conclusively, soil amendments with biochar and silicate fertilizer may be a rational practice to reduce the demand for inorganic fertilization and mitigate CH4 emissions during rice cultivation under water stress drought conditions.

scholarly journals SURFACE RESIDUES: EFFECTS ON SOIL MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-894
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO HADDAD SOUZA VIEIRA ◽  
ARILDO SEBASTIÃO SILVA ◽  
ARUN DILIPKUMAR JANI ◽  
LUSINERIO PREZOTTI ◽  
PAOLA ALFONSA VIEIRA LO MONACO
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Sunn Hemp

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine how crop residue placement and composition would affect soil water content and temperature during the dry season in the central region of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. A 19-week field study was conducted from April to August 2017. A 2 x 4 factorial study with four replications was implemented using a randomized complete block design. Factors were soil management [conventional tillage (CT) and no soil disturbance (ND)] and residue amendment [maize (Zea mays L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), a maize-sunn hemp mixture, and a no amendment control]. Soil water content and temperature were measured weekly at predetermined soil depth intervals. Soil water content was higher in ND plots amended with surface residues than under all other treatments in the 0 to 0.05 m depth range. All residue amendments in this range were equally effective in conserving soil water. Surface residues reduced soil temperature by up to 8.4 °C relative to the control in ND plots. Incorporating residue amendments by CT cancelled all temperature-moderating benefits provided by surface residues. These results indicate that surface residues from cereals, legumes, or cereal/legume mixtures are equally effective in conserving soil water and moderating soil temperature during the dry season. Additional research is needed to determine how improved soil environmental conditions, generated by surface residues, would affect nutrient acquisition and crop performance.

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