ANALYSIS OF HYGIENE AND SANITATION IN CHICKEN SLAUGHTERHOUSES IN JAMPANG VILLAGE, BOGOR REGENCY, WEST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

This chicken slaughterhouse in Jampang Village is a home industry that is engaged in chicken slaughter. The problem in this research is the process of slaughtering chickens that do not meet the standards. The purpose of this study was to identify the hygiene and sanitation of chicken slaughterhouses. Data collection was done by filling out questionnaires and observations. The observation sheet is made based on SNI-01-6160-1999 concerning Poultry Slaughterhouses (Badan Standarisasi Nasional, 1999). The observation sheet was used to assess the hygiene and sanitation conditions using the scoring method. This study used descriptive statistics to analyze the abserved data. The scoring method is done by determining the weight for each variable and determining the value for each of the assessed aspects. The results showed that the workers were in good health. Not yet using boots, masks, aprons and headgear. The building is still integrated with the residence. The layout is not in line with the flow of the production process. Sewerage drain is readily available. The cage has never been washed using water and detergent. The conclusion is that the hygiene of the chicken cutters and the sanitation of the buildings still do not meet the requirements. The proposal for improvement is the health of chicken slicers and the use of equipment are things that need to be considered, the building must be separated from the residence, the layout should be improved in the direction of the production process, the building construction is made rodent-free, the chicken coop must be cleaned regularly with water and detergent.

EFFECT OF VARIOUS TYPES OF GROWING MEDIA AND APPLICATION OF LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH OF DENDROBIUM ORCHIDS

This research was a potted experiment carried out in a special orchid house (arnet) at the Padang Galleria Padangsambian Kelod from September to November 2019, the aim was to determine the effect of plant media and the provision of liquid organic fertilizers on the growth of dendrobium orchids. The factorial CRD pattern was the design used in this study, which consists of two factors, first, the use of growing media of wood charcoal (K), fern stems (P), and a mixture of fern stems with wood charcoal (M) and, second, the provision of liquid organic fertilizer, namely, Dewa (D), DI Grow (I), and GDM (G). The results showed that the interaction between the use of planting media and the application of liquid organic fertilizer had no significant effect on all plant growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, and number of tillers. However, the plant medium as a single treatment had a significant effect on the number of orchid tillers, fern stems (P) as the plant medium gave the highest number of tillers, namely: 2.22 stems or 32.93% more than the growing media for wood charcoal (K) and a mixture of charcoal, wood and fern stems (M) with 1.67 tillers each

EFFECTS OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER TYPES AND DOSAGE ON BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL, GROWTH AND PRODUCTS OF ONION (Allium ascalonicum L.) OUTSIDE THE PLANTING SEASON IN BUAHAN VILLAGE, BALI, INDONESIA

Planting shallots in Buahan Village is only carried out once a year, namely in July. The continuous use of synthetic fertilizers at high doses without being balanced with natural fertilizers has degraded the land so that soil fertility has decreased. The negative impact caused is a decrease in the yield of shallots. Quality organic fertilizers can overcome this problem. Organic vermicompost and biosllury fertilizers are quality organic fertilizers that can replace synthetic fertilizers to increase the growth and yield of shallots. The research objective was to determine the growth and yield of shallots by giving the type and dose of organic fertilizers outside the growing season. The research was conducted from March to July 2019 in Buahan Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency. The study used a simple randomized block design with one factor with 6 treatments, namely B0 (Without Organic Fertilizer), B1 (2000 kg / ha vermicompost); B2 (1000 L / ha biosllury) B3 (1000kg / ha vermicompost + 500 L / ha biosllury); B4 (4000 kg / ha vermicompost); B5 (2000 L / ha biosllry); B6 (2000kg / ha vermicompost + 1000 L / ha biosllury); B7 (4000 kg / ha vermicompost + 2000L biosllry) and B8 (5000 kg / ha vermicompost + 3000L / ha biosllury). The parameters observed were plant height, number of tillers, tuber wet weight per clump, harvest dry weight of tubers per clump and number of cloves per clump, soil pH, N-total (%), C-organic and total population of soil microorganisms. The results showed that the type and dose of organic fertilizer had a significant effect on all the meters observed. Treatment of 5000 kg / ha vermicompost + 3000L / ha biosllury gave the highest yield, namely 56.8 g per clump, 60% higher than the control 35.5 g per clump.

DYNAMICS OF SOIL CARBON AND N, P, K NUTRIENTS ON CORN PLANTING PATTERN IN DRY LAND

A study was conducted during two planting seasons, namely planting season 1 (PS-1) 2017/2018 and (PS-2): 2018/2019, in Oelnasi Village, Central Kupang sub-district, Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the rotation pattern of maize with legumes ground covers towards the dynamics of soil carbon and nutrients N, P, K during the two growing seasons in a dryland farming system. The experiment was designed using a randomized block design with 3 (three) treatments replicated five times. The treatments evaluated were: crop rotation patterns consisting of: without rotation (farmer practice) and rotation pattern with Phaseolus lunatus; rotation pattern with Mucuna pruriens. Legume crops planted after harvesting the food crop and allowed to grow during the dry season. Approaching the rainy season, the biomass of the legume crop is returned to the land by immersing them it together with soil cultivation. Chemical fertilizers is given as an independent variables with a dose of 150 kg/ha of Urea; 100 kg/ha of SP36 and 100 kg/ha of KCL. The results showed that the rotation pattern of Mucuna pruriens significantly increased the soil organic C content by 50.56% and legume Phaseolus lunatus by 37.64% to PS-2. The rotation pattern of the legume covers / covered crop also significantly increased the efficiency of agronomic nutrients (N, P, and K nutrients) and maize yields during the two growing seasons. On the other hand, the farmer pattern (without rotation) showed a decrease in soil carbon to PS-2 which of course affect the efficiency of nutrient absorption.

THE EFFECT of GA3 AND SALINITY on GROWTH of ROSELLE (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

In order to alleviate the deleterious effects of salinity, different types of phytohormones have been used. Among them, GA3 has been the main focus of some plant scientists. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid and salinity on growth and production of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L). This research was conducted in a greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan. The study used utterly randomized design with two factors. The first factor was gibberellic acids. They were gibberellic acid (5 mg L-1) and no gibberellic acid. The second factor was salinity. They were 0 dsm-1 and 4-5 dsm-1. The interaction between gibberellic acid and salinity acid indicated a significant effect on the percentage of germination, chlorophyll a and b and beta-carotene. The application of giberellic acid helped in the tolerance of plants to salinity. Thus, application of GA3 become essential to improve overall productivity in salinity.

MORPHOLOGY, PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF GENJAH SUGAR PALM IN KUTAI NATIONAL PARK, EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

Kutai National Park is the conservation forest in East Kalimantan, which can be used for community welfare through non-timber forest products utilization. One of the superior commoditty of non-timber forest products in Kandolo Village under the guidance of Kutai National Park is Genjah Sugar Palm (Arenga pinata Merr). This research objective was to determine the morphology, productivity and quality of the east kutai native genjah sugar palm. The materials used are fresh sap, the method of making palm sugar was by heating for 3 hours to evaporate the water. The heating is ended after it becomes thickened. After thickening, the stew is immediately removed from the heat. Before printing the thick sap is stirred so the heat is more evenly distributed. The result of research shows that the morphology of genjah sugar palm is very unique, because it has a short tree shape and a production age of 5-6 years. The productivity was quite high, the yield of sap is more than 12 liters day-1 , the duration of tapping is > 3 months tree1 . The chemical compound quality of genjah palm sugar had water content, ash, sacrose, reducing sugar, copper and mercury content of 2.24%, 1.76%, 95.48%, 1.02%, 1.62 ppm and 0.01 ppm

PHYTOCHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF JUWET FRUIT (Syzygium cumini L. Skeels) ETHANOLIC EXTRACT

Juwet (Syzygium cumini L. Skeels) is one of Indonesia's local fruits which its existence is hard to find now. All parts of this plant can be used for many treatments, one of which is as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to determine the compounds contained in the fruit and to determine the antioxidant activity as well. Phytochemical analysis was performed using the gas chromatography while antioxidant activity tests were carried out quantitatively by DPPH method. The results showed that the juwet fruit was contained phenol 284.47 mg/100 g GAE, flavonoids 379.07 mg/100g, tannins 3888.67 mg/100 g TAE and anthocyanins 40.28 mg/100 g which consisted of 66 types of chemical compounds. The results of the antioxidant analysis showed that the ethanolic extract of juwet fruit could inhibit DPPH radicals with IC50 of 72,96 µg/ml.

CYTOLOGICAL VARIATION OF (AAG)7 REPEAT ON LETTUCE CHROMOSOMES BY FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION (FISH)

Cytological studies using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique provides phylogenetical information in closely related taxa and have been widely applied for karyotyping and studying chromosomal organization and evolution in plant species. In the present study, FISH using a microsatellite sequence of (AAG)7 as the probe was performed in order to discriminate the chromosomes in four Lactuca species, i.e., L. sativa, L. serriola, L. saligna, and L. virosa. The experiment was carried out in April to September 2018 at Laboratory of Genetic and Plant Breeding of Breeding of Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Japan. Different distribution patterns of (AAG)n signals were shown on the chromosomes in the four Lactuca species studied, In L. sativa and L. serriola, FISH with (AAG)7 sequences revealed dispersed distribution patterns with one pair of bright signals, respectively. While in L. saligna and L. virosa, distinct signals with different intensities were observed in two pairs of chromosomes of L. saligna and five pairs of chromosomes of L. virosa. In conclusion, the AAG repeat signals could be used as cytogenetic landmarks for chromosome identification in Lactuca species.

TOXICITY TEST OF Gracilaria sp. AGAINST Aspergillus niger van Tieghem AND THE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS

The purpose of this study was to know the effectiveness of Gracilaria sp. ethanol extract to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus niger. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Gracilaria sp. was not effective to inhibit the growth of A. niger. The minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC) was carried out using extracts with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7 %, 0.8 %, 0.9%, 1%, 2% and 0% percentage. The MIC results showed that the minimum extract inhibiting A. niger was 0.8%. The results of the antifungal activity test showed that the ethanol extract of Gracilaria sp. was fungistatic against A. niger. On the third day incubation, the 4% extract inhibited the growth of fungi with an average diameter of 5 mm. The fungal colony test was carried out using extract with 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 0% concentration, and the results showed that extract with 4% concentration can inhibit fungi colony growth by 69%. Phytochemical analysis was conducted using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, and the results showed that the ethanol extract of Gracilaria sp. contained 366.33 mg/100g/GAE phenol, 2041.47 mg/100g flavonoids, and 3041.60 mg/100g/TAE tannins. Tannins are suspected to be the most dominant fungistatic compound with the largest amount.

RUNNER-TIP CULTURE OF STRAWBERRY (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) GROWN ON SEVERAL SHOOT-INDUCTION MEDIUM

A research regarding “Runner-tip culture of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) Grown on Several Shoot-induction Medium” has been investigated. The objective of the research was to find out the most suitable medium for shoot production from runner-tip culture of strawberry at establishment step of micropropagation. The research was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design, 4 treatments of medium type for shoot induction and 10 replication, each was represented by one (1) bottle with 6-8 explants. The treatments were summarized as follows: T1 = MS ; T2 = MS + 2 ppm BAP + 0.01 ppm NAA; T3 = MS + 1 ppm of TDZ; T4 = WPM + 2 ppm BAP + 0.01 ppm NAA. The parameters observed were days of the bud emergence, the average number of shoots per explant, and the average number of leaves per explant. It can be concluded that among medium used in the current research, the medium of MS added with 1 ppm thidiazuron (TDZ) was the most suitable medium for shoot production of strawberry from the explant of runner-tips. The treatment was resulted in the earliest time of bud emergence, and producing the highest number of shoots and leaves.