TIMING OF BUD BURST IS ASSOCIATED WITH CLIMATE OF MATERNAL ORIGIN IN QUERCUS LOBATA PROGENY IN A COMMON GARDEN

Genetic variation in fall cold damage in coastal Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii ) was measured by exposing excised branches of seedlings from 666 source locations grown in a common garden to freezing temperatures in a programmable freezer. Considerable variation was found among populations in fall cold hardiness of stems, needles, and buds compared with bud burst, bud set, and biomass growth after 2 years. Variation in fall cold hardiness was strongly correlated (r = 0.67) with cold-season temperatures of the source environment. Large population differences corresponding with environmental gradients are evidence that natural selection has been important in determining genetic variation in fall cold hardiness, much more so than in traits of bud burst (a surrogate for spring cold hardiness), bud set, and growth. Seed movement guidelines and breeding zones may be more restrictive when considering genetic variation in fall cold hardiness compared with growth, phenology, or spring cold hardiness. A regional stratification system based on ecoregions with latitudinal and elevational divisions, and roughly corresponding with breeding zones used in Oregon and Washington, appeared to be adequate for minimizing population differences within regions for growth and phenology, but perhaps not fall cold hardiness. Although cold hardiness varied among populations, within-population and within-region variation is sufficiently large that responses to natural or artificial selection may be readily achieved.

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Direct Phenological Responses but Later Growth Stimulation upon Spring and Summer/Autumn Warming of Prunus spinosa L. in a Common Garden Environment

Forests ◽

10.3390/f13010023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge ◽

Jessa May Malanguis ◽

Stefaan Moreels ◽

Arion Turcsán ◽

Nele Van der Schueren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Senescence ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Late Summer ◽

Common Garden ◽

Growth Stimulation ◽

Bud Burst ◽

Ecosystem Responses ◽

Spring Warming ◽

Prunus Spinosa

Future predictions of forest ecosystem responses are a challenge, as global temperatures will further rise in the coming decades at an unprecedented rate. The effect of elevated temperature on growth performance and phenology of three Prunus spinosa L. provenances (originating from Belgium, Spain, and Sweden) in a common garden environment was investigated. One-year-old seedlings were grown in greenhouse conditions and exposed to ambient and elevated temperatures in the spring (on average 5.6 °C difference) and in the late summer/autumn of 2018 (on average 1.9 °C difference), while they were kept hydrated, in a factorial design. In the following years, all plants experienced the same growing conditions. Bud burst, leaf senescence, height, and diameter growth were recorded. Height and radial growth were not affected in the year of the treatments (2018) but were enhanced the year after (2019), whereas phenological responses depended on the temperature treatments in the year of the treatments (2018) with little carry-over effects in the succeeding years. Spring warming enhanced more height growth in the succeeding year, whereas summer/autumn warming stimulated more radial growth. Spring warming advanced bud burst and shortened the leaf opening process whereas summer/autumn warming delayed leaf senescence and enlarged the duration of this phenophase. These results can help predict the putative shifts in species composition of future forests and woody landscape elements.

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VARIATION IN LEAF SHAPE IN A QUERCUS LOBATA COMMON GARDEN: TESTS FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES

Madroño ◽

10.3120/0024-9637-67.2.77 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

Author(s):

He-Lo Ramirez ◽

Christopher T. Ivey ◽

Jessica W. Wright ◽

Brandon W. S. MacDonald ◽

Victoria L. Sork

Keyword(s):

Leaf Shape ◽

Common Garden ◽

Quercus Lobata

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Differentiation and Non-Linear Responses in Temporal Phenotypic Plasticity of Seasonal Phenophases in a Common Garden of Crataegus monogyna Jacq.

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10040293 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 293 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge ◽

Astrid Janssens

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Plasticity ◽

Leaf Senescence ◽

Common Garden ◽

Lower Latitude ◽

Bud Burst ◽

Leaf Fall ◽

Flower Opening ◽

Crataegus Monogyna ◽

Non Linear ◽

Non Local

Phenology in perennial plants implies the temporal occurrence of biological events throughout the year. Heritable phenotypic plasticity in the timing of the phenophases can be of importance in the adaptation of woody species to a quickly changing environment. We observed the timing of bud burst, flower opening, leaf senescence and leaf fall in two successive years in a common garden of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. in Belgium, consisting of six local and five non-local provenances. Data were processed with cumulative logistic mixed models. Strong auto-correlation was present among the spring phenophases as well as among the autumnal phenophases, with spring phenophases being negatively correlated with fall phenophases. The strongest between-provenance differentiation was found for the timing of bud burst in spring, followed by flower opening and finally by leaf senescence and leaf fall. Warmer spring temperatures in March 2017 advanced the timing of bud burst, and to a lesser extent of flower opening, in all provenances compared to 2016. However, the advancement was non-linear among the provenances, with the lower latitude provenances being relatively less early and the higher elevation provenances being more late than the local provenances in this year. It can be hypothesized that non-local provenances display larger temporal phenotypic plastic responses in the timing of their spring phenophases compared to local provenances when temperatures in the common garden deviate more from their home-sites.

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Counter-Intuitive Response to Water Limitation in a Southern European Provenance of Frangula alnus Mill. in a Common Garden Experiment

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11111186 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1186

Author(s):

Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge ◽

Lise De Clerck ◽

Nele Van der Schueren ◽

Stefaan Moreels ◽

Amy Lauwers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Leaf Senescence ◽

Western Europe ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Stomatal Density ◽

Common Garden ◽

Bud Burst ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Water Limitation ◽

Frangula Alnus

Climate change will intensify drought periods during the growing season in Western Europe. We mimicked this prediction by withholding water in summer from young rooted cuttings of Frangula alnus Mill., a common shrub species, originating from different latitudes in Europe (Italy, Belgium and Sweden) and growing in a common garden environment in Belgium. We followed the responses to the drought up to two years after the treatment. Counter-intuitively, the Italian provenance displayed earlier symptoms and stronger effects of water limitation than the other two provenances. A putative higher transpiration in this provenance could be suggested based on a relative larger shoot growth, larger leaves and a higher stomatal density. After the post-drought re-watering, the droughted plants of the Italian provenance entered leaf senescence later than the control plants, likely as a compensation mechanism for the lost growing time. Bud burst in the first year after the drought treatment and leaf senescence in the next autumn were both advanced in the drought treated group when compared with the control plants. Bud burst in the second year after the drought treatment did not display any differentiation anymore between control and drought treated plants. Growth traits also displayed legacies of the water limitation. For example, the drought treated plants showed a lower number of reshoots upon pruning in the year after the drought treatment. Our results suggest that assisted migration from southern Europe to western Europe as a climate change adaptation strategy might not always follow the expected patterns.

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Radionuclide hybrid imaging in common garden slugs (Arionidae)

10.1055/s-0040-1708322 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

N Beindorff ◽

D Messroghli ◽

JF Eary ◽

W Brenner

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Imaging ◽

Common Garden

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Vulnerability of sweet cherry cultivars to continuous periods of spring frosts in Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Agricultural Science and Technology ◽

10.15547/ast.2020.04.055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 348-352

Author(s):

S. Malchev ◽

S. Savchovska

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Frost Damage ◽

Cold Weather ◽

Bud Burst ◽

Intermediate Group ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Wide Range ◽

Group Form ◽

Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Abstract. The periods with continuous freezing air temperatures reported during the spring of 2020 (13 incidents) affected a wide range of local and introduced sweet cherry cultivars in the region of Plovdiv. They vary from -0.6°C on March 02 to -4.9°C on March 16-17. The duration of influence of the lowest temperatures is 6 and 12 hours between March 16 and 17. The inspection of fruit buds and flowers was conducted twice (on March 26 and April 08) at different phenological stages after continuous waves of cold weather conditions alternated with high temperatures. During the phenological phase ‘bud burst’ (tight cluster or BBCH 55) some of the flowers in the buds did not develop further making the damage hardly detectable. The most damaged are hybrid El.28-21 (95.00%), ‘Van’ (91.89%) and ‘Bing’ (89.41%) and from the next group ‘Lapins’ (85.98%) and ‘Rosita’ (83.33%). A larger intermediate group form ‘Kossara’ (81.67%), ‘Rozalina’ (76.00%), ‘Sunburst’ (75.00%), ‘Bigarreau Burlat’ (69.11%) and ‘Kuklenska belitza’ (66.67%). Candidate-cultivar El.17-90 ‘Asparuh’ has the lowest frost damage values of 55.00% and El.17-37 ‘Tzvetina’ with damage of 50.60%.

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