scholarly journals ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОВІДНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ПРОРОСТКІВ ПШЕНИЦІ ЗА СТРЕСОВОЇ ДІЇ НАФТИ

2012 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
П. В. Писаренко ◽  
Л. А. Колєснікова
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Test Culture ◽  
Leaf Model ◽  
Stimulation Of

Визначено морфологічні прояви токсичних та інгі-буючих властивостей компонентів сирої нафтипоперечних зрізів листкової пластинки (далі – ЛП)проростків пшениці. Вивчено динаміку формуван-ня провідної системи ЛП четвертого листка мо-дельної сільськогосподарської тест-культури наранніх фазах онтогенезу за наявності стресовогочинника. Встановлено, що при забрудненні ґрунтусирою нафтою в дозі 5 мл⁄кг спостерігаєтьсястимуляція розвитку елементів механічної ткани-ни ЛП, що проявляється в зростанні їх розмірів такількості. Помірне забруднення (10−20 мл⁄кг) ви-кликає асиметрію – тропізм розміщення судинно-волокнистих пучків (СВП) відносно центральноговеликого СВП, зменшення розміру великого СВП іводночас збільшення цього показника для середньо-го СВП, накопичення елементів механічної ткани-ни. Збільшення дози нафтового забруднення до50 мл⁄кг істотно впливає на розвиток провідної сис-теми ЛП і призводить до появи у пустотах елемен-тів ксилеми й флоеми середніх і великих СВП дріб-нодисперсних мас, що, ймовірно, утворені продукта-ми дисиміляції, деструкції та катаболізму. Defined morphological manifestations of toxic andinhibitory properties of the components of crude oil leafblade cross-section (hereinafter – LP) wheat seedlings The dynamics of formation of the conduction system LPfourth leaf model of agricultural test culture in the earlystages of ontogeny in the presence of stressors.Established that soil contamination crude oil at a dose of5 ml/kg observed stimulation of the elements ofmechanical tissue LP, which is manifested in the growthof their size and quantity. Moderate pollution (10–20ml/kg) causes an asymmetry – tropism placement SVP isrelatively large central SVP, reduce the size of big farmsupport while increasing that of the average SVP,accumulation of elements of mechanical tissue.Increasing doses of oil pollution to 50 ml/kg significantlyaffect the development of leading LP and leads to theappearance of emptiness and phloem elements xylemmedium and large SVP fine masses, which probablyformed products of dissimilation, degradation andcatabolism.

scholarly journals Аналіз фітотоксичності нафтозабруднених ґрунтів

2015 ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Л. А. Колєснікова ◽  
М. П. Федюшко
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Model Test ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Test Culture ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Morphological Indices ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Stimulation Of

Проведено аналіз токсичного впливу сирої нафтина анатомо-морфологічні показники листкової плас-тинки (далі – ЛП) проростків пшениці ярої, вироще-них на ґрунті з модельованим забрудненням. Встанов-лено три основні ефекти впливу сирої нафти на мор-фологію ЛП модельної тест-культури׃ стимуляціяанаболічних процесів хлоренхіми; резистентність(стійкість проростків пшениці ярої до впливу наф-тового забруднення ґрунту); фітотоксичний ефект,що викликає розвиток атрофії та деструкції клітинхлоренхіми й призводить до загибелі проростків. The analysis of the toxic effects of crude oil on anatomical and morphological indices of leaf blade (LB) seedlings of spring wheat which were grown on soil with simulated contamination was held. There are three main effects of crude oil on the morphology of the LB model test culture were identified׃ stimulation of chlorine anabolic processes; resistance, the resistance of seedlings of spring wheat to the effects of oil contamination of soil; phytotoxic effect, causing the development of atrophy and destruction of chlorenchyma cells and leads to death of seedlings.

scholarly journals Changes of Heart Rate and Lipid Composition in Mytilus Edulis and Modiolus Modiolus Caused by Crude Oil Pollution and Low Salinity Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-60
Author(s):  
Igor Bakhmet ◽  
Natalia Fokina ◽  
Tatiana Ruokolainen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Crude Oil Pollution ◽  
Modiolus Modiolus

Blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, inhabiting tidal zones, are naturally exposed to fluctuating environmental conditions (e.g., fluctuations in temperature and salinities), while horse mussels, Modiolus modiolus, live under relatively invariable shelf water conditions. The present investigation tested the hypothesis: blue mussels, in comparison to horse mussels, have an increased ability to tolerate the stress of pollution combined with low salinity. To assess the response of blue mussels and horse mussels to oil pollution at seawater salinities of 25 psu (normal) and 15 psu (low), we used a combination of heart rate and lipid composition as physiological and biochemical indicators, respectively. A sharp decrease in heart rate as well as important fluctuations in cardiac activity was observed under all oil concentrations. Modifications in the concentrations of the main membrane lipid classes (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cholesterol) and storage lipids (primarily triacylglycerols) in response to different crude oil concentrations were time- and dose-dependent. Both chosen indicators showed a high sensitivity to crude oil contamination. Furthermore, both bivalve species showed similar responses to oil pollution, suggesting a universal mechanism for biochemical adaptation to crude oil pollution.

Response of a Newly Identified Trichoderma Harzianum KY488466 to Crude Oil Pollution and Its Expression of Peroxidase Genes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Segun Gbolagade Jonathan ◽  
Michael Asemoloye ◽  
Rafiq Ahmad ◽  
O. Joseph Olawuyi ◽  
Damilola Adejoye
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Crude Oil Pollution

Control of Preparatory Feeding Behaviour in the Sea Anemone Tealia Felina

1970 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
I. D. McFARLANE
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Feeding Response ◽  
Slow Conduction ◽  
Oral Disk ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Dissolved food substances elicit preparatory feeding behaviour in the sea anemone Tealia felina. This behaviour takes the form of expansion of the oral disk and lowering of the margin of the disk. Food may also cause mouth opening and pharynx protrusion. This pre-feeding response may increase the chance of food capture. 2. The expansion and lowering of the oral disk can also be elicited by electrical stimulation of a slow conduction system, the SS1, thought to be located in the ectoderm. 3. SS1 activity is seen when the anemone is exposed to dissolved food substances. 4. It is concluded that preparatory feeding behaviour in Tealia is mediated in part by the SS1.

scholarly journals Sublethal Effects of Crude Oil and Chemical Dispersants on Multiple Life History Stages of the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 808
Author(s):  
Sara M. Garcia ◽  
Kevin T. Du Clos ◽  
Olivia H. Hawkins ◽  
Brad J. Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Eastern Oyster ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Oil Exposure

The eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica is an ecologically and economically important species that is vulnerable to oil pollution. We assessed sublethal effects of soluble fractions of crude oil alone (WAF) and crude oil in combination with Corexit 9500 dispersant (CEWAF) on oysters at three life history stages. Veliger swimming, pediveliger settlement, and adult clearance rates were quantified after 24 h exposures to the contaminants. Veliger swimming speeds were not significantly impacted by 24 h exposures to WAF or CEWAF. A larger proportion of veligers were inactive following WAF and CEWAF exposure as compared to the control, but the effect was greater for pediveligers, and pediveliger settlement in the highest concentration CEWAF treatment decreased by 50% compared to controls. Thus, pediveligers may be particularly vulnerable to oil exposure. In the adults, we found significant clearance rates reductions that persisted 33 days after acute exposure to CEWAF. Knowledge of sublethal effects of oil and dispersant at multiple life history stages aids understanding of how this important species will respond to an oil spill.

scholarly journals Highlighting the Crude Oil Bioremediation Potential of Marine Fungi Isolated from the Port of Oran (Algeria)

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahlem Maamar ◽  
Marie-Elisabeth Lucchesi ◽  
Stella Debaets ◽  
Nicolas Nguyen van Long ◽  
Maxence Quemener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Marine Fungi ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Seawater Samples

While over hundreds of terrestrial fungal genera have been shown to play important roles in the biodegradation of hydrocarbons, few studies have so far focused on the fungal bioremediation potential of petroleum in the marine environment. In this study, the culturable fungal communities occurring in the port of Oran in Algeria, considered here as a chronically-contaminated site, have been mainly analyzed in terms of species richness. A collection of 84 filamentous fungi has been established from seawater samples and then the fungi were screened for their ability to utilize and degrade crude oil. A total of 12 isolates were able to utilize crude oil as a unique carbon source, from which 4 were defined as the most promising biodegrading isolates based on a screening test using 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol as a proxy to highlight their ability to metabolize crude oil. The biosurfactant production capability was also tested and, interestingly, the oil spreading and drop-collapse tests highlighted that the 4 most promising isolates were also those able to produce the highest quantity of biosurfactants. The results generated in this study demonstrate that the most promising fungal isolates, namely Penicillium polonicum AMF16, P. chrysogenum AMF47 and 2 isolates (AMF40 and AMF74) affiliated to P. cyclopium, appear to be interesting candidates for bioremediation of crude oil pollution in the marine environment within the frame of bioaugmentation or biostimulation processes.

scholarly journals Co-Ordination of Pedal-Disk Detachment in the Sea Anemone Calliactis Parasitica

1969 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-396
Author(s):  
I. D. MCFARLANE
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Identical Stimulus ◽  
Slow Conduction ◽  
Calliactis Parasitica ◽  
Behavioural Sequence ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Electrical activity has been recorded from the sphincter region of Calliactis parasitica during the behavioural sequence in which the anemone detaches from the substrate and attaches to a Buccinum shell. The ectodermal slow-conduction system (SS1) fires repetitively, the majority of observed pulses occurring in the period prior to detachment (a typical example is 25 SS1pulses at an average frequency of 1 pulse/7 sec.). Shell-tentacle contact is essential for stimulation of SS1activity. 2. Mechanical stimulation of the column excites the SS1, and 30 stimuli at a frequency of about one shock/5 sec. give pedal disk detachment. 3. Electrical stimulation of the ectoderm excites the SS1and about 30 stimuli at frequencies between one shock/3 sec. and one shock/9 sec. produce detachment. Detachment and the SS1 have an identical stimulus threshold. It is concluded that detachment is co-ordinated by the SS1.

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Crude Oil Pollution on Newborn Birth Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinemerem ELEKE ◽  
Sabinah Obele NGBALA-OKPABI ◽  
Daprim OGAJI ◽  
Ifeyinwa S. AGU ◽  
Esther N. BEMPONG-ELEKE
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Crude Oil Pollution
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