scholarly journals Longitudinal Stability and Change in Time-Frequency Measures from an Oddball Task During Adolescence and Early Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Malone ◽  
Jeremy Harper ◽  
William G. Iacono
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Stable Set ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Component Loadings

Time-frequency representations of electroencephalographic signals lend themselves to granular analysis of cognitive and psychological processes. Characterizing developmental trajectories of time-frequency measures can thus inform us about the development of the processes involved. We decomposed EEG activity in a large sample of individuals (N = 1692; 917 females) assessed at approximately three-year intervals from the age of 11 to their mid-20s. Participants completed an oddball task that elicits a robust P3 response. Principal component analysis served to identify meaningful dimensions of time-frequency energy. Component loadings were virtually identical across assessment waves. A common and stable set of time-frequency dynamics thus characterized EEG activity throughout this age range. Trajectories of change in component scores suggest that aspects of brain development reflected in these components comprise two distinct phases, with marked decreases in component amplitude throughout much of adolescence followed by smaller yet significant rates of decreases into early adulthood. Although the structure of time-frequency activity was stable throughout adolescence and early adulthood, we observed subtle change in component loadings as well. Our findings suggest that striking developmental change in event-related potentials emerges through gradual change in the magnitude and timing of a stable set of dimensions of time-frequency activity, illustrating the usefulness of time-frequency representations of EEG signals and longitudinal designs for understanding brain development. In addition, two components were associated with childhood externalizing psychopathology, independent of sex, which extends the existing literature and provides proof of concept of the notion that developmental trajectories might serve as candidate endophenotypes for psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Imaging structural brain development in childhood and adolescence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian K. Tamnes ◽  
Kathryn L. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Brain Morphometry ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Structural Brain ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

The human brain undergoes a remarkably protracted development. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has allowed us to capture these changes through longitudinal investigations. In this chapter, we describe the typical developmental trajectories of human brain structure between childhood and early adulthood. We focus on measurements of brain morphometry and measurements derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). By integrating findings from multiple longitudinal investigations with seminal cellular studies, we describe neurotypical patterns of structural brain development and possible underlying biological mechanisms. Finally, we highlight several new measures and approaches to examine structural brain development.

Brain Responses to World Knowledge Violations: A Comparison of Stimulus- and Fixation-triggered Event-related Potentials and Neural Oscillations

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Metzner ◽  
Titus von der Malsburg ◽  
Shravan Vasishth ◽  
Frank Rösler
Keyword(s):  
Word Meaning ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Gamma Range ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Related Potentials

Recent research has shown that brain potentials time-locked to fixations in natural reading can be similar to brain potentials recorded during rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). We attempted two replications of Hagoort, Hald, Bastiaansen, and Petersson [Hagoort, P., Hald, L., Bastiaansen, M., & Petersson, K. M. Integration of word meaning and world knowledge in language comprehension. Science, 304, 438–441, 2004] to determine whether this correspondence also holds for oscillatory brain responses. Hagoort et al. reported an N400 effect and synchronization in the theta and gamma range following world knowledge violations. Our first experiment (n = 32) used RSVP and replicated both the N400 effect in the ERPs and the power increase in the theta range in the time–frequency domain. In the second experiment (n = 49), participants read the same materials freely while their eye movements and their EEG were monitored. First fixation durations, gaze durations, and regression rates were increased, and the ERP showed an N400 effect. An analysis of time–frequency representations showed synchronization in the delta range (1–3 Hz) and desynchronization in the upper alpha range (11–13 Hz) but no theta or gamma effects. The results suggest that oscillatory EEG changes elicited by world knowledge violations are different in natural reading and RSVP. This may reflect differences in how representations are constructed and retrieved from memory in the two presentation modes.

scholarly journals Developmental Trajectories of Amygdala and Hippocampus from Infancy to Early Adulthood in Healthy Individuals

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e46970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Uematsu ◽  
Mie Matsui ◽  
Chiaki Tanaka ◽  
Tsutomu Takahashi ◽  
Kyo Noguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Healthy Individuals

scholarly journals Normative range parenting and the developing brain: a scoping review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Farber ◽  
Dylan Gee ◽  
Ahmad R. Hariri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Studies of early adversity such as trauma, abuse, and neglect highlight the critical importance of quality caregiving in brain development and mental health. However, the impact of normative range variability in caregiving on such biobehavioral processes remains poorly understood. Thus, we lack an essential foundation for understanding broader, population-representative developmental mechanisms of risk and resilience. Here, we conduct a scoping review of the extant literature centered on the question, “Is variability in normative range parenting associated with variability in brain structure and function?” After removing duplicates and screening by title, abstract, and full-text, 23 records were included in a qualitative review. The most striking outcome of this review was not only how few studies have explored associations between brain development and normative range parenting, but also how little methodological consistency exists across published studies. In light of these limitations, we propose recommendations for future research on normative range parenting and brain development. In doing so, we hope to facilitate evidence-based research that will help inform policies and practices that yield optimal developmental trajectories and mental health.

scholarly journals A NEW METHOD TO DETECT EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS BASED ON PEARSON'S CORRELATION

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizio Tressoldi ◽  
William Giroldini ◽  
Luciano Pederzoli ◽  
Marco Bilucaglia ◽  
Simone Melloni
Keyword(s):  
Latency Period ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
New Method ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Multiple Trials ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
Matlab Programming

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) are widely used in Brain-Computer Interface applications and in neuroscience. Normal EEG activity is rich in background noise and therefore, in order to detect ERPs, it is usually necessary to take the average from multiple trials to reduce the effects of this noise. The noise produced by EEG activity itself is not correlated with the ERP waveform and so, by calculating the average, the noise is decreased by a factor inversely proportional to the square root of N, where N is the number of averaged epochs. This is the easiest strategy currently used to detect ERPs, which is based on calculating the average of each ERPs waveform, these waveforms being time-and phase-locked. In this paper a new method called GW6 is proposed, which calculates the ERP using a mathematical method based only on Pearson's Correlation. This results in a graph with the same time resolution as the classical ERP and which contains only positive peaks representing the increase, in consonance to the stimuli, in EEG signal correlation over all channels. This new method is also useful for selectively identifying and highlighting any hidden components of the ERP response that are not phase-locked, and that are usually hidden in the standard and simple method based on the averaging of all the epochs. These hidden components seem to be caused by variations (between each successive stimulus) of the ERPs inherent phase latency period (jitter), although the same stimulus across all EEG channels produces a reasonably constant phase. For this reason, this new method could be very helpful to investigate these hidden components of the ERP response and to develop applications for scientific and medical purposes. Moreover, this new method is more resistant to EEG artifacts than the standard calculations of the average. The method we are proposing can be directly used in the form of a process written in the well known Matlab programming language and can be easily and quickly written in any other software language.

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