Developmental Trajectories of Amygdala and Hippocampus from Infancy to Early Adulthood in Healthy Individuals

The primary purpose of the present study was to examine the processing of local and global perception in relation to selective attention during development from childhood to early adulthood. Filtering was the specific component of selective attention that was examined. The influence of varying distractor congruency and compatibility on relative local-global processing was also examined. Distractor congruency and compatibility did not differentially affect local and global processing. With the presence of neutral distractors, however, 6- and 8-year-old participants demonstrated a greater increase in RTs for global targets relative to local targets whereas older children and adults showed the same pattern of RTs for both local and global targets. The results are suggestive of separate developmental trajectories for global and local level processes, with global processing undergoing developmental change at least until 8 years of age.

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1280Natural history, developmental trajectories, and determinants of eczema from infancy to 26 years of age

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.761 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ali Ziyab ◽

Nandini Mukherjee ◽

Hasan Arshad ◽

Wilfried Karmaus

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Early Onset ◽

Late Onset ◽

Developmental Trajectories ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Clinical Criteria ◽

Adjusted Risk ◽

Disease Patterns ◽

Males And Females ◽

Semiparametric Mixture Models

Abstract Background Eczema is a common inflammatory skin disease with varying developmental trajectories/patterns. This study sought to investigate eczema development from infancy to early adulthood by identifying distinct developmental trajectories that describe disease patterns over time and evaluate the role of early life risk factors. Methods The Isle of Wight Birth Cohort (n = 1456) was prospectively assessed at birth, 1, 2, 4, 10, 18, and 26 years. At each assessment, eczema was ascertained based on established clinical criteria. Developmental trajectories of eczema between 1-or-2 and 26 years were identified separately for males and females by applying semiparametric mixture models. Associations were assessed by applying a modified Poisson regression to estimate adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results In both males and females, the following eczema trajectories were identified: unaffected/transient (77.7% vs. 73.0%), mid-onset late-resolving (7.8% vs. 4.4%), late-onset (5.2% vs. 9.5%), and early-onset persistent (9.3% vs. 5.4%). In females, an additional trajectory was identified: early-onset early-resolving (7.7%). Among males, filaggrin gene (FLG) variants (aRR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.34-4.46) and paternal eczema (2.66, 1.39-5.08) were associated with the early-onset persistent trajectory. Among females, maternal eczema (2.84, 1.42-5.70) and high birthweight (2.25, 1.08-4.69) were associated with the early-onset persistent trajectory. Conclusions Four and five trajectories represented eczema development among males and females, respectively, with different predisposing risk factors. Key messages Males and females may experience a different course of eczema and also sex-specific risk factors.

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Longitudinal Stability and Change in Time-Frequency Measures from an Oddball Task During Adolescence and Early Adulthood

10.31219/osf.io/8kdh7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Steve Malone ◽

Jeremy Harper ◽

William G. Iacono

Keyword(s):

Brain Development ◽

Developmental Trajectories ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Stable Set ◽

Gradual Change ◽

Eeg Activity ◽

Time Frequency ◽

Oddball Task ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Component Loadings

Time-frequency representations of electroencephalographic signals lend themselves to granular analysis of cognitive and psychological processes. Characterizing developmental trajectories of time-frequency measures can thus inform us about the development of the processes involved. We decomposed EEG activity in a large sample of individuals (N = 1692; 917 females) assessed at approximately three-year intervals from the age of 11 to their mid-20s. Participants completed an oddball task that elicits a robust P3 response. Principal component analysis served to identify meaningful dimensions of time-frequency energy. Component loadings were virtually identical across assessment waves. A common and stable set of time-frequency dynamics thus characterized EEG activity throughout this age range. Trajectories of change in component scores suggest that aspects of brain development reflected in these components comprise two distinct phases, with marked decreases in component amplitude throughout much of adolescence followed by smaller yet significant rates of decreases into early adulthood. Although the structure of time-frequency activity was stable throughout adolescence and early adulthood, we observed subtle change in component loadings as well. Our findings suggest that striking developmental change in event-related potentials emerges through gradual change in the magnitude and timing of a stable set of dimensions of time-frequency activity, illustrating the usefulness of time-frequency representations of EEG signals and longitudinal designs for understanding brain development. In addition, two components were associated with childhood externalizing psychopathology, independent of sex, which extends the existing literature and provides proof of concept of the notion that developmental trajectories might serve as candidate endophenotypes for psychiatric disorders.

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Pathways in Paralympic Sport: An In-Depth Analysis of Athletes’ Developmental Trajectories and Training Histories

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.2021-0095 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-49

Author(s):

Nima Dehghansai ◽

Ross A. Pinder ◽

Joseph Baker

Keyword(s):

Developmental Trajectories ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Participation Rates ◽

Organized Sports ◽

Younger Age ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Individualized Approach ◽

Paralympic Sport ◽

And Training

This three-part investigation conducted a comprehensive analysis of 213 Australian and Canadian athletes’ developmental trajectories, training histories, and experiences in organized sports from 18 Paralympic sports (PS). While athletes with early-onset impairments (i.e., congenital, preadolescent) reached milestones and commenced various types of training at a significantly younger age than athletes with later-onset impairments (i.e., early adulthood, adulthood), the latter groups progressed through their careers and incorporated various trainings at a faster pace (i.e., fewer years). Preferences to certain training conditions varied between groups. Eighty-two percent of the athletes with acquired impairments had experience in able-bodied sports before the onset of their impairment, with 70% noting involvement in sports similar to their current PS. The participation rates (38%) and sport similarity (53%) were lower in PS. The amalgamation of findings from this series of studies highlights the complexity associated with PS athletes’ development and demonstrates the importance of taking an individualized approach.

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Childhood family factors predict developmental trajectories of hostility and anger: a prospective study from childhood into middle adulthood

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291713000056 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (11) ◽

pp. 2417-2426 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

C. Hakulinen ◽

M. Jokela ◽

M. Hintsanen ◽

L. Pulkki-Råback ◽

T. Hintsa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Environment ◽

Developmental Trajectories ◽

Economic Status ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Family Factors ◽

Self Report ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Middle Adulthood ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Age Range

BackgroundLow socio-economic status (SES), and a conflictive, cold and unsupportive family environment in childhood have been associated with early adulthood hostility. However, it is unknown whether this association changes in magnitude with age from childhood to adulthood. We investigated whether childhood family factors (SES and parental child-rearing style) predicted differential development of offspring hostility and anger from early to middle adulthood.MethodBetween 2041 and 2316 participants (age range 3–18 years at baseline) were selected from the longitudinal Young Finns study. The participants were followed for 27 years between 1980 and 2007. Childhood SES and parent's self-reported child-rearing style were measured twice: at baseline and 3 years after baseline. Hostility and anger were assessed with self-report questionnaires at 12, 17, 21 and 27 years after baseline.ResultsLow parental SES and hostile child-rearing style at baseline predicted higher mean levels of offspring anger and hostility. Low parental SES and one of the hostile child-rearing style components (strict disciplinary style) became more strongly associated with offspring hostility with age, suggesting an accumulating effect.ConclusionsChildhood family factors predict the development of hostility and anger over 27 years and some of these family factors have a long-term accumulating effect on the development of hostility.

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Violence Trajectories Associated With Dating Violence Victimization and Perpetration: An Examination of Gendered Pathways

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.34.1.46 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 46-68

Author(s):

Henriikka Weir ◽

Catherine Kaukinen

Keyword(s):

Dating Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Latent Class ◽

Developmental Trajectories ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Violence Victimization ◽

National Longitudinal Study ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Relationship ◽

Gendered Pathways

The present study investigated the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) during adolescence and early adulthood and general involvement in violence using publicly available data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Longitudinal Latent Class Analysis (LLCA) was utilized to investigate the patterns of violence among victims and perpetrators of IPV. The longitudinal developmental trajectories of violence involvement were then separately compared and contrasted between males and females experiencing IPV victimization and/or perpetration as well as males and females not experiencing IPV victimization and/or perpetration. While majority of youth scored low on involvement in violence as evidenced by assignment into an “abstainer” category, multiple diverse longitudinal trajectories of violence involvement were identified based on gender and exposure to IPV.

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