scholarly journals Daya Tarik Arsitektur Bangunan Wat Arun Di Bangkok Thailand

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Aminah
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Buddhist Temple ◽  
Chao Phraya River ◽  
The Temple

Bangkok is the capital and most populous city of the Kingdom of Thailand. Bangkok has many tourist attractions. One of them the famous is Wat Arun "Temple of Dawn" is a Buddhist temple (wat) in Bangkok Yai district of Bangkok, Thailand, on the Thonburi west bank of the Chao Phraya River. The temple derives its name from the Hindu god Aruna, often personified as the radiations of the rising sun. Wat Arun is among the best known of Thailand's landmarks and the first light of the morning reflects off the surface of the temple with pearly iridescence. Although the temple had existed since at least the seventeenth century, its distinctive prang (spires) were built in the early nineteenth century during the reign of King Rama II.

The Round Temple in the Forum Boarium

1960 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Strong ◽  
J. B. Ward-Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Definitive Solution ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
The Temple ◽  
General Opinion ◽  
Ancient Remains

The name and date of the little round temple in the Forum Boarium at Rome (popularly known as the ‘Temple of Vesta’) are long-standing problems of Roman topography. Its identification is still quite uncertain. On the chronology, however, general opinion seems to have hardened and, for reasons which are discussed below, most scholars appear now to believe that the building is Augustan, rejecting the attractive theory of Altmann and Delbrueck that it was erected some time in the later second century B.C. The present article is not concerned at all with the problem of identification, nor does it attempt the full and detailed study of the design and construction without which a definitive solution of the problem of dating is clearly impossible. Its purpose is twofold: to draw attention to some significant features of the architectural design and decoration, and to illustrate and discuss some surviving fragments which can be shown to belong to the lost entablture, but which seem hitherto to have escaped attention.The foundations of the temple were first exposed by Valadier in the early nineteenth century, in the course of restoration work undertaken to free the building of later accretions and to consolidate the ancient remains.

The Politics of Poetics in Early Qajar Iran: Writing Royal-Commissioned Tazkeras at Fath-ʿAli Shāh’s Court

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naofumi Abe
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Literary Movement ◽  
Persian Poetry ◽  
Late Eighteenth

Abstract The middle of the eighteenth century reportedly witnessed the emergence of the new literary movement in Persian poetry, called the “bāzgasht-e adabi,” or literary return, which rejected the seventeenth-century mainstream Indian or tāza-guʾi style. This literary movement recently merits increased attention from many scholars who are interested in wider Persianate cultures. This article explores the reception of this movement in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Iran and the role played by the Qajar royal court in it, mainly by the analysis of a specific sub-genre of tazkeras, called “royal-commissioned tazkeras,” which were produced from the reign of the second Qajar monarch Fath-ʿAli Shāh onward. A main focus will be on the reciprocal relationship between the court poets/literati and the shah, which presumably somehow affected our understanding of Persian literature today.

Morbid Jealousy: Some Clinical and Social Aspects of a Psychiatric Symptom

1961 ◽  
Vol 107 (449) ◽  
pp. 687-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Psychiatric Symptom ◽  
English Language ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Green Is ◽  
French Word

Jealousy is more than a psychiatric symptom. Its language is universal: the conduct and feelings of the jealous man and woman have repeatedly drawn the attention of the great observers of human nature, the moralists and the philosophers as well as the poets and the novelists. They have, on the whole, described the reaction more successfully than they have defined it. Even the most celebrated definitions—Descartes' “kind of fear related to a desire to preserve a possession” or Spinoza's “mixture of hate and love”, for example— merely illustrate the complexity of a term whose many nuances of meaning can be detected in its roots. The English adjective “jealous” and the noun “jealousy” are derived respectively from the French “jaloux” and “jalousie”, both taken from the old Provençal “gilos”; “gilos” in turn may be traced back to the vulgar Latin adjective “zelosus” which comes from the late Latin “zelus” and so indirectly from the Greek ζηλoς. In its transmission the word has thus been debased. It has ceased to denote “zeal” or “ardour”; the “noble passion” which stood opposed to “envy” for the Greeks has acquired a pejorative quality. In modern German the distinction is preserved verbally, “Eifersucht” having been formed from the original “Eifer” (zeal) and the suffix “-sucht”, which is cognate with “siech”, meaning “sickly”. Amorous jealousy claims associations of its own. During the seventeenth century the French word “jalousie” acquired the meaning of “blind” or “shutter”; in this sense it entered the English language as a noun in the early nineteenth century; the transmutation is thought to have signified a jocular reference to the suspicious husband or lover who could watch unobserved behind the jalousie; the Italian word “gelosia” is used in this way as early as the middle of the sixteenth century. In the Scandinavian languages separate words designate amorous jealousy. (1) The Swedish “svartsjuk”, literally “black sick”, is taken from an old expression which identified jealousy with the wearing of black socks; the Danish “skinsyg”, “afraid of getting skin (a rebuff)”, harks back to an old link of jealousy with skin which may in turn have been connected with hose or socks. (2) The origin of the colours which are traditionally employed to depict jealousy, especially black, yellow and green, is obscure.

When History Caught Up with Historians

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-74
Author(s):  
Jeff Loveland
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
History Of

Thanks in part to the influence of Friedrich Brockhaus’s Konversations-Lexikon, a German encyclopedia inaugurated in 1796, biographies of the living had become unremarkable in Europe’s encyclopedias by the early nineteenth century. Today, they are pervasive. Between 1674 and 1750, they remained rare and controversial in the alphabetical ancestors of the modern encyclopedia. In this article, I explain why, and show how encyclopedists’ practices evolved in the period in which the historical dictionary and other alphabetical proto-encyclopedias burst onto the European literary scene, that is, the late seventeenth century and the first half of the eighteenth. I begin by exploring early encyclopedists’ motives for not treating the living. My second section then examines the most influential historical dictionaries as well as the encyclopedia that best covered the living, tracking how practices regarding contemporary biographies evolved. Finally, I consider some of the broader social and cultural changes, both internal and external to the history of encyclopedia-making, that are reflected in encyclopedias’ growing coverage of the living and the recently deceased.

Naming and Branding

2020 ◽  
pp. 441-472
Author(s):  
Karl Raitz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Glass Bottles ◽  
Product Marketing

Distilling’s nineteenth-century heritage is being pursued and reclaimed by contemporary distillers—in part for historical interest, and in part for marketing purposes—including reviving historical brand names and distillery sites. Branding a product begins by naming it. Literal branding was practiced by early-nineteenth-century distillers, who burned the product’s name and place of origin into barrels. When distillers sold their works, they often sold the name with it. The Federal Trademark Act of 1870 introduced legal requirements for establishing and protecting product names. Brand infringement was often contested by legal actions. Labeling became important with the availability of mass-produced glass bottles, and label design, color, and image choices reflected Victorian tastes and priorities. Distillers had long held heritage and tradition to be important to their identity and product marketing. Distillers venerated the “old” in brand names and advertising. The distillers’ landscape is also part of the industry’s heritage, a part of their brands. Kentucky distilleries have organized history-centered landscapes that serve as tourist attractions on the Bourbon Trail.

Baptists

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Local Church ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Organizational Infrastructure

Like other Dissenting denominations, Baptists were on a quest to attain respectability. Both the General and Particular Baptists were keen, in some ways, to disassociate themselves from their radical seventeenth-century origins. Like Congregationalists, by the early nineteenth century there were moves towards more organizational infrastructure and a greater degree of denominational unity. Baptists also stressed the importance of the ‘gathered’ church as being at the heart of the Christian experience, with a local covenant often being the visible manifestation of their faith. Tensions between the importance of the independence of the local church and broader structures remained. Theological disagreements were also discernible, although Baptists were often just as concerned about the interpretation of Calvinism as about disputes between Calvinists and Arminians.

scholarly journals Restored and Regretted: A History of Staging Authenticity at the Dutch Palace Het Loo

Collections ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-176
Author(s):  
Hanneke Ronnes ◽  
Bob van Toor
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of

With the coronation of King-Stadtholder William of Orange III and Mary II of England in 1689, palace Het Loo became the seat of the first kingly ruler the Dutch had seen in a century. Its physical biography demonstrates this symbolic weight and the dialogue between its presentation and reception since. In the early nineteenth century, its resident king Louis Bonaparte greatly altered both the house and the garden of Het Loo. In the 1970s, it was decided to recreate the seventeenth-century palace, despite fierce debates, which even reached the Dutch Parliament. Both supporters and opponents of the far-reaching renovation plans argued that the authenticity of the site was at stake. Since then, several other restoration programs have been carried out, a very extensive one is currently underway. This article takes the restorations of Het Loo in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in light of its presentation history as its subject and case, discussing how authenticity at palace museum Het Loo is defined, contested, neglected, and defended.

Winthrop's Journal in Manuscript and Print: The Temporalities of Early-Nineteenth-Century Transmedial Reproduction

PMLA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Jane Roylance
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Print Edition ◽  
The Way

In the early nineteenth century, the antiquarian James Savage produced a print edition of John Winthrop's seventeenth-century manuscript journal. This transmedial reproduction illustrates the differing affordances of print and manuscript as vehicles for connecting to the past. Manuscripts offer a tangible link to long-dead people, but manuscripts' rarity encourages their sequestration in archives. In contrast, print editions make historical content more broadly accessible but provide a less direct material link to earlier eras. Print facsimiles of manuscript, such as the reproduction of Winthrop's handwriting included in Savage's edition, seek to embody the best of both media. But print facsimiles' promise of access to manuscript materiality elides their nature as temporal hybrids and their tendency to distort and damage their originals. The way that nineteenth-century antiquarians negotiated manuscript's and print's temporal affordances and juggled the competing prerogatives of past, present, and future makes those antiquarians useful models for understanding the stakes of digitization projects today.

scholarly journals Gulielmius and the Erfurtensis of Cicero: New Readings For Pro Sulla

1989 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-407
Author(s):  
D. H. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Medieval Manuscript ◽  
Sizeable Number

The Erfurtensis (E), now lat. 2°.252 in the Staatsbibliothek Preuβischer Kulturbesitz at Berlin (West), was assembled by Wibald of Corvey in the mid twelfth century, and is the most comprehensive medieval manuscript of Cicero, containing nearly half of what was eventually to survive. The manuscript as it exists today has lost one or more folios at several different points, but in some of these places readings were recorded by sixteenth and seventeenth-century scholars before the mutilations occurred. There is, however, only one lacuna where early collations survive and where, also, E is a manuscript of primary importance for the reconstruction of the text. The omission in question, caused by the removal of folios at some unknown date between the beginning of the seventeenth century and the early nineteenth century, comprises the end of pro Caecina (beginning after vincula, § 100) and virtually all pro Sulla (ending before- tundis Catilinae, §81). No readings are known to have been taken from the end of pro Caecina, but from the bulk of pro Sulla, before the manuscript as we have it resumes, a sizeable number of readings has fortunately been preserved. The tradition of pro Sulla takes the form of two branches, one consisting of Munich, Bayer. Staatsbibliothek, Clm 18787, olim Tegernseensis, (T) and all the deteriores (to), the other consisting of just two manuscripts, E and its twin, Vatican, Pal. lat. 1525 (which will be referred to as V). V comes to a halt at §43; the early collations of E are therefore of the highest importance for pro Sulla until §81, especially from §43 onwards where they comprise our only record for one of the tradition's two branches.

Pietism and German Inter-Confessional Nationalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-45
Author(s):  
Doron Avraham
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century

Abstract Beginning in the early nineteenth century, spokesmen for German nationalism invoked confessional reconciliation as a precondition for future unification. While the confessional divide between Catholics and Protestants seemed to hinder German unity, advocating ecumenical Christianity appeared to advance national consolidation. The article suggests that this endorsement of ecumenism was part of a tradition of confessional conciliation manifested in German Pietism since the seventeenth century. Early German Pietists sought ecumenical Christianity not merely in an eschatological sense, but also in a specific historical one. Nineteenth-century neo-Pietists nationalized and politicized these earlier ideas of interconfessional reconciliation.

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