scholarly journals The Contributions of the Gallo Team and the Montagnier Team to the Discovery of the AIDS Virus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Walter Kühne
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Alpha Interferon ◽  
Aids Virus ◽  
Lymphocyte Growth

In this paper I review the main works of the teams headed by Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier which led to the discovery of the HIV retrovirus and to the blood test with which one can prove HIV infection. I show that this discovery which saved millions of human lifes (and perhaps the survival of mankind) was made possible only (i) because Gallo's team discovered the T-cell lymphocyte growth factor with which they were able to discover the first retrovirus that infects humans (HTLV-I) and their hypothesis that AIDS is caused by a retrovirus, and (ii) because Montagnier's team detected an antibody against alpha interferon in order to enhance retrovirus production with which they were able to discover the HIV retrovirus and their examination and blood test that gave evidence that HIV causes AIDS. Their examination was improved by the Gallo team who proved without doubt that HIV is the cause of AIDS. I leave the question open whether Gallo deserved the Nobel Prize or whether the Nobel committee's decision to award the prize only to Montagnier and Barre-Sinoussi was correct.

scholarly journals The Contributions of the Gallo Team and the Montagnier Team to the Discovery of the AIDS Virus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Walter Kühne
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Alpha Interferon ◽  
Aids Virus ◽  
Lymphocyte Growth

In this paper I review the main works of the teams headed by Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier which led to the discovery of the HIV retrovirus and to the blood test with which one can prove HIV infection. I show that this discovery which saved millions of human lifes (and perhaps the survival of mankind) was made possible only (i) because Gallo's team discovered the T-cell lymphocyte growth factor with which they were able to discover the first retrovirus that infects humans (HTLV-I) and their hypothesis that AIDS is caused by a retrovirus, and (ii) because Montagnier's team detected an antibody against alpha interferon in order to enhance retrovirus production with which they were able to discover the HIV retrovirus and their examination and blood test that gave evidence that HIV causes AIDS. Their examination was improved by the Gallo team who proved without doubt that HIV is the cause of AIDS. I leave the question open whether Gallo deserved the Nobel Prize or whether the Nobel committee's decision to award the prize only to Montagnier and Barre-Sinoussi was correct.

Sustained low-dose growth hormone therapy optimizes bioactive insulin-like growth factor-I level and may enhance CD4 T-cell number in HIV infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ove Andersen ◽  
Birgitte Rønde Hansen ◽  
William Troensegaard ◽  
Allan Flyvbjerg ◽  
Sten Madsbad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Growth Hormone Therapy ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Factor I

The Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ Levels and their Relationship with HIV-RNA and CD4+ T Cells in HIV Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-361
Author(s):  
Gülay Okay ◽  
Meliha Meric Koc ◽  
Eray Metin Guler ◽  
Ayşegül Yabaci ◽  
Abdürrahim Kocyigit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: Serum cytokine levels over the course of HIV infection usually increase with immunosuppression and decrease after antiretroviral treatment (ART). Objectives: The aim of the study is to compare cytokine levels between HIV-infected patients (HIP) and controls and investigate the relationship between CD4+T cell count, HIV-RNA levels, and cytokine levels. Methods: The study subjects comprised ART-naive HIP (n=30) with no comorbidities and age-and sex-matched healthy controls. We measured levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in serum samples of HIP at the beginning and at month 6 of ART and in controls. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 38.7 ±10.3 years, with men making up 86.7% of the study subjects (n=26). IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in both ART-naive (p<0.001, p=0.002, p=0.001) and ART-experienced HIP (p<0.001) than controls. The IFN-γ level was lower in both ART-naive and ART-experienced HIP compared to controls (p=0.082 and p=0.002). There was a positive correlation between the CD4+T cell count and serum concentration of IFN- γ(r=0.320, p<0.05). While the serum IFN-γ concentration showed a negative correlation with the HIVRNA level(r=-0.412, p<0.001), the serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations showed a positive correlation with the HIV-RNA level (r=0.349, p<0.001; r:0.54, p<0.001; r:0.438, p<0.00). Conclusions: Although serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α showed a significant decrease after ART, they were still significantly higher than the controls. IFN-γ responded differently to ART compared to the other cytokines, indicating that it may play a distinct and important role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection.

scholarly journals Impacts of HIV infection on Vγ2Vδ2 T cell phenotype and function: a mechanism for reduced tumor immunity in AIDS

2008 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Saville Cummings ◽  
Cristiana Cairo ◽  
Cheryl Armstrong ◽  
Charles E. Davis ◽  
C. David Pauza
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
And Function
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