The Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ Levels and their Relationship with HIV-RNA and CD4+ T Cells in HIV Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-361
Author(s):  
Gülay Okay ◽  
Meliha Meric Koc ◽  
Eray Metin Guler ◽  
Ayşegül Yabaci ◽  
Abdürrahim Kocyigit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: Serum cytokine levels over the course of HIV infection usually increase with immunosuppression and decrease after antiretroviral treatment (ART). Objectives: The aim of the study is to compare cytokine levels between HIV-infected patients (HIP) and controls and investigate the relationship between CD4+T cell count, HIV-RNA levels, and cytokine levels. Methods: The study subjects comprised ART-naive HIP (n=30) with no comorbidities and age-and sex-matched healthy controls. We measured levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in serum samples of HIP at the beginning and at month 6 of ART and in controls. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 38.7 ±10.3 years, with men making up 86.7% of the study subjects (n=26). IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in both ART-naive (p<0.001, p=0.002, p=0.001) and ART-experienced HIP (p<0.001) than controls. The IFN-γ level was lower in both ART-naive and ART-experienced HIP compared to controls (p=0.082 and p=0.002). There was a positive correlation between the CD4+T cell count and serum concentration of IFN- γ(r=0.320, p<0.05). While the serum IFN-γ concentration showed a negative correlation with the HIVRNA level(r=-0.412, p<0.001), the serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations showed a positive correlation with the HIV-RNA level (r=0.349, p<0.001; r:0.54, p<0.001; r:0.438, p<0.00). Conclusions: Although serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α showed a significant decrease after ART, they were still significantly higher than the controls. IFN-γ responded differently to ART compared to the other cytokines, indicating that it may play a distinct and important role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection.

CD4+ T cell count, HIV-1 viral loads and demographic variables of newly identified patients with HIV infection in Wuhan, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 1687-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Qing Liu ◽  
Li Tang ◽  
Wen-Hua Kong ◽  
Ze-Rong Zhu ◽  
Jin-Song Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

scholarly journals 321. Low Volumetric Bone Density at Proximal Femur in HIV-Infected Men and Its Risk Factors: Comparison with Community-Dwelling Non-Infected Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S170-S170
Author(s):  
Jung Ho Kim ◽  
Namki Hong ◽  
Woon Ji Lee ◽  
Hye Seong ◽  
Jin young Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract Background Individuals with HIV infection is at increased risk of low area bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture. However, data regarding volumetric BMD (vBMD) of central bone determined by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) which can distinguish the cortical and trabecular bone component are limited. Methods From November 2017 to October 2018, we measured spine and hip vBMD in HIV-infected men aged 30 years or older at the tertiary center. QCT data were compared with 1:2 matched control by age- and body mass index (BMI) sampled from a community-based healthy individual cohort. HIV-specific risk factors for low total hip vBMD as a primary outcome were identified using multivariate linear regression models. Results A total of 83 HIV-infected men and 166 control were analyzed (mean age 47.4 vs. 47.0 year; BMI 23.3 vs. 23.7 kg/m2; P > 0.05). In HIV-infected men, vBMD of trochanter, intertrochanter and total hip was significantly lower than that of non-infected men. (198 ± 31 vs. 213 ± 32; 339 ± 50 vs. 356 ± 47; 280 ± 41 vs. 296 ± 41 mg/cc; all P < 0.05) Association between HIV infection and lower total hip vBMD remained robust (Adjusted β -14.4; P = 0.013) after adjustment for age, diabetes, smoking, and vitamin D status. In HIV cohort, low CD4 T-cell count at initial diagnosis (< 200 vs. ≥200 cells/μL; Adjusted β = −6.7, P = 0.015) and use of protease inhibitor (vs. integrase inhibitor; Adjusted β = −29.9, P = 0.029) were negatively associated with total hip vBMD, after adjustment for age, BMI, and duration of HIV infection, whereas tenofovir disoproxil fumarate use was not. (Adjusted β −12.1, P = 0.280) In HIV-infected men with low tertile total hip vBMD, the levels of β-crosslaps (0.42 ± 0.23 vs. 0.30 ± 0.16 ng/mL; P = 0.012) and osteocalcin (22.10 ± 8.65 vs. 16.57 ± 6.04 ng/mL; P = 0.001) were higher than those with middle-upper tertile total hip vBMD. Conclusion HIV-infected men had lower hip vBMD compared with age- and BMI-matched non-infected men. Low baseline CD4 T-cell count and protease inhibitor use were independent risk factors for lower total hip vBMD. High born turnover was attributable to the negative effect on born health of HIV-infected men. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals CD4+T Cell Count Decreases by Ethnicity among Untreated Patients with HIV Infection in South Africa and Switzerland

2009 ◽  
Vol 200 (11) ◽  
pp. 1729-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret May ◽  
Robin Wood ◽  
Landon Myer ◽  
Patrick Taffé ◽  
Andri Rauch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

scholarly journals LB8. Lower SARS-CoV-2 IgG and Pseudovirus Neutralization Titers Post-mRNA Vaccination among People Living with HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S805-S805
Author(s):  
Matthew A Spinelli ◽  
Michael J Peluso ◽  
Kara Lynch ◽  
Cassandra Yun ◽  
David V Glidden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Adult Medicine ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract Background Limited data are available on whether there are differences in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination by HIV status or by mRNA vaccine type. Methods We saved residual outpatient laboratory samples of all previously mRNA-vaccinated individuals in the adult medicine clinics of a public hospital with a large outpatient HIV clinic during May 2021, and then excluded individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. We next 1:1 matched 100 PLWH to 100 outpatient HIV-negative adult medicine patients receiving care for chronic medical conditions on days since completion of second vaccination (minimum 10), sex, age +/-5 years, and the type of mRNA vaccine received. We defined a non-response as reciprocal pseudovirus neutralizing titer&lt; 10 and anti-RBD IgG&lt; 10 relative fluorescent units, and compared non-response by HIV status using mixed models. Results In each matched group there were 13 women; 25 received the mRNA-1273 vaccine and 75 received the BNT162b2 vaccine; the median age was 59. The median time from second vaccination was 35 days (IQR: 20–63). Among PLWH, the median CD4+ T-cell count was 511 (IQR: 351–796) and 5 individuals had HIV RNA &gt; 200. We found 2.4-fold greater odds of pseudovirus neutralizing antibody non-response among PLWH compared to people without HIV (95% CI=1.1–5.4). Although few individuals in each group did not mount an IgG response (12 among PLWH vs. 5; p=0.08), continuous anti-RBD IgG concentrations were 43% lower among PLWH (95% CI=0.36–0.88). Among PLWH, when adjusting for age, sex, and days post-vaccination, each 100-cell increase in CD4+T-cell count was associated with 22% higher neutralizing antibody titers (GMR 1.22; 95% CI=1.09–1.37). Unsuppressed HIV RNA &gt;200 was associated with 89% lower neutralizing antibody titers (GMR 0.11; 95% CI=0.01–0.84). Receipt of the BNT162b2 vs. mRNA-1273 vaccine was associated with 77% lower neutralizing titers (GMR 0.23; 95% CI=0.08–0.65) among PLWH. Post-mRNA Vaccination SARS-CoV-2 IgG Concentrations and Pseudovirus Neutralizing Titers by HIV Status and Vaccine Conclusion PLWH had lower than expected response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, with the highest non-response among those with low CD4+ counts, unsuppressed HIV RNA, and those who received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Immunization strategies to improve immune responses among PLWH should be studied, and may include booster vaccination or preference of the mRNA-1273 vaccine in this group. Disclosures Matthew A. Spinelli, MD, MAS, Nothing to disclose Monica Gandhi, MD, MPH, Nothing to disclose

scholarly journals Continued Elevation of Interleukin-18 and Interferon-γ After Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy and Clinical Failure in a Diverse Multicountry Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Balagopal ◽  
Nikhil Gupte ◽  
Rupak Shivakoti ◽  
Andrea L. Cox ◽  
Wei-Teng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Clinical Failure ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract Background.  We assessed immune activation after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation to understand clinical failure in diverse settings. Methods.  We performed a case-control study in ACTG Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals in Resource-Limited Settings (PEARLS). Cases were defined as incident World Health Organization Stage 3 or 4 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease or death, analyzed from ART weeks 24 (ART24) to 96. Controls were randomly selected. Interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible protein-10, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α, IFN-γ, and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were measured pre-ART and at ART24 in plasma. Continued elevation was defined by thresholds set by highest pre-ART quartiles (&gt;Q3). Incident risk ratios (IRRs) for clinical progression were estimated by Poisson regression, adjusting for age, sex, treatment, country, time-updated CD4+ T-cell count, HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA), and prevalent tuberculosis. Results.  Among 99 cases and 234 controls, median baseline CD4+ T-cell count was 181 cells/µL, and HIV RNA was 5.05 log10 cp/mL. Clinical failure was independently associated with continued elevations of IL-18 (IRR, 3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–7.20), sCD14 (IRR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.02–4.62), and IFN-γ (IRR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01–0.61). Among 276 of 333 (83%) who were virologically suppressed at ART24, IFN-γ was associated with protection from failure, but the association with sCD14 was attenuated. Conclusions.  Continued IL-18 and sCD14 elevations were associated with clinical ART failure. Interferon-γ levels may reflect preserved immune function.

scholarly journals Neutrophils promote T-cell activation through the regulated release of CD44-bound Galectin-9 from the cell surface during HIV infection

PLoS Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. e3001387
Author(s):  
Garett Dunsmore ◽  
Eliana Perez Rosero ◽  
Shima Shahbaz ◽  
Deanna M. Santer ◽  
Juan Jovel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Infected Individual ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

The interaction of neutrophils with T cells has been the subject of debate and controversies. Previous studies have suggested that neutrophils may suppress or activate T cells. Despite these studies, the interaction between neutrophils and T cells has remained a largely unexplored field. Here, based on our RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, we found that neutrophils have differential transcriptional and functional profiling depending on the CD4 T-cell count of the HIV-infected individual. In particular, we identified that neutrophils in healthy individuals express surface Galectin-9 (Gal-9), which is down-regulated upon activation, and is consistently down-regulated in HIV-infected individuals. However, down-regulation of Gal-9 was associated with CD4 T-cell count of patients. Unstimulated neutrophils express high levels of surface Gal-9 that is bound to CD44, and, upon stimulation, neutrophils depalmitoylate CD44 and induce its movement out of the lipid raft. This process causes the release of Gal-9 from the surface of neutrophils. In addition, we found that neutrophil-derived exogenous Gal-9 binds to cell surface CD44 on T cells, which promotes LCK activation and subsequently enhances T-cell activation. Furthermore, this process was regulated by glycolysis and can be inhibited by interleukin (IL)-10. Together, our data reveal a novel mechanism of Gal-9 shedding from the surface of neutrophils. This could explain elevated plasma Gal-9 levels in HIV-infected individuals as an underlying mechanism of the well-characterized chronic immune activation in HIV infection. This study provides a novel role for the Gal-9 shedding from neutrophils. We anticipate that our results will spark renewed investigation into the role of neutrophils in T-cell activation in other acute and chronic conditions, as well as improved strategies for modulating Gal-9 shedding.

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