scholarly journals Rapid response of silicate weathering rates to climate change in the Himalaya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Dosseto ◽  
Nathalie Vigier ◽  
Renaud Joannes-Boyau ◽  
Ian Moffat ◽  
Tejpal Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Weathering Rates ◽  
Fluvial Terraces ◽  
Physical Erosion ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Earth’S Climate

Chemical weathering of continental rocks plays a central role in regulating the carbon cycle and the Earth’s climate (Walker et al., 1981; Berner et al., 1983), accounting for nearly half the consumption of atmospheric carbon dioxide globally (Beaulieu et al., 2012). However, the role of climate variability on chemical weathering is still strongly debated. Here we focus on the Himalayan range and use the lithium isotopic composition of clays in fluvial terraces to show a tight coupling between climate change and chemical weathering over the past 40 ka. Between 25 and 10 ka ago, weathering rates decrease despite temperature increase and monsoon intensification. This suggests that at this timescale, temperature plays a secondary role compared to runoff and physical erosion, which inhibit chemical weathering by accel-erating sediment transport and act as fundamental controls in determining the feedback between chemical weathering and atmospheric carbon dioxide.

scholarly journals Marine biodiversity–ecosystem functions under uncertain environmental futures

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1549) ◽  
pp. 2107-2116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T. Bulling ◽  
Natalie Hicks ◽  
Leigh Murray ◽  
David M. Paterson ◽  
Dave Raffaelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon

Anthropogenic activity is currently leading to dramatic transformations of ecosystems and losses of biodiversity. The recognition that these ecosystems provide services that are essential for human well-being has led to a major interest in the forms of the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship. However, there is a lack of studies examining the impact of climate change on these relationships and it remains unclear how multiple climatic drivers may affect levels of ecosystem functioning. Here, we examine the roles of two important climate change variables, temperature and concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, on the relationship between invertebrate species richness and nutrient release in a model benthic estuarine system. We found a positive relationship between invertebrate species richness and the levels of release of NH 4 -N into the water column, but no effect of species richness on the release of PO 4 -P. Higher temperatures and greater concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide had a negative impact on nutrient release. Importantly, we found significant interactions between the climate variables, indicating that reliably predicting the effects of future climate change will not be straightforward as multiple drivers are unlikely to have purely additive effects, resulting in increased levels of uncertainty.

scholarly journals Mouse Lung Structure and Function after Long-Term Exposure to an Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Level Predicted by Climate Change Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 017001
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Larcombe ◽  
Melissa G. Papini ◽  
Emily K. Chivers ◽  
Luke J. Berry ◽  
Robyn M. Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Level ◽  
Lung Structure ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE HISTORICAL CORRELATION BETWEEN ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION AND GLOBAL TEMPERATURE CHANGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Kneev Sharma ◽  
Dimitre Karamanev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Global Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon

Understanding the fundamental relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and temperature rise is essential for tackling the problem of climate change that faces us today. Misconceptions regarding the relationship are widespread due to media and political influences. This investigation aims to address the popular misconception that CO2 concentration directly and naturally leads to global temperature rise. While anthropogenic CO2 emissions seem to affect the rising global atmospheric temperature with a confidence of 95%, it falters when the historical relationship using ice core data is studied. This investigation uses two statistical approaches to determine an accurate range and direction for this important relationship. Through a combined approach, it was found that historically CO2 concentration in the last 650 000 years lags global temperature rise by 1020-1080 years with a maximum correlation coefficient of 0.8371-0.8372. This result is important for the investigation of climate change.

scholarly journals Carbon Sequestration in the Urban Areas of Seoul with Climate Change: Implication for Open Innovation in Environmental Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Don Lee ◽  
Sun-Soon Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Carbon Pool ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Decrease Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Potential Climate Change

This study estimates the impact of potential climate change, and human interference (anthropogenic deforestation), on temperate forest carbon pool change in the capital area of South Korea, using a dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM). Additionally, the characteristics of forest carbon pool change were simulated based on a biogeochemical module. The change of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is deeply related to the change of the forest carbon pool, which is estimated with the measures of Net Primary Productivity (NPP), and Soil Carbon Storage (SCS). NPP and SCS were estimated at 2.02–7.43 tC ha−1 year−1 and 34.55–84.81 tC ha−1, respectively, during the period 1971–2000. SCS showed a significant decreasing tendency under the conditions of increasing air temperature, and precipitation, in the near future (2021–2050), and far future (2071–2100), which were simulated with future-climate scenario data without any human interference. Besides, it is estimated that the temporal change in NPP indicates only a small decrease, which is little influenced by potential climate change. In the case of potential climate change plus human interference, the decrease rate of NPP and SCS were simulated at 17–33% and 21–46%, respectively, during 2000–2100. Furthermore, the effect of potential human interference contributes to 83–93% and 61–54% of the decrease rate of NPP and SCS, respectively. The decline in the forest carbon pool simulated in this study can play a positive role in increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Consequently, the effect of potential human interference can further accelerate the decline of the temperate forest carbon pool. For the effective reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in urbanizing areas, it would be more effective to control human interference. Consequently, this study suggests that a rate of reforestation corresponding to the deforestation rate should be at least maintained, with long term monitoring and modeling-related studies, against climate change problems.

scholarly journals Consumption of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide through Weathering of Ultramafic Rocks in the Voltri Massif (Italy): Quantification of the Process and Global Implications

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Francesco Frondini ◽  
Orlando Vaselli ◽  
Marino Vetuschi Zuccolini
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Co2 Consumption ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Good Proxy

Chemical weathering is the main natural mechanism limiting the atmospheric carbon dioxide levels on geologic time scales (>1 Ma) but its role on shorter time scales is still debated, highlighting the need for an increase of knowledge about the relationships between chemical weathering and atmospheric CO2 consumption. A reliable approach to study the weathering reactions is the quantification of the mass fluxes in and out of mono lithology watershed systems. In this work the chemical weathering and atmospheric carbon dioxide consumption of ultramafic rocks have been studied through a detailed geochemical mass balance of three watershed systems located in the metaophiolitic complex of the Voltri Massif (Italy). Results show that the rates of carbon dioxide consumption of the study area (weighted average = 3.02 ± 1.67 × 105 mol km−2 y−1) are higher than the world average CO2 consumption rate and are well correlated with runoff, probably the stronger weathering controlling factor. Computed values are very close to the global average of basic and ultrabasic magmatic rocks, suggesting that Voltri Massif is a good proxy for the study of the feedbacks between chemical weathering, CO2 consumption, and climate change at a global scale.

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