scholarly journals Endometrial sampling tests for the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma: a protocol of a diagnostic test accuracy systematic review

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Fawzy Nabhan
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Diagnostic Test Accuracy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Endometrial Sampling ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Improve Patient

Background: Endometrial cancer ranks as the most common gynecological cancer. An accurate detection can dramatically improve patient relevant outcomes.Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of different endometrial sampling methods for detecting endometrial carcinoma and its precursors.Search strategy: we will search the Cochrane library, Pubmed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus. We will search references of relevant studies.Selection criteria: We will include diagnostic test accuracy studies if women had an endometrial sampling followed by verification with histopathology in hysterectomy specimens. The primary target is endometrial carcinoma.Data collection and analysis: Two authors will independently screen studies, extract data, and assess methodological quality. We will use bivariate diagnostic random-effects meta-analysis.Results: This is a protocol of a diagnostic test accuracy systematic review.Conclusions: Evidence will aid in making well-informed decisions for diagnosing endometrial carcinoma. Implications for research will be outlined for future studies.

scholarly journals Use of smartphones for detecting diabetic retinopathy: a protocol for a scoping review of diagnostic test accuracy studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e028811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choon Han Tan ◽  
Willie-Henri Quah ◽  
Colin S H Tan ◽  
Helen Smith ◽  
Lorainne Tudor Car
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Diagnostic Test Accuracy ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Test Accuracy

IntroductionDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of impaired vision in adults worldwide. Early detection and treatment for DR could improve patient outcomes. Traditional methods of detecting DR include the gold standard Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study seven standard fields fundus photography, ophthalmoscopy and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. These modalities can be expensive, difficult to access and require involvement of specialised healthcare professionals. With the development of mobile phone technology, there is a growing interest in their use for DR identification as this approach is potentially more affordable, accessible and easier to use. Smartphones can be employed in a variety of ways for ophthalmoscopy including the use of smartphone camera, various attachments and artificial intelligence for obtaining and grading of retinal images. The aim of this scoping review is to determine the diagnostic test accuracy of various smartphone ophthalmoscopy approaches for detecting DR in diabetic patients.Methods and analysisWe will perform an electronic search of MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library for literature published from 2000 onwards. Two reviewers will independently analyse studies for eligibility and assess study quality using the QUADAS-2 tool. Data for a 2⨉2 contingency table will be extracted. If possible, we will pool sensitivity and specificity data using the random-effects model and construct a summary receiver operating characteristic curve. In case of high heterogeneity, we will present the findings narratively. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis will be performed where appropriate.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review aims to provide an overview of smartphone ophthalmoscopy in DR identification. It will present findings on the accuracy of smartphone ophthalmoscopy in detecting DR, identify gaps in the literature and provide recommendations for future research. This review does not require ethical approval as we will not collect primary data.

scholarly journals A systematic review of brief screeners for suicidal behaviour in primary care

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline Lukaschek ◽  
Milena Frank ◽  
Kathrin Halfter ◽  
Antonius Schneider ◽  
Jochen Gensichen
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Diagnostic Test Accuracy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Index Tests

Abstract Background: As primary contacts, general practitioners can play a pivotal role in identifying suicidal behaviour in their patients. A brief instrument could help in identifying vulnerable patients. We summarized the available studies reporting diagnostic accuracy of short screening instruments for suicidal behaviour in primary care or the general population in a narrative synthesis. Methods: The databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, PSYNDEX, and Cochrane Library were searched in January 2019 without any time constraints. Risk of bias and applicability concerns were assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. The certainty of evidence was rated via GRADEpro. The authors followed the PRISMA extensions for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies. Results: We identified a total of 9 969 studies with our search strategy. After the selection process, six relevant studies fulfilled all criteria and were included. They used the following index tests: Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Suicidal Ideation Screening Questionnaire, Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale, Gate question suicide attempt, Gate question suicidal ideation, Feeling suicidal, Wishing you were dead, Thoughts of death and Patient-Health-Questionaire-9 - item 9. The diagnostic accuracy measurements sensitivity and specificity had a wide range (sensitivity: 26% - 100%, specificity: 64% - 99%). Risk of bias was rated moderate and concerns regarding applicability acceptable. A required sensitivity of at least 80% and specificity of 50% with a moderate to high GRADE rating was achieved by six of nine index tests. Conclusions: The identified studies were heterogeneous regarding sample size, index test and reference standard. Even though screening of suicidal behaviour in primary care is already recommended by several guidelines, there are only few screeners in primary care that have been examined regarding their diagnostic accuracy. Although they can assist GPs in their judgement of suicidal behaviour of patients at risk, the final assessment is always based on the clinical judgement of the attending physician. Further diagnostic test accuracy studies of promising short questionnaires are needed. Registration: The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO (ID: CRD42019122173).

scholarly journals HPV tests for cervical cancer screening in low resource settings: a protocol of a DTA systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Magdi ◽  
Farida Elshafeey ◽  
Mohamed Elshebiny ◽  
Menna kamel ◽  
Yasmeen Gamal Abuelnaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Diagnostic Test Accuracy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Hpv Test

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) tests for cervical cancer screening in low resource settings might improve early detection and preventive efforts. Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of HPV tests for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN 2+) in low resource settings.Search strategy: we will search the Cochrane library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus. We will search references of relevant studies. Selection criteria: We will include diagnostic test accuracy studies if women had an HPV test for cervical cancer screening, followed by verification with colposcopy and colposcopy-directed biopsy. The primary target is CIN2+. Data collection and analysis: Two authors will independently screen studies, extract data, and assess methodological quality. We will use bivariate diagnostic random-effects meta-analysis.Results: This is the protocol of a diagnostic test accuracy systematic review.Conclusions: Evidence will aid in making well-informed decisions for cervical cancer screening in low resource settings. Implications for research will be outlined for future studies.

scholarly journals Can serum autoantibodies be a potential early detection biomarker for breast cancer in women? a diagnostic test accuracy review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thejas Kathrikolly ◽  
Sreekumaran Nair ◽  
Aju Mathew ◽  
Prakash Saxena ◽  
Suma Nair
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cyclin B1 ◽  
Diagnostic Test Accuracy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Abstract Background The increasing incidence of breast cancer necessitates the need to explore alternate screening strategies that circumvent the setbacks of conventional techniques specially among population that report earlier age at diagnosis. Serum autoantibodies is one such potential area of interest. However, their ubiquitous presence across cancer types limits its applicability to any one specific type of cancer. This review was therefore carried out to explore and consolidate available evidence on autoantibodies for early detection of breast cancer and to identify those that demonstrated a higher sensitivity. Methods A diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) review was carried out to ascertain serum autoantibodies that could be used for early detection of breast cancer among women. All relevant articles that investigated the role of autoantibodies in early detection of breast cancer were included for the review. MEDLINE, Scopus, ProQuest, Ovid SP and Cochrane Library were searched extensively for eligible studies. Quality of the included studies was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) -2 tool. RevMan 5.3 was used for exploratory and MetaDTA 2019 for hierarchical analyses. The review helped identify the most frequently investigated autoantibodies and a meta-analysis further consolidated the findings. Results A total of 53 articles were included for the final analysis that reported over a 100 autoantibodies that were studied for early detection of breast cancer in women. P53, MUC1, HER2, HSP60, P16, Cyclin B1 and c-Myc were the most frequently investigated autoantibodies. Of these P53, MUC1, HER2 and HSP60 exhibited higher summary sensitivity measures. While the individual pooled sensitivity estimates ranged between 10–56%, the panel sensitivity values reported across studies were higher with an estimated range of 60–87%. Conclusion Findings from the review indicate a higher sensitivity for an autoantibody panel in comparison to individual assays. A panel comprising of P53, MUC1, HER2 and HSP60 autoantibodies has the potential to be investigated as an early detection biomarker for breast cancer.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of urate-lowering therapy in people with kidney impairment: a GCAN-initiated literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish Farquhar ◽  
Ana B Vargas-Santos ◽  
Huai Leng Pisaniello ◽  
Mark Fisher ◽  
Catherine Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Kidney Impairment ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the efficacy, defined as achieving target serum urate <6.0 mg/dl, and safety of urate-lowering therapies (ULT) for people with gout and CKD stages 3–5. Methods PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and EMBASE, were searched from 1 January 1959 to 31 January 2018 for studies that enrolled people with gout, who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or creatinine clearance (CrCl) of < 60 mL/min, and exposure to allopurinol, febuxostat, probenecid, benzbromarone, lesinurad or pegloticase. All study designs other than case reports were included, except for people on dialysis, for which we did include case reports. Results There were 36 reports with an analysis of efficacy and/or safety based upon renal function – allopurinol (n = 12), febuxostat (n = 10), probenecid (n = 3), benzbromarone (n = 5), lesinurad (n = 5), and pegloticase (n = 1). There were 108 reports that involved people with gout and renal impairment but did not contain any analysis on efficacy and/or safety based upon renal function – allopurinol (n = 84), febuxostat (n = 14), benzbromarone (n = 1), lesinurad (n = 3), and pegloticase (n = 6). Most studies excluded people with more severe degrees of renal impairment (eGFR or CrCl of < 30mL/min). For allopurinol in particular, there was significant variability in the dose of drug used, and efficacy in terms of urate lowering, across all levels of renal impairment. Conclusion There is a lack of evidence regarding efficacy and/or safety of currently used ULT according to different levels of renal function. Future studies should include patients with CKD and should report study outcomes stratified by renal function.

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