scholarly journals Beauty of Life in Dynamical Systems: An Aesthetic Viewpoint of Life

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
soumya banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Definition Of Life ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Aesthetic Sense ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Answering Questions

This submission emphasizes the beauty of mathematics and dynamical systems especially in questions around origin of life. Our conception of life is shaped by what we see around us on Earth. What life forms might we expect to see on alien planets? Would they be carbon-based like us or can they be even more exotic? Answering questions like these mean we must come up with an objective definition of life. We have previously hypothesized that an objective definition of life is that it should be capable of information processing.Our work also suggests that we may need an “aesthetic sense” to recognize life we have never seen before. Such aesthetic versions of life-like systems can be generated using the computational framework presented here. Our computational framework combines dynamical systems with deep learning to generate aesthetically appealing forms of life-like systems.

scholarly journals The Generalized Definition of Life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
vivek kumar
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Definition Of Life ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Life On Earth

In this article, I propose and discuss a new definition of life. This new definition considers reproduction and evolution as major aspects of life. It brings into consideration a variety of other life forms like inorganic life, etc. In this study, I aim to present the possibility of various life forms and some of their properties, which might help understand the origin of life on earth and the existence of life in other parts of the cosmos. This new proposed definition of life is independent of the mode of evolution and general enough to consider all potential life forms. This article uses NASA’s definition of life as a structure to derive this generalized definition of life. Finding and exploring new living systems will definitely be very helpful in understanding the aspects of life. In order to explain some complex life forms, a new concept of addition of living systems is introduced in this article. This study underscores the need for further work to understand the origin and properties of living systems.

What is life?

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Maynard Smith ◽  
Eors Szathmary
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Definition Of Life ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Life On Earth

Imagine that, when the first spacemen step out of their craft onto the surface of one of the moons of Jupiter, they are confronted by an object the size of a horse, rolling towards them on wheels, and bearing on its back a concave disc pointing towards the Sun. They will at once conclude that the object is alive, or has been made by something alive. If all they find is a purple smear on the surface of the rocks, they will have to work harder to decide. This is the phenotypic approach to the definition of life: a thing is alive if it has parts, or ‘organs’, which perform functions. William Paley explained the machine-like nature of life by the existence of a creator: today, we would invoke natural selection. There are, however, dangers in assuming that any entity with the properties of a self-regulating machine is alive, or an artefact. In section 2.2, we tell the story of a self-regulating atomic reactor, the Oklo reactor, which is neither. This story can be taken in one of three ways. First, it shows the dangers of the phenotypic definition of life: not all complex entities are alive. Second, it illustrates how the accidents of history can give rise spontaneously to surprisingly complex machine-like entities. The relevance of this to the origin of life is obvious. In essence, the problem is the following. How could chemical and physical processes give rise, without natural selection, to entities capable of hereditary replication, which would therefore, from then on, evolve by natural selection? The Oklo reactor is an example of what can happen. Finally, section 2.2 can simply be skipped: the events were interesting, but do not resemble in detail those that led to the origin of life on Earth. There is an alternative to the phenotypic definition of life. It is to define as alive any entities that have the properties of multiplication, variation and heredity. The logic behind this definition, first proposed by Muller (1966), is that a population of entities with these properties will evolve by natural selection, and hence can be expected to acquire the complex adaptations for survival and reproduction that are characteristic of living things.

Explaining the Origin of Life is not Enough for a Definition of Life

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Jagers op Akkerhuis
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Definition Of Life ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Definition Of

On the applicability of dialetheism and philosophy of identity to the definition of life

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera M. Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Life Forms ◽  
Definition Of Life ◽  
Individual Organism ◽  
Numerical Identity ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Important Idea ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractWe have found that the principles of dialetheism, which state that some contradictions (typically at the limits of a system) may be true, and which amply demonstrate the limits of thought and conception, can be valuable in sorting out and clarifying some astrobiological problems that impede our ability to define life. The examples include the classification of viruses as alive or not alive, and the description of the transition zone for the abiotic-to-biotic transition. Dialetheism gives us the philosophical tool to state that the viruses may be both alive and not alive, and that chemical systems may exist that are both abiotic and biotic.We have extracted some philosophical principles of the identity and have applied them to the identity of living organisms and their life forms. The first and most important idea is that we should define an individual organism via its numerical identity. For each organism its identity will be in relation to itself. As the organism undergoes various changes during its development, and as it transitions from one to the next of its life forms, one can observe numerous qualitative differences between these life forms. Although the life forms change and the organism is in a flux, what remains constant is the numerical identity of the organism. If the organism reproduces, for example by a fission mode, then the daughter cells will have their own numerical identity. We can state that the life of an organism is a sum of all its life forms over the period of time of the existence of the organism. Reproduction, particularly by fission, represents an identity dilemma, but it can be resolved by Gallois' occasional identities theory.

scholarly journals BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE IN METEORITES MAY LEAD TO PANSPERMIA ORIGIN OF LIFE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 235-251
Author(s):  
Y. V. Subba Rao
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Electromagnetic Force ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Universe

              The current hypothesis leads to the panspermia origin of life, which is based on the scientific principle of electromagnetic force interaction with matter. Electromagnetic force (Sunlight) interacts with inorganic chemistry available to us given out by the stars in the universe plausibly triggers the formation of extra-terrestrial biological molecules of proto cells under abiotic conditions, as evidenced by their presence in meteorites.' Proto cells’ might theoretically give rise to living organisms with a manifested soul, allowing 'Ribose' to be formed from ice grains hit by sunlight for RNA and DNA at the same time. The presence of life's building blocks and other important organic chemicals like ribose in meteorites, including some microscopic life forms that aren't native to Earth, may have led to the 'Panspermia Origin of Life' and the 'Evolution of Life on Earth' which is evidenced by the definition of 'Meteorites' in Vedic Scriptures, such as the "Bhagavad Gita" (3000 BC) and "Brihat Samhita" (520 AD) that they are the souls of righteous people who have returned to earth to be reborn.

scholarly journals In Medias Res: A Resolution of Some False Dichotomies in Origins of Life Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Frohlich ◽  
Richard Austin Choate
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Body Problem ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Origins Of Life ◽  
Definition Of Life ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Mind Body Problem ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Mind

In this paper, we address some of the false dichotomies that pervade contemporary scientific and philosophical research about the origin of life. These dichotomies can be divided into two categories, the methodological and the conceptual. In the first case, we focus on providing an alternative to the problems and paradoxes which arise from trying to eliminate a definition of life from scientific research into life’s origins. In the second case, we illustrate how origin of life research is confined by the same conceptual paradigm which continues to plague the mind-body problem. Based on this analysis, we then offer some general criteria that a definition of life should meet.

scholarly journals TOWARDS AN UNIFIED FRAMEWORK FOR VALIDATING DEEP LEARNING METHODS FOR COLORECTAL POLYPS: FIRST STEPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L F Sánchez Peralta ◽  
J F Ortega Morán ◽  
Cr L Saratxaga ◽  
J B Pagador ◽  
A Picón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
Polyp Detection ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Endoscopic Image ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Great Utility ◽  
Adenoma Detection ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Basic Features

Abstract INTRODUCTION Deep learning techniques have significantly contributed to the field of medical imaging analysis. In case of colorectal cancer, they have shown a great utility for increasing the adenoma detection rate at colonoscopy, but a common validation methodology is still missing. In this study, we present preliminary efforts towards the definition of a validation framework. MATERIAL AND METHODS Different models based on different backbones and encoder-decoder architectures have been trained with a publicly available dataset that contains white light and NBI colonoscopy videos, with 76 different lesions from colonoscopy procedures in 48 human patients. A computer aided detection (CADe) demonstrator has been implemented to show the performance of the models. RESULTS This CADe demonstrator shows the areas detected as polyp by overlapping the predicted mask on the endoscopic image. It allows selecting the video to be used, among those from the test set. Although it only present basic features such as play, pause and moving to the next video, it easily loads the model and allows for visualization of results. The demonstrator is accompanied by a set of metrics to be used depending on the aimed task: polyp detection, localization and segmentation. CONCLUSIONS The use of this CADe demonstrator, together with a publicly available dataset and predefined metrics will allow for an easier and more fair comparison of methods. Further work is still required to validate the proposed framework.

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