scholarly journals BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE IN METEORITES MAY LEAD TO PANSPERMIA ORIGIN OF LIFE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 235-251
Author(s):  
Y. V. Subba Rao
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Electromagnetic Force ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Universe

              The current hypothesis leads to the panspermia origin of life, which is based on the scientific principle of electromagnetic force interaction with matter. Electromagnetic force (Sunlight) interacts with inorganic chemistry available to us given out by the stars in the universe plausibly triggers the formation of extra-terrestrial biological molecules of proto cells under abiotic conditions, as evidenced by their presence in meteorites.' Proto cells’ might theoretically give rise to living organisms with a manifested soul, allowing 'Ribose' to be formed from ice grains hit by sunlight for RNA and DNA at the same time. The presence of life's building blocks and other important organic chemicals like ribose in meteorites, including some microscopic life forms that aren't native to Earth, may have led to the 'Panspermia Origin of Life' and the 'Evolution of Life on Earth' which is evidenced by the definition of 'Meteorites' in Vedic Scriptures, such as the "Bhagavad Gita" (3000 BC) and "Brihat Samhita" (520 AD) that they are the souls of righteous people who have returned to earth to be reborn.

scholarly journals The Origin of Life on Earth and the Design of Alternative Life Forms

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack W. Szostak
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Artificial Life ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
Synthetic Chemistry ◽  
Broad Scope ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Life On Earth

To understand the origin of life on Earth, and to evaluate the potential for life on exoplanets, we must understand the pathways that lead from chemistry to biology. Recent experiments suggest that a chemically rich environment that provides the building blocks of membranes, nucleic acids and peptides, along with sources of chemical energy, could result in the emergence of replicating, evolving cells. The broad scope of synthetic chemistry suggests that it may be possible to design and construct artificial life forms based upon a very different biochemistry than that of existing biology.

scholarly journals The Generalized Definition of Life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
vivek kumar
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Definition Of Life ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Life On Earth

In this article, I propose and discuss a new definition of life. This new definition considers reproduction and evolution as major aspects of life. It brings into consideration a variety of other life forms like inorganic life, etc. In this study, I aim to present the possibility of various life forms and some of their properties, which might help understand the origin of life on earth and the existence of life in other parts of the cosmos. This new proposed definition of life is independent of the mode of evolution and general enough to consider all potential life forms. This article uses NASA’s definition of life as a structure to derive this generalized definition of life. Finding and exploring new living systems will definitely be very helpful in understanding the aspects of life. In order to explain some complex life forms, a new concept of addition of living systems is introduced in this article. This study underscores the need for further work to understand the origin and properties of living systems.

scholarly journals Defining the envelope for the search for life in the Universe

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (H15) ◽  
pp. 697-698
Author(s):  
Lynn J. Rothschild
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Theoretical Possibility ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Set Constraints ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Universe

AbstractThe search for life in the universe relies on defining the limits for life and finding suitable conditions for its origin and evolution elsewhere. From the biological perspective, a conservative approach uses life on earth to set constraints on the environments in which life can live. Conditions for the origin of life, even on earth, cannot yet be defined with certainty. Thus, we will describe what is known about conditions for the origin of life and limits to life on earth as a template for life elsewhere, with a particular emphasis on such physical and chemical parameters as temperature, pH, salinity, desiccation and radiation. But, other life forms could exist, thus extending the theoretical possibility for life elsewhere. Yet, this potential is not limitless, and so constraints for life in the universe will be suggested.

A Roadmap for a Computational Theory of the Value of Information in Origin of Life Questions: General Summary

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
soumya banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Value Of Information ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Computational Theory ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Carbon Based

We propose a computational theory of life. We hypothesize that carbon-based life forms are only one among a continuum of life-like systems in the universe. Investigations into the role of computational substrates that allow information processing is important and could yield insights into: a) novel non-carbon based computational substrates that may have "life-like" properties, and b) how life may have actually originated from non-life on Earth. Life may exist as a continuum between non-life and life and we may have to revise our notion of life and how common it is in the universe. Looking at life or life-like phenomenon through the lens of information theory may yield a broader view of life.

scholarly journals From cosmos to intelligent life: the four ages of astrobiology

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Gleiser
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
First Stars ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Intelligent Life

AbstractThe history of life on Earth and in other potential life-bearing planetary platforms is deeply linked to the history of the Universe. Since life, as we know, relies on chemical elements forged in dying heavy stars, the Universe needs to be old enough for stars to form and evolve. The current cosmological theory indicates that the Universe is 13.7 ± 0.13 billion years old and that the first stars formed hundreds of millions of years after the Big Bang. At least some stars formed with stable planetary systems wherein a set of biochemical reactions leading to life could have taken place. In this paper, I argue that we can divide cosmological history into four ages, from the Big Bang to intelligent life. The physical age describes the origin of the Universe, of matter, of cosmic nucleosynthesis, as well as the formation of the first stars and Galaxies. The chemical age began when heavy stars provided the raw ingredients for life through stellar nucleosynthesis and describes how heavier chemical elements collected in nascent planets and Moons gave rise to prebiotic biomolecules. The biological age describes the origin of early life, its evolution through Darwinian natural selection and the emergence of complex multicellular life forms. Finally, the cognitive age describes how complex life evolved into intelligent life capable of self-awareness and of developing technology through the directed manipulation of energy and materials. I conclude discussing whether we are the rule or the exception.

What is life?

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Maynard Smith ◽  
Eors Szathmary
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Definition Of Life ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Life On Earth

Imagine that, when the first spacemen step out of their craft onto the surface of one of the moons of Jupiter, they are confronted by an object the size of a horse, rolling towards them on wheels, and bearing on its back a concave disc pointing towards the Sun. They will at once conclude that the object is alive, or has been made by something alive. If all they find is a purple smear on the surface of the rocks, they will have to work harder to decide. This is the phenotypic approach to the definition of life: a thing is alive if it has parts, or ‘organs’, which perform functions. William Paley explained the machine-like nature of life by the existence of a creator: today, we would invoke natural selection. There are, however, dangers in assuming that any entity with the properties of a self-regulating machine is alive, or an artefact. In section 2.2, we tell the story of a self-regulating atomic reactor, the Oklo reactor, which is neither. This story can be taken in one of three ways. First, it shows the dangers of the phenotypic definition of life: not all complex entities are alive. Second, it illustrates how the accidents of history can give rise spontaneously to surprisingly complex machine-like entities. The relevance of this to the origin of life is obvious. In essence, the problem is the following. How could chemical and physical processes give rise, without natural selection, to entities capable of hereditary replication, which would therefore, from then on, evolve by natural selection? The Oklo reactor is an example of what can happen. Finally, section 2.2 can simply be skipped: the events were interesting, but do not resemble in detail those that led to the origin of life on Earth. There is an alternative to the phenotypic definition of life. It is to define as alive any entities that have the properties of multiplication, variation and heredity. The logic behind this definition, first proposed by Muller (1966), is that a population of entities with these properties will evolve by natural selection, and hence can be expected to acquire the complex adaptations for survival and reproduction that are characteristic of living things.

The Origin of Life on Earth and in the Universe

2006 ◽  
pp. 147-198
Author(s):  
Jordi Llorca ◽  
Malcolm E. Schrader ◽  
Pasquale Stano ◽  
Francesca Ferri ◽  
Pier Luigi Luisi
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Universe

scholarly journals Partitioning of amino acids and proteins into decanol using phase transfer agents towards understanding life in non-polar liquids

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke Thompson ◽  
Kayla Burt ◽  
Andrew Lee ◽  
Kyle Lingard ◽  
Sarah E. Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Charged Aerosol ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Emergence Of Life ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Transfer Agents

AbstractWater has many roles in the context of life on Earth, however throughout the universe, other liquids may be able to support the emergence of life. We looked at the ability of amino acids, peptides, a depsipeptide, and proteins to partition into a non-polar decanol phase, with and without the addition of a phase transfer agent. Partitioning evaluated using UV detection, or with HPLC coupled to either charged aerosol detection or ESI-MS. For amino acids and short peptides, phase transfer agents were used to move the biomolecules to the decanol phase, and this transfer was pH dependent. For larger molecules, phase transfer agents did not seem to affect the transfer. Both the depsipetide, valinomycin, and the protein Taq DNA polymerase had solubility in the decanol phase. Additionally, valinomycin appeared to retain its biological ability to bind to potassium ions. These results show that most terrestrial biological molecules are not compatible with non-polar solvents, but it is possible to find and perhaps evolve polymers that are functional in such phases.

scholarly journals Replaying the tape of life in the twenty-first century

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 20150057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Orgogozo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
First Century ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Life On Earth

Should the tape of life be replayed, would it produce similar living beings? A classical answer has long been ‘no’, but accumulating data are now challenging this view. Repeatability in experimental evolution, in phenotypic evolution of diverse species and in the genes underlying phenotypic evolution indicates that despite unpredictability at the level of basic evolutionary processes (such as apparition of mutations), a certain kind of predictability can emerge at higher levels over long time periods. For instance, a survey of the alleles described in the literature that cause non-deleterious phenotypic differences among animals, plants and yeasts indicates that similar phenotypes have often evolved in distinct taxa through independent mutations in the same genes. Does this mean that the range of possibilities for evolution is limited? Does this mean that we can predict the outcomes of a replayed tape of life? Imagining other possible paths for evolution runs into four important issues: (i) resolving the influence of contingency, (ii) imagining living organisms that are different from the ones we know, (iii) finding the relevant concepts for predicting evolution, and (iv) estimating the probability of occurrence for complex evolutionary events that occurred only once during the evolution of life on earth.

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