scholarly journals Tic suppression in children with recent-onset tics predicts one-year tic outcome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyoung Kim ◽  
Deanna Greene ◽  
Amy Robichaux-Viehoever ◽  
Emily C. Bihun ◽  
Jonathan Koller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Contingent Reward ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Baseline Visit ◽  
Tic Suppression ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
Symptom Outcome ◽  
One Year

Background: Successful voluntary tic suppression is a key component of the behavioral interventions that are used to treat tic disorders. Objective: This study aimed to examine tic suppression in children with recent-onset tics and determine whether the capacity to suppress tics predicts futures tic severity. Methods: We tested 45 children (30 male, mean age 7.74 years) with recent-onset tics (mean 3.47 months prior to the first study visit; baseline) and re-examined each child at the 12-month anniversary of the first recognized tic (follow-up). At the baseline visit, children performed a tic suppression task with several conditions: tic freely, inhibit tics given a verbal request, and inhibit tics in the presence of a reward. Results: At the baseline visit, children with tics for only a few months could suppress their tics, and tic suppression was especially successful when they received immediate and contingent reward. Additionally, the ability to suppress tics in the presence of a reward predicted tic severity at follow-up. Conclusion: These findings suggest that better inhibitory control of tics within months of tic onset may be an important predictor of future tic symptom outcome.

scholarly journals Tic Suppression in Children With Recent-Onset Tics Predicts 1-Year Tic Outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyoung Kim ◽  
Deanna J. Greene ◽  
Amy Robichaux-Viehoever ◽  
Emily C. Bihun ◽  
Jonathan M. Koller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Contingent Reward ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Baseline Visit ◽  
Tic Suppression ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
Symptom Outcome

Successful voluntary tic suppression is a key component of the behavioral interventions that are used to treat tic disorders. This study aimed to examine tic suppression in children with recent-onset tics and determine whether the capacity to suppress tics predicts future tic severity. We tested 45 children (30 male, mean age 7.74 years) with recent-onset tics (mean 3.47 months prior to the first study visit; baseline) and re-examined each child at the 12-month anniversary of the first recognized tic (follow-up). At the baseline visit, children performed a tic suppression task with several conditions: tic freely, inhibit tics given a verbal request, and inhibit tics in the presence of a reward. At the baseline visit, children with tics for only a few months could suppress their tics, and tic suppression was especially successful when they received an immediate and contingent reward. Additionally, the ability to suppress tics in the presence of a reward predicted tic severity at follow-up. These findings suggest that better inhibitory control of tics within months of tic onset may be an important predictor of future tic symptom outcome.

scholarly journals Transient tics aren't: Outcome of recent-onset tic disorder at one year

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyoung Kim ◽  
Deanna Greene ◽  
Emily C. Bihun ◽  
Jonathan Koller ◽  
Jackie Hampton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Data ◽  
Clinical Teaching ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
Autism Spectrum Symptoms ◽  
One Year

Motor and vocal tics are common in childhood. The received wisdom among clinicians is that for most children the tics are temporary, disappearing within a few months. However, that common clinical teaching is based largely on biased and incomplete data. The present study was designed to prospectively assess outcome of children with what the current nomenclature calls Provisional Tic Disorder. We identified 43 children with recent onset tics (mean 3.3 months since tic onset) and re-examined 39 of them on the 12-month anniversary of their first tic. Tic symptoms improved on a group level at the 12-month follow-up, and only two children had more than minimal impairment due to tics. Remarkably, however, tics were present in all children at follow-up, although in several cases tics were apparent only when the child was observed remotely by video. Our results suggest that remission of Provisional Tic Disorder is the exception rather than the rule. We also identified several clinical features present at the first examination that predict one-year outcome; these include baseline tic severity, subsyndromal autism spectrum symptoms, and the presence of an anxiety disorder.

The Iowa Longitudinal Study of Recent Onset Psychosis: One-year follow-up of first episode patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Gupta ◽  
Nancy C. Andreasen ◽  
Stephan Arndt ◽  
Michael Flaum ◽  
William C. Hubbard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals Hippocampal Volume in Provisional Tic Disorder Predicts Tic Severity at 12-Month Follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1715
Author(s):  
Soyoung Kim ◽  
Deanna J. Greene ◽  
Carolina Badke D’Andrea ◽  
Emily C. Bihun ◽  
Jonathan M. Koller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
One Year ◽  
Important Marker

Previous studies have investigated differences in the volumes of subcortical structures (e.g., caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus) between individuals with and without Tourette syndrome (TS), as well as the relationships between these volumes and tic symptom severity. These volumes may also predict clinical outcome in Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD), but that hypothesis has never been tested. This study aimed to examine whether the volumes of subcortical structures measured shortly after tic onset can predict tic symptom severity at one-year post-tic onset, when TS can first be diagnosed. We obtained T1-weighted structural MRI scans from 41 children with PTD (25 with prospective motion correction (vNavs)) whose tics had begun less than 9 months (mean 4.04 months) prior to the first study visit (baseline). We re-examined them at the 12-month anniversary of their first tic (follow-up), assessing tic severity using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. We quantified the volumes of subcortical structures using volBrain software. Baseline hippocampal volume was correlated with tic severity at the 12-month follow-up, with a larger hippocampus at baseline predicting worse tic severity at follow-up. The volumes of other subcortical structures did not significantly predict tic severity at follow-up. Hippocampal volume may be an important marker in predicting prognosis in Provisional Tic Disorder.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a cognitive psychophysiological model for management of tic disorders: an open trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieron O'Connor ◽  
Marc Lavoie ◽  
Pierre Blanchet ◽  
Marie-Ève St-Pierre-Delorme
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Open Trial ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
Chronic Tic Disorder ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
Sensorimotor Processes

BackgroundTic disorders, in particular chronic tic disorder and Tourette syndrome, affect about 1% of the population. The current treatment of choice is pharmacological or behavioural, addressing tics or the premonitory urges preceding tic onset.AimsThe current study reports an open trial evaluating the effectiveness of a cognitive psychophysiological treatment addressing Tourette-specific sensorimotor activation processes rather than the tic.MethodForty-nine people with Tourette syndrome and 36 people with chronic tics completed 10 weeks of individual cognitive psychophysiological therapy. Outcome measures included two tic severity scales and psychosocial measures.ResultsPost-treatment both groups had significantly improved on the tic scales with strong effect sizes across tic locations and complex and simple tics, maintained at 6-month follow-up with further change in perfectionism and self-esteem.ConclusionsThe cognitive psychophysiological approach targeting underlying sensorimotor processes rather than tics in Tourette's and chronic tic disorder reduced symptoms with a large effect size.

scholarly journals Impaired automatic but intact volitional inhibition in primary tic disorders

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 906-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Rawji ◽  
Sachin Modi ◽  
Anna Latorre ◽  
Lorenzo Rocchi ◽  
Leanne Hockey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Masked Priming ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Movement Preparation ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Tic Suppression ◽  
Initial Excitation ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract The defining character of tics is that they can be transiently suppressed by volitional effort of will, and at a behavioural level this has led to the concept that tics result from a failure of inhibition. However, this logic conflates the mechanism responsible for the production of tics with that used in suppressing them. Volitional inhibition of motor output could be increased to prevent the tic from reaching the threshold for expression, although this has been extensively investigated with conflicting results. Alternatively, automatic inhibition could prevent the initial excitation of the striatal tic focus—a hypothesis we have previously introduced. To reconcile these competing hypotheses, we examined different types of motor inhibition in a group of 19 patients with primary tic disorders and 15 healthy volunteers. We probed proactive and reactive inhibition using the conditional stop-signal task, and applied transcranial magnetic stimulation to the motor cortex, to assess movement preparation and execution. We assessed automatic motor inhibition with the masked priming task. We found that volitional movement preparation, execution and inhibition (proactive and reactive) were not impaired in tic disorders. We speculate that these mechanisms are recruited during volitional tic suppression, and that they prevent expression of the tic by inhibiting the nascent excitation released by the tic generator. In contrast, automatic inhibition was abnormal/impaired in patients with tic disorders. In the masked priming task, positive and negative compatibility effects were found for healthy controls, whereas patients with tics exhibited strong positive compatibility effects, but no negative compatibility effect indicative of impaired automatic inhibition. Patients also made more errors on the masked priming task than healthy control subjects and the types of errors were consistent with impaired automatic inhibition. Errors associated with impaired automatic inhibition were positively correlated with tic severity. We conclude that voluntary movement preparation/generation and volitional inhibition are normal in tic disorders, whereas automatic inhibition is impaired—a deficit that correlated with tic severity and thus may constitute a potential mechanism by which tics are generated.

Lymphocyte transfusion in recent onset type I diabetes mellitus—A one-year follow-up of cell-mediated anti-islet cytotoxicity and C-peptide secretion

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Krug ◽  
Hans-Joachim Verlohren ◽  
Bernd Bierwolf ◽  
Eberhard Lampeter ◽  
Michael Borte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Type I Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type I ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Onset Type ◽  
One Year ◽  
Peptide Secretion

scholarly journals Predicting Clinical Course from Subcortical Shape in Provisional Tic Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffanie Che ◽  
Soyoung Kim ◽  
Deanna J. Greene ◽  
Ashley Heywood ◽  
Jimin Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
Surface Maps ◽  
Chronic Tic Disorder ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
Group A ◽  
Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping

The ongoing NewTics study examines children who have had tics for less than 9 months (NT group) - a population on which little research exists. Here, we further investigate relationships between subcortical shape and tic symptom outcomes. 138 children were assessed at baseline and a 12-month follow-up: 79 with NT, 27 tic-free healthy controls (HC), and 32 with chronic tic disorder or Tourette syndrome (TS), using T1-weighted MRI and total tic scores (TTS) from the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale to evaluate symptom change. Subcortical surface maps were generated using FreeSurfer-initialized large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping, and linear regression models were constructed to correlate structural shapes with TTS while accounting for covariates, with relationships mapped onto structure surfaces. When compared to healthy controls, smaller mean volumes were found in the TS group for the caudate, nucleus accumbens, pallidum, and thalamus. NT had smaller mean volumes than controls in the caudate, pallidum, and thalamus. Surface maps illustrate distinct patterns of inward deformation (localized volume loss) in the TS group compared to NT children. In the NT group, a larger hippocampus at baseline significantly correlated with the worsening of tic symptoms at 12 months. Outward deformation in the hippocampus and inward deformation in the accumbens at baseline are also related to worsening tic symptoms at follow-up. Since the NT group has had tics only for a few months, we can rule out the possibility that these subcortical volume differences are caused by living with tics for years; they are more likely related to the cause of tics. These observations constitute some of the first prognostic biomarkers for tic disorders and suggest localized circuitry that may be associated with outcome of tic disorders.

scholarly journals One-year outcome of manualised behavior therapy of chronic tic disorders in children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Nissen ◽  
A. H. Carlsen ◽  
P. H. Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Habit Reversal Training ◽  
Tic Severity ◽  
Chronic Tic Disorders

Abstract Background Chronic tic disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders that can be treated with Habit Reversal Training (HRT) and Exposure Response Prevention (ERP). Intermediate and long-term effects have been examined after individual treatment with HRT, whereas evaluation of long-term outcome after an initial treatment with ERP, or a combination of HRT and ERP is lacking. The present study examines the long-term effect after a combined treatment with HRT and ERP delivered in an individual or a group setting Methods Fifty-nine children and adolescents diagnosed with a chronic tic disorder were randomised to manualised treatment combining HRT and ERP as individual or group training. Forty-seven were re-examined 1 year after acute outcome. Outcome measures included Total Tic Severity score (TTS) measured by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and Beliefs About Tics Scale (BATS) Results In a mixed model, it was shown that the initial improvement with both individual and group treatment was maintained throughout the follow-up period. There were no significant differences between the two methods of treatment delivery. Of all participants completing the 12 months evaluation, 74.4% were considered responders. There was a significant positive association between the reduction of TTS and the reduction in BATS. In a latent class post-treatment trajectory analysis, two classes were identified, where high baseline severity increased the likelihood of being in the lesser responder class. Similar, but only as a trend, having ADHD, planning difficulties or hypersensitivity increased the risk of a lesser response. Conclusions The present study compares the efficacy in individualised and group treatment of providing manualised therapy for child and adolescent tic disorders using two behavioural methods (combined HRT and ERP) both of which have been shown to have acute benefits but only one of which has been validated for longer term effectiveness. In the present study, both individualised and group treatments showed benefit throughout a 1-year follow-up period with several potential confounds affecting outcomes, while the relative benefits of either HRT and ERP were not addressed. Trial registration NCT04594044, 1-10-72-216-15, registered 19th October 2020, retrospectively registered, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/template/Home.vm?uid=U0005BW2&ts=9&sid=S000ABEY&cx=-wlx7vb The study is approved by the National Ethical Committee (1-10-72-216-15) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (1–16-02-490-15), registered 12 October 2015.

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