scholarly journals Influence of organic amendments on growth, yield and quality of wheat and on soil properties during transition to organic production

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopinath KA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Rates

A transition period of at least two years is required for annual crops before the produce may be certified as organically grown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the three organic amendments on yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and on soil properties during transition to organic production. The organic amendments were composted farmyard manure (FYMC), vermicompost and lantana (Lantana spp. L.) compost applied to soil at four application rates (60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1). The grain yield of wheat in all the treatments involving organic amendments was markedly lower (36-65 % and 23-54 % less in the first and second year of transition, respectively) compared with the mineral fertilizer treatment. For the organic treatments applied at equivalent N rates, grain yield was higher for FYMC treatment closely followed by vermicompost. In the first year of transition, protein content of wheat grain was higher (85.9 g kg-1) for mineral fertilizer treatment whereas in the second year, there were no significant differences among the mineral fertilizer treatment and the highest application rate (150 kg N ha-1) of three organic amendments. The grain P and K contents were, however, significantly higher for the treatments involving organic amendments than their mineral fertilizer counterpart in both years. Application of organic amendments, irrespective of source and rate, greatly lowered bulk density (1.14-1.25 Mg m-3), and enhanced pH (6.0-6.5) and oxidizable organic carbon (13-18.8 g kg-1) of soil compared with mineral fertilizer treatment after two-year transition period. Mineral fertilized plots, however, had higher levels of available N and P than plots with organic amendments. All the treatments involving organic amendments, particularly at higher application rates, enhanced soil microbial activities of dehydrogenase, -glucosidase, urease and phosphatase compared with the mineral fertilizer and unamended check treatments. We conclude that the application rate of 120 and 150 kg N ha-1 of all the three sources of organic amendments improved soil properties. There was, however, a 23-65% reduction in wheat yield during the two years of transition to organic production.

scholarly journals Influence of organic amendments on growth, yield and quality of wheat and on soil properties during transition to organic production

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Gopinath ◽  
Supradip Saha ◽  
B. L. Mina ◽  
Harit Pande ◽  
S. Kundu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Yield And Quality

scholarly journals Bell pepper yield and soil properties during conversion from conventional to organic production in Indian Himalayas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopinath KA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Conventional Practice

A conversion period of at least two years is required for annual crops before produce may be certified as organically grown. There is a need for better understanding of the various management options for transitioning from conventional to organic production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three organic amendments on growth and yield of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), the benefit:cost ratio, soil fertility and enzymatic activities during conversion to organic production. The organic amendments were composted farmyard manure (FYMC), vermicompost (VC) and poultry manure (PM) along with biofertilizers [Azotobacter + Phosphorus solubilizing Bacteria (Pseudomonas striata)]. The bell pepper yield under organic management was markedly lower (33-53% and 18-40% less in first and second year of conversion, respectively) compared with conventional practice (FYMC 10 Mg ha-1 + NPK – 100:22:41.5 kg ha-1). Composted FYM 20 Mg ha-1 + biofertilizers (BF), and combined application of three organic amendments (FYMC 10 Mg ha-1 + PM and VC each 1.5 Mg ha-1 + BF) produced similar but significantly higher yield (27.9 and 26.1 Mg ha-1, respectively) of bell pepper compared with other organic amendment treatments. Composted FYM 20 Mg ha-1 + BF and combined application of three organic amendments greatly lowered soil bulk density (1.15-1.17 Mg m-3), and enhanced pH (7.1) and oxidizable organic carbon (1.2-1.3%) of soil compared with conventional practice and unamended control after a two-year transition period. However, the N, P and K levels were highest in the plots under conventional practice. Plots amended with FYMC 20 Mg ha-1 + BF had higher soil microbial activities of dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase compared with other treatments. However, the urease activity was greater in the plots under conventional practice. Among the treatments involving organic amendments alone, FYMC 20 Mg ha-1 + BF gave the highest gross margin (US $ 8237.5 ha-1) compared to other treatments. We conclude that FYMC 20 Mg ha-1 + BF was found more suitable for enhancing bell pepper growth and yield, through improved soil properties, during conversion to organic production.

The effect of sheep manure on yield and quality in production of organic sugar beet

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Ahmet Pişkin
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
White Sugar

This study was carried out in the Konya Experiment Station experimental plots of the Directorate of Sugar Research Institute of the Turkish Sugar Factories Corporation from 2005 to 2010, with first two years being the transition period, for the purpose of investigating the effect of manure on sugar beet yield and quality in production of organic sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Trials were organized into a randomized block design with 4 replications in the same plot. The experiments evaluated manure application, chemical fertilizer application and control (growing plants with no fertilizer). The study investigated sugar beet root yield, sugar concentration, white sugar concentration and white sugar yield. According to the 3 year experimental results, 69.8–83.3% of the white sugar in chemical fertilizer treatment achieved by sheep manure treatment. Despite some reduction in sugar beet yield values, it is evident that manure may be used effectively in the production of organic sugar beet in accordance with an organic production system.

Effects of fluoride on soil properties and yield and quality of maize

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu CUI ◽  
Xiao-Dong WANG ◽  
Wen-Hua FAN ◽  
Jian-Ming WANG ◽  
Ke-Yong CUI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Yield And Quality

Influence of long-term manure application on mineral composition of irrigated barley silage

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
B. W. Beasley ◽  
C. F. Drury ◽  
F. J. Larney ◽  
X. Hao
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Barley Silage

Miller, J. J., Beasley, B. W., Drury, C. F., Larney, F. and Hao, X. 2015. Influence of long-term manure application on mineral composition of irrigated barley silage. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 759–770. The long-term effect of land application of manure type (composted vs. stockpiled manure), bedding type (wood-chips vs. straw), and application rate on feed quality of barley silage as feed for beef cattle is unknown. We measured selected minerals [P, Ca, Ca:P ratio, Mg, K, K:(Ca+Mg) ratio, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu] of irrigated barley silage (Hordeum vulgare L.) on a clay loam soil after 4 (2002), 7 (2005) and 11 (2009) years of annual applications of composted (CM) or stockpiled (SM) feedlot manure with wood-chips (WD) or straw (ST) bedding at three application rates (13, 39, 77Mg ha−1 dry wt.). The treatments also included an unamended control and inorganic fertilizer treatment. Manure type generally had inconsistent or no significant (P≤0.05) effect on the concentrations of these minerals in barley silage. Most crop minerals were generally greater under ST than WD. The findings for P, K, Na, and K:(Ca+Mg) ratio generally supported our hypothesis of greater crop concentrations with greater application rate, but Ca and Mg decreased at higher rates. Overall, our findings suggest that bedding and application rate have more potential than manure type for managing the feed quality of barley silage.

Effect of a plant-based fertilizer and red clover mulch on some soil properties and the yield and quality of sweet pepper

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Kaniszewski ◽  
Agnieszka Stępowska ◽  
Stanisław Kaniszewski ◽  
Kalina Sikorska-Zimny
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Yield And Quality

Effect of conventional and organic production systems on the yield and quality of field tomato cultivars grown in Tunisia

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (13) ◽  
pp. 2275-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anissa Riahi ◽  
Chafik Hdider ◽  
Mustapha Sanaa ◽  
Néji Tarchoun ◽  
Mohamed Ben Kheder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

scholarly journals Effects of integrated application of plant-based compost and urea on soil food web, soil properties, and yield and quality of a processing carrot cultivar

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
A. Habteweld ◽  
D. Brainard ◽  
A. Kravchencko ◽  
P. S. Grewal ◽  
H. Melakeberhan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Soil Food Web ◽  
Yield And Quality

scholarly journals Investigating the Proper Application Rate of Nitrogen under Mulched Drip Irrigation to Improve the Yield and Quality of Tomato in Saline Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Jifeng Zhang ◽  
Zhenhua Wang ◽  
Bihang Fan ◽  
Yusheng Hou ◽  
Yunqing Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
N Application ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Mulched Drip Irrigation

Xinjiang is one of the most prolific tomato-planting areas in China. Here, we carried out a two-year (2017–2018) field experiment in Xinjiang to study the effects of different nitrogen (N) application rates on the spatial distribution of water and salt in the root zone, as well as their impacts on the yield and quality of tomatoes under mulched drip irrigation. The ideal ranges of N application rates for tomato yield and quality were examined under different salinity levels. Results indicated that soil water content and salinity increased with soil depth. Soil water content was closely related to soil salinity but not to N. Among the tested application rates, tomato yield was highest under the medium-high N (225–300 kg/ha) and low salt (4 g/kg) treatment. Under the highest salt level (10 g/kg), the low nitrogen treatment (150 kg/ha) was better than the high N treatment (300 kg/ha) at boosting tomato yield. Moreover, we found that salinity had a stronger effect on tomato quality than N. Based on these results, we were able to recommend ideal ranges for N (155–201 kg/ha) and salt (3.56–5.59 g/kg) while both are present in the soil.

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