scholarly journals Bell pepper yield and soil properties during conversion from conventional to organic production in Indian Himalayas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopinath KA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Conventional Practice

A conversion period of at least two years is required for annual crops before produce may be certified as organically grown. There is a need for better understanding of the various management options for transitioning from conventional to organic production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three organic amendments on growth and yield of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), the benefit:cost ratio, soil fertility and enzymatic activities during conversion to organic production. The organic amendments were composted farmyard manure (FYMC), vermicompost (VC) and poultry manure (PM) along with biofertilizers [Azotobacter + Phosphorus solubilizing Bacteria (Pseudomonas striata)]. The bell pepper yield under organic management was markedly lower (33-53% and 18-40% less in first and second year of conversion, respectively) compared with conventional practice (FYMC 10 Mg ha-1 + NPK – 100:22:41.5 kg ha-1). Composted FYM 20 Mg ha-1 + biofertilizers (BF), and combined application of three organic amendments (FYMC 10 Mg ha-1 + PM and VC each 1.5 Mg ha-1 + BF) produced similar but significantly higher yield (27.9 and 26.1 Mg ha-1, respectively) of bell pepper compared with other organic amendment treatments. Composted FYM 20 Mg ha-1 + BF and combined application of three organic amendments greatly lowered soil bulk density (1.15-1.17 Mg m-3), and enhanced pH (7.1) and oxidizable organic carbon (1.2-1.3%) of soil compared with conventional practice and unamended control after a two-year transition period. However, the N, P and K levels were highest in the plots under conventional practice. Plots amended with FYMC 20 Mg ha-1 + BF had higher soil microbial activities of dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase compared with other treatments. However, the urease activity was greater in the plots under conventional practice. Among the treatments involving organic amendments alone, FYMC 20 Mg ha-1 + BF gave the highest gross margin (US $ 8237.5 ha-1) compared to other treatments. We conclude that FYMC 20 Mg ha-1 + BF was found more suitable for enhancing bell pepper growth and yield, through improved soil properties, during conversion to organic production.

scholarly journals Influence of organic amendments on growth, yield and quality of wheat and on soil properties during transition to organic production

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopinath KA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Rates

A transition period of at least two years is required for annual crops before the produce may be certified as organically grown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the three organic amendments on yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and on soil properties during transition to organic production. The organic amendments were composted farmyard manure (FYMC), vermicompost and lantana (Lantana spp. L.) compost applied to soil at four application rates (60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1). The grain yield of wheat in all the treatments involving organic amendments was markedly lower (36-65 % and 23-54 % less in the first and second year of transition, respectively) compared with the mineral fertilizer treatment. For the organic treatments applied at equivalent N rates, grain yield was higher for FYMC treatment closely followed by vermicompost. In the first year of transition, protein content of wheat grain was higher (85.9 g kg-1) for mineral fertilizer treatment whereas in the second year, there were no significant differences among the mineral fertilizer treatment and the highest application rate (150 kg N ha-1) of three organic amendments. The grain P and K contents were, however, significantly higher for the treatments involving organic amendments than their mineral fertilizer counterpart in both years. Application of organic amendments, irrespective of source and rate, greatly lowered bulk density (1.14-1.25 Mg m-3), and enhanced pH (6.0-6.5) and oxidizable organic carbon (13-18.8 g kg-1) of soil compared with mineral fertilizer treatment after two-year transition period. Mineral fertilized plots, however, had higher levels of available N and P than plots with organic amendments. All the treatments involving organic amendments, particularly at higher application rates, enhanced soil microbial activities of dehydrogenase, -glucosidase, urease and phosphatase compared with the mineral fertilizer and unamended check treatments. We conclude that the application rate of 120 and 150 kg N ha-1 of all the three sources of organic amendments improved soil properties. There was, however, a 23-65% reduction in wheat yield during the two years of transition to organic production.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Woodchip Biochar and Brown Coal Waste as Stable Sorbents for Abatement of Bioavailable Cadmium, Lead and Zinc in Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 231 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Amoah-Antwi ◽  
J. Kwiatkowska-Malina ◽  
E. Szara ◽  
S. Thornton ◽  
O. Fenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Cadmium Lead

Abstract Organic sorbents alter physicochemical soil properties and mitigate heavy metal (HM) bioavailability. However, some sorbents are labile and, therefore, introduce the risk of HM release into soil after mineralisation. Before field application, new stable organic sorbents such as woodchip biochar (BIO) and brown coal waste (BCW) need to be tested and compared with standard organic amendments like farmyard manure (FYM). An incubated pot experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of FYM, BIO and BCW (added to soil in pots at 5 and 10% w/w) to alter soil physicochemical properties and mitigate bioavailability of Cd, Pb and Zn spiked in treatments at different doses (in mg kg−1); 0 (not spiked), 1 (1 Cd, 70 Pb, 100 Zn) and 2 (3 Cd, 500 Pb, 700 Zn), and incubated for 9 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the EDTA-extractable HM fractions, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and specific surface area (SSA, to check trends) were determined in all treated soils. Results showed that FYM, BCW and BIO generally improved all soil properties (except reduced pH from BCW and apparent SSA reduction from FYM) and accounted for respective maximum abatements of Cd (50.2, 69.9 and 25.5%), Pb (34.2, 64.3 and 17.4%) and Zn (14.9, 17.7 and 11.8%) bioavailability in soil. FYM and BCW were more effective at 10% w/w especially in the low contaminated soil, whereas the highest efficacy for BIO was at 5% w/w and in the high contaminated soil. The efficacies of sorption by the organic sorbents varied for different HMs and were in the orders: BCW > FYM > BIO for Cd, FYM > BCW > BIO for Pb and BIO > BCW > FYM for Zn. Soil pH and CEC were strongly correlated with HM bioavailability in all treatments and implied that immobilisation of HMs occurred via complex formation, ion exchange and pH-dependent specific adsorption. All three sorbents were beneficial as soil amendments, and in terms of HM mitigation, BCW had the highest efficacy, followed by FYM and then BIO. Considering the documented high soil stability of BCW and BIO, these results are promising for further trialling at field scale.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) as affected by farmyard manure and nitrogen fertilizer application in Tahtay Koraro District, Northwestern Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-627
Author(s):  
Lchi Abrahaley Gererufael ◽  
Negasi Tekeste Abraham ◽  
Tesfay Belay Reda
Keyword(s):  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Unfertilized Plot ◽  
Bulb Yield

AbstractA field experiment was carried out in Tahtay Koraro district of Northwestern zone of Tigray from October 2017 to April 2018, to assess the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth, yield and yield components of onion. The experiment consisted of four levels of FYM (Farmyard manure) as 0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha−1 and four levels of inorganic N as 0, 34.5, 69 and 103.5 kg ha−1 factorially arranged in RCB design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed that the main effect of N, FYM as well as their interactions significantly (P < 0.05) influenced days to maturity, plant height, leaf number, leaf diameter, bulb diameter, neck diameter, average bulb weight, above ground dry biomass, marketable bulb yield and total bulb yield of onion. Similarly, main effects of N and FYM significantly (P < 0.05) affected leaf length, bulb length, unmarketable bulb yield and harvest index. The highest marketable bulb yield of 35.93 t ha−1 and 34.72 t ha−1 were obtained at combinations of 103.5 kg N ha−1 + 30 t FYM ha−1 and 103.5 kg N ha−1 + 20 t FYM ha−1 respectively. However, the lowest marketable bulb yield of 13.88 t ha−1 was obtained from the unfertilized plot. Moreover, the highest marginal rate of return was obtained at combined application of 103.5 kg N ha−1 and 10 t FYM ha−1 and thus can be recommended for onion production in the study area.

Organic Amendments Improve Wheat Root Growth and Yield through Regulating Soil Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 482-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Zhao ◽  
Lusheng Li ◽  
Huanjie Cai ◽  
Junliang Fan ◽  
Henry Wai Chau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Growth And Yield

Microbial biomass carbon and some soil properties as influenced by long-term sodic-water irrigation, gypsum, and organic amendments

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joginder Kaur ◽  
O. P. Choudhary ◽  
Bijay-Singh
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Sodic Water

Long-term sodic-water irrigation may adversely affect the quality of soil organic carbon along with some soil properties. The extent to which the adverse effects can be ameliorated through the use of gypsum and amendments needs to be known. Soil properties and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were studied after 14 years of sodic water (SW) irrigation and application of different levels of gypsum, farmyard manure (FYM), green manure (GM), and wheat straw (WS) to a sandy loam soil. Irrigation with SW increased pH, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and bulk density, and decreased final infiltration rate of soil. Application of gypsum and organic amendments reversed these trends. Decrease in MBC due to SW irrigation was from 132.5 to 44.6 mg/kg soil in the 0–75 mm soil layer and from 49.0 to 17.3 mg/kg soil in the 75–150 mm soil layer. Application of gypsum and organic amendments significantly increased MBC; GM and FYM were more effective than WS. Changes in soil ESP explained 85 and 75% variation in MBC in the unamended and organically amended SW treatments, respectively. Soil pH as additional variable improved the predictability of MBC to 96% and 77%. Irrigation with SW reduced yield of rice plus wheat by 5 t/ha. Application of gypsum and organic amendments significantly increased the rice and wheat yield; it was significantly correlated with MBC (r = 0.56**, n = 60). It confirms that MBC rather than organic C is a more sensitive indicator of environmental stresses in soils caused by long-term sodic water irrigation.

scholarly journals Improving Soil Properties and Yield of Corn (Zea Mays L.) by Application of Organic Amendment on Abandoned Tin-Mining Land in Bangka Island

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
. Asmarhansyah
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mining Areas

An abandoned land after tin-mining activities are degraded lands with undulating and destructed land scape and low soil fertility status. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of organic amendments on the soil properties, growth, and grain yield of corn (Zea mays L.) on abandoned tin-mining areas in Bangka Island, Bangka Belitung Archipelago. The field experiment was conducted at the abandoned tin-mining areas in Cambai Village, Bangka Belitung Archipelago. Five treatments of organic amendments were applied and replicated three times and laid out in a Randomized Completely Block Design. All treatments were applied with the recommended rate fertilizer of 135 kg N ha-1, 72 kg P2O5 ha-1, and 120 kg K2O ha-1.  The treatments were T1= 20 Mg chicken manure ha-1;T2= 20 Mg cattle manure ha-1; T3= 20 Mg rice straw compost ha-1; T4 : 10 Mg of chicken manure ha-1 + 10 Mg rice straw compost ha-1; and T5= 10 Mg cattlemanure ha-1 + 10 Mg rice straw compost  ha-1. Application of organic amendments (chicken manure, cattle manure, and rice straw compost) on abandoned tin-mining land improved soil fertility due to the increasing of soil pH and nutrient availability, especially available-P and -K, and exchangeable bases. Application of chicken manure and cattle manure were significantly better than rice straw compost to improving soil fertility, nutrient uptake, growth and yield of maize. Application of cattle manure gave the highest yield of maize, namely 6.24 Mg ha-1.

scholarly journals Bell pepper yield and soil properties during conversion from conventional to organic production in Indian Himalayas

2009 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Gopinath ◽  
Supradip Saha ◽  
B.L. Mina ◽  
Harit Pande ◽  
A.K. Srivastva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Indian Himalayas

Short-Term Effects of Different Organic Amendments on Soil Properties and Organic Broccoli Growth and Yield

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hewidy ◽  
A. Traversa ◽  
M. Ben Kheder ◽  
F. Ceglie ◽  
C. Cocozza
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effects

scholarly journals Response of sweetpotato to the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers in marginal upland

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Jay-Ar Bagarinao ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

Marginal uplands are characterized by low soil fertility and crop productivity. To alleviate the problem, organic amendments combined with inorganic fertilizer were tested to assess their effects on the growth and yield performance of sweetpotato; determine the option treatment combination; and assess the soil physicochemical properties. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely: T0 = (0-0-0); T1 = 1 t ha-1 Evans + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2 = 1 t ha-1 Wellgrow + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3 = 15 t ha-1 chicken dung alone; T4 = 10 t ha-1 chicken dung + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5 = 15 t ha-1 Vermicast alone; and T6 = 10 t ha-1 Vermicast + 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of 10 t ha-1 of either chicken dung or vermicast plus 30-30-30 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 in Inopacan, Leyte produced higher total root yield over the control. Root yield during the second cropping greatly increased to 16.19 t ha-1 which is almost 3 times higher than the first crop when 15 t ha-1 chicken dung alone (T3) was used. In Sta. Rita, Samar, most of the growth, yield, and yield parameters of sweetpotato were not affected by the treatments. Moreover, only a slight improvement in soil properties was noted.

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