scholarly journals Adaptasi Tanaman Padi Terhadap Stres Genangan: Biosintesis Etilen

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danner Sagala
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Deepwater Rice ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

Drastically environmental change when submergence occur cause physiologically damages in plant. Submergence inhibits the rate of gas diffusion between plant and atmosphere. The decrease of oxygen interfere the respiration and the inhibition of CO2 into plant disturbs the photosynthesis process. In addition, the plant also experience stress after submergence. There are two types of plant adaptation to submergence, namely tolerance and the elongation ability. The elongation of submerged stem is related to ethylene production. The exogenous ethylene application stimulate the elongation of deepwater rice in aerobic condition . Ethylene biosyntheses is arranged by ACC synthase gene.Versi pre-print

scholarly journals Physiological and Molecular Characterization of the Response to Ethylene during Senescence of Carnation Genotypic Variants

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Woodson ◽  
Shimon Mayak ◽  
Haim Rabinowitch
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Petal Senescence ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Novel Proteins ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

The senescence of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers is associated with increased production of the phytohormone ethylene, which in turn serves to initiate and regulate the processes involved in programmed petal death. We investigated the regulation of ethylene production and petal senescence in carnation. Several carnation genotypes were identified that exhibited extended vase-life in comparison to flowers from typical commercial cultivars. The capacity of these genotypes to produce ethylene during postharvest vase-life and to respond to exogenous ethylene was investigated. Several genotypes, represented by 'Sandrosa' and 87-37G produced little ethylene durig their postharvest vase-life and as a result failed to exhibit the symptoms (in-rolling and wilting) typical of flowers producing elevated levels of ethylene. These genotypes were further separated by their capacity to respond to exogenous ethylene by both increased ethylene synthesis and premature petal senescence. In one case a genotype (799) was identified that was not capable of responding to exogenous ethylene by either increased ethylene production or premature petal senescence. The regulation of ethylene production during petal senescence was investigated both at the enzyme and gene levels. A full length cDNA was identified for the petal senescence-related ACC synthase gene. Utilizing this, and other ethylene biosynthetic pathway cDNA probes, an increase in both ACC synthase and ACC oxidase mRNAs were detected following ethylene treatment. An increase in ACC oxidase mRNA and enzyme activity was detected within 2-3 h following ethylene treatment, indicating the expression of this gene is an early response to ethylene. An investigation into the expression of novel proteins during petal senescence revealed a number of polypeptides increased in abundance and possibly play a role in the regulation or biochemical processes of senescence. One polypeptide of 70 kDa was identified as being encoded by the previously characterized gene SR12 and possibly represents a b-galactosidase involved in the remobilization of carbohydrates during senescence.

scholarly journals ASPECTS OF ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY IN TOMATO FRUITS DURING THE RIPENING PROCESS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 651d-651
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Terai ◽  
Hironobu Tsuchida ◽  
Masashi Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Green fruits of normal ripening type of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) were picked 13-39 days after anthesis and stored at 20°C. Although more days were required for the ripening of the fruits if the stage of picking was earlier, all fruits became red and soft during storage. This result shows that considerably immature fruits have the ability of ripening. Green tomato fruits at three stages (18. 29 and 38 days after anthesis) were treated with ethylene for one day. The activity of ethylene forming enzyme (EFE) and the conversion of applied 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to N-malonyl-ACC (MACC) in the three stages of tomato fruits were accelerated by exogenous ethylene, though endogenous ethylene production was hardly observed. When the green tomato fruits (31-34 days after anthesis) were treated with ethylene for one day and then transferred to air. the activity of EFE and the conversion of applied ACC to MACC were depressed. The activity of ACC synthase was not accelerated by ethylene treatment of only one day, but was accelerated by a longer term treatment, followed by increased ethylene production and the onset of ripening.

Effects of Exogenous Ethylene on AC and Rin Tomato Fruit

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 677-680
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Hai Xue Liu ◽  
Yong Bo Peng ◽  
Shi Li ◽  
Tie Ling Liu
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

The flesh firmness of AC andrinmutant tomato fruits picked freshly were the largest. Respiration rate and ethylene production were very low at this time. With ethylene production increase, fruit firmness began to decline. 100μL/L ethephon significantly increased AC tomato fruit ethylene release, respiration rate, ACS activity and ACO activity, and decreased flesh firmness. However, there were no significant differences inrinmutant between control and ethephon treatment. It was shown RIN transcription factor regulated ethylene biosynthesis by ACC synthase and ACC oxidase.

Nitrate increases ethylene production and aerenchyma formation in roots of lowland rice plants under water stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuimin Gao ◽  
Lei Ding ◽  
Yingrui Li ◽  
Yupei Chen ◽  
Jingwen Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Aerenchyma Formation ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene ◽  
Root Cortical Aerenchyma

Ethylene increases root cortical aerenchyma formation in maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and other species. To further investigate the effects of nitrate, ammonium and water stress on ethylene production and aerenchyma formation in roots, two lowland rice cultivars (Shanyou 63, hybrid indica, and Yangdao 6, inbred indica) were cultured hydroponically with 10% (w/v) polyethylene glycol to simulate water stress. Water stress decreased shoot biomass, stomatal conductivity and leaf water potential in cultivars fed with nitrate but not with ammonium. Water stress induced more aerenchyma formation in cultivars fed with nitrate rather than ammonium, and increased cortical aerenchyma was found in Yangdao 6. Endogenous ethylene production by roots increased significantly under water stress in plants fed with nitrate rather than ammonium. Exogenous ethylene stimulated root cortical aerenchyma formation. Expression of the ethylene biosynthesis gene 1-aminocyclo-propane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS5) was greater in roots fed with nitrate rather than ammonium in the presence and absence of water stress. The expression of ethylene signalling pathway genes involved in programmed cell death (lesion-simulating disease (L.S.D.)1.1 and L.S.D.2; enhanced disease susceptibility (EDS) and phytoalexin-deficient (PAD4)) were regulated by the N form and water stress. In plants of cultivars fed with ammonium, L.S.D.1.1 expression increased under water stress, whereas L.S.D.2, EDS and PAD4 expression decreased. In conclusion, nitrate increases ethylene production and cortical aerenchyma formation in roots of water-stressed lowland rice. However, ammonium increased L.S.D.1.1 expression in water-stressed roots, and decreased ACS5, EDS and PAD4 expression, which would inhibit ethylene production and aerenchyma formation.

scholarly journals Volatile Ester Suppression and Recovery following 1-Methylcyclopropene Application to Apple Fruit

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Ferenczi ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
Meisheng Tian ◽  
Konstantinos Vlachonasios ◽  
David Dilley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Ester Formation ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Alcohol Acyltransferase ◽  
Ester Biosynthesis ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on biosynthesis of volatiles and fruit ripening in apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) was investigated using `Golden Delicious', `Jonagold', and `Redchief Delicious' fruit. Application of 1-MCP to `Golden Delicious' at the preclimacteric stage effectively inhibited ripening as determined by decreased expression of genes for 1-amino-1-cyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase (ACO), and ACC synthase, ACO protein content, climacteric ethylene production, respiration, and volatile ester biosynthesis. Exogenous ethylene applied after 1-MCP treatment did not induce ethylene production, respiration, or volatile production. Activity for alcohol acyltransferase, which catalyzes the final step in ester formation, was demonstrable for 1-MCP-treated fruit, indicating no strict limitation on ester formation is imposed by this enzyme and that ester formation in 1-MCP-treated apple fruit is at least partially limited by reduced substrate synthesis. Once volatile ester formation had been suppressed by 1-MCP, the recovery of volatile synthesis required ≈3 weeks for `Jonagold' and 4 weeks for `Delicious' when held in air at 22 °C. For the first 2 months of storage at 0 °C in air, `Jonagold' and `Delicious' required ≈3 weeks holding at 22 °C for volatile biosynthesis to initiate; after 5 months in refrigerated storage, volatile formation was evident at the time of removal from cold storage. For `Jonagold' fruit held in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage for 2, 5, and 7 months at 0 °C, at least 3 weeks holding at 22 °C were required for volatile formation to begin to recover. The maximal amount of volatile formation was reduced 50% by 1-MCP relative to nontreated control fruit. CA storage had a similar impact on maximal volatile formation. The marketing of 1-MCP-treated fruit soon after treatment might result in the delivery of fruit to the consumer with little likelihood of recovery of volatile ester formation prior to consumption.

Relationship of Ethylene Production to Elongation in Deepwater Rice 1

Crop Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1188-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar A. Khan ◽  
R. Thakur ◽  
M. Akbar ◽  
D. HilleRisLambers ◽  
D. V. Seshu
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Deepwater Rice ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Effect of growth regulators on 'Brookfield' apple gas diffusion and metabolism under controlled atmosphere storage

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auri Brackmann ◽  
Fabio Rodrigo Thewes ◽  
Rogerio de Oliveira Anese ◽  
Vanderlei Both
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Ethylene Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on gas diffusion and on metabolism of 'Brookfield' apple, and to determine their correlation with quality characteristics of fruit stored in controlled atmosphere. A completely randomized design was used with four replicates. After eight months of storage, the effects of water (control), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), AVG + ethephon, AVG + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), ethephon + NAA, sole NAA, 1-MCP, ethylene absorption by potassium permanganate (ABS), AVG + ABS, and of AVG + 1-MCP - applied at different rates and periods - were evaluated on: gas diffusion rate, ethylene production, respiratory rate, internal ethylene concentration, internal CO2 content, mealiness, and intercellular space. Fruit from the control and sole NAA treatments had the highest mealiness occurrence. Growth regulators significantly changed the gaseous diffusion through the pulp of 'Brookfield' apple, mainly in the treatment AVG + ABS, which kept the highest gas diffusion rate. NAA spraying in the field, with or without another growth regulator, increased ripening metabolism by rising ethylene production and respiration rate, and reduced gas diffusion during shelf life. AVG spraying cannot avoid the ethephon effect during the ripening process, and reduces both the internal space and mealiness incidence, but it is not able to induce ethylene production or to increase respiration rates.

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