Effects of Exogenous Ethylene and 1-MCP on ACC Oxidase Activity, Ethylene Production and Vase Life in Cattleya Alliances

2004 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Yamane ◽  
Yoshikazu Yamaki ◽  
Nobuaki Fujishige
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

scholarly journals 24-Epibrasinolide Modulates the Vase Life of Lisianthus Cut Flowers by Modulating ACC Oxidase Enzyme Activity and Physiological Responses

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
Mohammad Darvish ◽  
Habib Shirzad ◽  
Mohammadreza Asghari ◽  
Parviz Noruzi ◽  
Abolfazl Alirezalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme

Ethylene is the most important factor playing roles in senescence and deterioration of harvested crops including cut flowers. Brassinosteroids (BRs), as natural phytohormones, have been reported to differently modulate ethylene production and related senescence processes in different crops. This study was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) on ACC oxidase enzyme activity, the final enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis pathway, vase life, and senescence rate in lisianthus cut flowers. Harvested flowers were treated with EBL (at 0, 3, 6, and 9 µmol/L) and kept at 25 °C for 15 days. The ACC oxidase activity, water absorption, malondialdehyde (MDA) production and vase solution absorption rates, chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, and the vase life of the flowers were evaluated during and at the end of storage. EBL at 3 µmol/L significantly (p ≤ 0.01) enhanced the flower vase life by decreasing the ACC oxidase activity, MDA production and senescence rates, and enhancing chlorophyll and anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation, relative water content, and vase solution absorption rates. By increasing the concentration, EBL negatively affected the flower vase life and postharvest quality probably via enhancing the ACC oxidase enzyme activity and subsequent ethylene production. EBL at 6 and 9 µmol/L and in a concentration dependent manner, enhanced the ACC oxidase activity and MDA production rate and decreased chlorophyll and anthocyanin accumulation and water absorption rate. The results indicate that the effects of brassinosteroids on ethylene production and physiology of lisianthus cut flowers is highly dose dependent.

scholarly journals Postharvest Behavior of Transgenic Cantaloupe Melons with Suppressed ACC Oxidase Activity

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 571d-571
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Pech
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Cell Wall Degradation ◽  
Antisense Gene ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Respiratory Behavior ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

We have generated transgenic Cantaloupe Charentais melons expressing an ACC oxidase antisense gene in which ethylene production was reduced to less than 1% as compared to control untransformed fruits. As a consequence, some aspects of the ripening process were strongly inhibited (aroma volatiles production, chlorophyll and cell wall degradation, pigmentation of the rind, activation of peduncular abscission zone) while others remained unchanged (coloration of the flesh), allowing us to distinguish between ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent pathways. Some postharvest characteristics of the transgenic fruit are described in terms of expression of ripening-related genes, respiratory behavior, and biochemical composition. Data also are presented showing that exogenous ethylene treatments could reverse the antisense phenotype.

scholarly journals Physiological and Molecular Characterization of the Response to Ethylene during Senescence of Carnation Genotypic Variants

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Woodson ◽  
Shimon Mayak ◽  
Haim Rabinowitch
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Petal Senescence ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Novel Proteins ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

The senescence of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers is associated with increased production of the phytohormone ethylene, which in turn serves to initiate and regulate the processes involved in programmed petal death. We investigated the regulation of ethylene production and petal senescence in carnation. Several carnation genotypes were identified that exhibited extended vase-life in comparison to flowers from typical commercial cultivars. The capacity of these genotypes to produce ethylene during postharvest vase-life and to respond to exogenous ethylene was investigated. Several genotypes, represented by 'Sandrosa' and 87-37G produced little ethylene durig their postharvest vase-life and as a result failed to exhibit the symptoms (in-rolling and wilting) typical of flowers producing elevated levels of ethylene. These genotypes were further separated by their capacity to respond to exogenous ethylene by both increased ethylene synthesis and premature petal senescence. In one case a genotype (799) was identified that was not capable of responding to exogenous ethylene by either increased ethylene production or premature petal senescence. The regulation of ethylene production during petal senescence was investigated both at the enzyme and gene levels. A full length cDNA was identified for the petal senescence-related ACC synthase gene. Utilizing this, and other ethylene biosynthetic pathway cDNA probes, an increase in both ACC synthase and ACC oxidase mRNAs were detected following ethylene treatment. An increase in ACC oxidase mRNA and enzyme activity was detected within 2-3 h following ethylene treatment, indicating the expression of this gene is an early response to ethylene. An investigation into the expression of novel proteins during petal senescence revealed a number of polypeptides increased in abundance and possibly play a role in the regulation or biochemical processes of senescence. One polypeptide of 70 kDa was identified as being encoded by the previously characterized gene SR12 and possibly represents a b-galactosidase involved in the remobilization of carbohydrates during senescence.

scholarly journals Senescence Symptoms after Emasculation Vary among Cymbidium Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Nam Suh ◽  
Kiyoshi Ohkawa ◽  
Beyoung Hwa Kwack
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Before And After

Response of cut Cymbidium flowers to emasculation was investigated. All Cymbidium cultivars that we examined produced ethylene during senescence. There were marked cultivar differences in the changes of fresh weight, ethylene production, and lip coloration after emasculation. In the case of `Venus', flower emasculation did not alter fresh weight, ethylene production, or lip coloration. There were differences in ACC oxidase in vivo activity among the three cultivars before and after emasculation. There was a correlation between the initial ACC oxidase activity and time to lip coloration in the emasculated flowers, but not in control flowers. It was suggested that the initial ACC oxidase activity of the column may be related to flower response to emasculation rather than vase life during senescence.

Harvest maturity related changes in the cold-induced activation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid metabolism in Granny Smith apples / Efecto del estado de madurez sobre la activación por frío del metabolismo del ácido 1-aminociclopropano-1-carboxílico en manzanas Granny Smith

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Larrigaudiere ◽  
I. Recasens ◽  
J. Graell ◽  
M. Vendrell
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Harmonization Process ◽  
Harvest Maturity

Changes in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid metabolism in apples ( Malus domestica Borkh cv Granny Smith) were studied in relation to cold storage. Emphasis was given to the differential re sponsiveness of fruits to cold treatment as a function of stage of maturity at harvest. Fruits were held at 1 or 20 °C for 30 days, respectively, or exposed to 1 °C for 10 days and then storaged at 20 °C for up to 30 days. Fruits at 20 °C showed typical climacteric behavior. Differences at 1 °C between maturity stages in ethylene production and ACC oxidase activity were abolished, which showed that cold treatment is an important inducer of climacteric rise in preclimacteric Granny Smith apples. At 1 °C, ethylene production was lower than at 20 °C and the maxima in production were similar for all the stages of maturity, but took place at different times which corresponded exactly to the initial differ ences in harvest dates. After the transfer to 20 °C, fruits exhibited similar behavior as regards ethyl ene production, ACC oxidase activity, and ACC and MACC levels in relation to a harmonization process which is discussed in this study.

scholarly journals Heat treatment effects on ACC oxidase activity of 'Keitt' mangoes

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renar João Bender ◽  
Eduardo Seibert ◽  
Jeffrey K. Brecht
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Physical Treatments ◽  
Water Treatments

With the use of ethylene dibromide for mango disinfestation being ruled out, vapor heat or hot water treatments are the only alternatives for quarantine treatments of mangoes. Physical treatments such as heat treatments have been implicated in higher incidence of physiological disorders and enhancement of ripening processes. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to determine the effects of hot water treatments on ethylene production and on the in vitro activity of ACC oxidase. Cv. Keitt mangoes were immersed for 3 min in hot water at 53 °C or 90 min in water at 46 °C. Immediately after the treatments, some of the mangoes were analyzed for ACC oxidase activity and others were stored to be analyzed after 4 days at 12 °C. There was a significant increase in the ACC oxidase activity just after the hot water treatments. After 4 days, only the mangoes treated for 90 min maintained high ethylene production and ACC oxidase activity. Tissue from the outer layers of the mesocarp had higher enzyme activity compared to tissues from the innermost layers of the mesocarp of heat-treated mangoes.

Regulation of ethylene and polyamine synthesis by elevated carbon dioxide in cherimoya fruit stored at ripening and chilling temperatures

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Muñoz ◽  
P. Aguado ◽  
N. Ortega ◽  
M. I. Escribano ◽  
C. Merodio
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Arginine Decarboxylase ◽  
Chilling Temperature ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Chilling Temperatures ◽  
Co2 Level

In this study we focused on the effect of high CO2 level (20%) on ethylene and polyamine biosynthesis in cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) fruits stored at ripening (20˚C) and chilling (6˚C) temperatures. At ripening temperature, CO2 inhibited ethylene production, but 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate (ACC) oxidase activity was similar to that in ripe control fruits. CO2 treatment led to a decline in putrescine (Put) and a major accumulation of spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) without any effect on arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity. These results confirm the preferential transformation of Put to Spd and Spm in CO2 -treated fruits. At chilling temperature, the increase in ACC oxidase activity was inhibited and the Vmax of ADC increased. A combination of chilling temperature storage and high CO2 level led to suppression of basal ethylene production while ACC oxidase activity remained unchanged. In addition, fruits held at these conditions had higher polyamine titres than the untreated control. We propose that, in CO2 -treated fruits, the absence of autocatalytic or basal ethylene production, depending on the temperature, may be due to deviation of the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) pool towards polyamine synthesis, primarily Spd and Spm.

scholarly journals Ripening-associated Biochemical Traits of Cantaloupe Charentais Melons Expressing an Antisense ACC Oxidase Transgene

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Guis ◽  
Rinaldo Botondi ◽  
Mohamed Ben-Amor ◽  
Ricardo Ayub ◽  
Mondher Bouzayen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Strong Inhibition ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

Transgenic Cantaloupe Charentais melons (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis Naud. `Védrantais') exhibiting strong inhibition of ethylene production were used as a model to discriminate between ethylene-regulated and ethylene-independent ripening pathways. Compared to wild-type fruit, transgenic fruit did not undergo significant yellowing of the rind and softening of the flesh. However, these effects were completely reversed by treating transgenic fruit with 50 μL·L-1 exogenous ethylene. Pigmentation of the flesh occurred early before the onset of the climacteric and was thus unaffected by ethylene inhibition in transgenic fruit. Total soluble solids accumulated at the same rate in both types of fruit until 38 days after pollination when wild-type fruit abscissed. However, as ethylene-inhibited fruit failed to develop a peduncular abscission zone, they remained attached to the plant and accumulated higher amounts of sugars, mainly sucrose. Harvesting transgenic fruit resulted in a small but significant increase of internal ethylene associated with softening of the flesh.

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